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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Upregulation of iNOS/NO in Cancer Cells That Survive a Photodynamic Challenge: Role of No in Accelerated Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5697. [PMID: 38891885 PMCID: PMC11171770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique modality that employs a photosensitizer (PS), PS-exciting light, and O2 to generate cytotoxic oxidants. For various reasons, not all malignant cells in any given tumor will succumb to a PDT challenge. Previous studies by the authors revealed that nitric oxide (NO) from inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) plays a key role in tumor cell resistance and also stimulation of migratory/invasive aggressiveness of surviving cells. iNOS was the only NOS isoform implicated in these effects. Significantly, NO from stress-upregulated iNOS was much more important in this regard than NO from preexisting enzymes. Greater NO-dependent resistance, migration, and invasion was observed with at least three different cancer cell lines, and this was attenuated by iNOS activity inhibitors, NO scavengers, or an iNOS transcriptional inhibitor. NO diffusing from PDT-targeted cells also stimulated migration/invasion potency of non-targeted bystander cells. Unless counteracted by appropriate measures, all these effects could seriously compromise clinical PDT efficacy. Here, we will review specific examples of these negative side effects of PDT and how they might be suppressed by adjuvants such as NO scavengers or inhibitors of iNOS activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Witold Korytowski
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
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2
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Hu Q, Zuo H, Hsu JC, Zeng C, Zhou T, Sun Z, Cai W, Tang Z, Chen W. The Emerging Landscape for Combating Resistance Associated with Energy-Based Therapies via Nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308286. [PMID: 37971203 PMCID: PMC10872442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious disease with significant implications for public health, imposing substantial economic burden and negative societal consequences. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy, energy-based therapies (ET) based on athermal and thermal ablation provide distinct advantages, including minimally invasive procedures and rapid postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, due to the complex pathophysiology of many solid tumors, the therapeutic effectiveness of ET is often limited. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities by enabling facile material designs, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility, thereby further augmenting the outcomes of ET. Numerous nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to overcome intrinsic therapeutic resistance associated with ET, leading to improved antitumor responses. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes the underlying mechanisms of ET-associated resistance (ETR) and highlights representative applications of nanoplatforms used to mitigate ETR. Overall, this review emphasizes the recent advances in the field and presents a detailed account of novel nanomaterial designs in combating ETR, along with efforts aimed at facilitating their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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Calahorra J, Araujo-Abad S, Granadino-Roldán JM, Naranjo Á, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E. Tyrosol: Repercussion of the Lack of a Hydroxyl-Group in the Response of MCF-7 Cells to Hypoxia. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37379464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, such as breast cancer, hypoxic microenvironment worsens patient prognoses. We have previously reported in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that, under hypoxic conditions, hydroxytyrosol (HT) downregulates the level of reactive oxygen species, reduces the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and, at high concentrations, can bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). With this background, the present study investigated whether the most abundant extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolic compound tyrosol (TYR), with a chemical structure similar to HT but with only one hydroxyl group, exerts comparable effects. Our results revealed that, although TYR did not show any antioxidant activity in hypoxic MCF-7 cells, it inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6 kinase (S6K) pathway and reduced the expression of HIF-1α and some of its target genes. Besides, TYR showed a lower binding affinity with the cytosolic transcription factor AhR, and even reduced its transcriptional activity. Some of these results are positive to control tumor progression in a hypoxic environment; however, they are observed at doses unachievable with diet intake or nutraceutical presentations. Considering that EVOO phenols can have synergistic effects, a mixture of low doses of TYR and other phenols could be useful to achieve these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Calahorra
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángela Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Eva Siles
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Lv J, Wang X, Zhang X, Xu R, Hu S, Wang S, Li M. Tumor microenvironment-responsive artesunate loaded Z-scheme heterostructures for synergistic photo-chemodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumor. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100798. [PMID: 37252037 PMCID: PMC10209134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) with the particular features of severe hypoxia, insufficient endogenous H2O2, and overexpression of glutathione (GSH) markedly reduced the antitumor efficacy of monotherapy. Herein, a TME-responsive multifunctional nanoplatform (Bi2S3@Bi@PDA-HA/Art NRs) was presented for synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. The Z-scheme heterostructured bismuth sulfide@bismuth nanorods (Bi2S3@Bi NRs) guaranteed excellent photothermal performance of the nanoplatform. Moreover, its ability to produce O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synchronously could relieve tumor hypoxia and improve PDT outcomes. The densely coated polydopamine/ammonium bicarbonate (PDA/ABC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) layers on the surface of the nanoplatform enhanced the cancer-targeting capacity and induced the acidic TME-triggered in situ "bomb-like" release of Art. The CDT treatment was achieved by activating the released Art through intracellular Fe2+ ions in an H2O2-independent manner. Furthermore, decreasing the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels by Art could also increase the PDT efficiency of Bi2S3@Bi NRs. Owing to the synergistic effect, this nanoplatform displayed improved antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our design sheds light on the application of phototherapy combined with the traditional Chinese medicine monomer-artesunate in treating the hypoxic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Runpei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shuyang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shuangling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Howley R, Chandratre S, Chen B. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040496. [PMID: 37106683 PMCID: PMC10136048 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a fluorophore and photosensitizing agent. ALA administered exogenously bypasses the rate-limit step in the pathway, resulting in PpIX accumulation in tumor tissues. Such tumor-selective PpIX disposition following ALA administration has been exploited for tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with much success. Five ALA-based drugs have now received worldwide approval and are being used for managing very common human (pre)cancerous diseases such as actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma or guiding the surgery of bladder cancer and high-grade gliomas, making it the most successful drug discovery and development endeavor in PDT and photodiagnosis. The potential of ALA-induced PpIX as a fluorescent theranostic agent is, however, yet to be fully fulfilled. In this review, we would like to describe the heme biosynthesis pathway in which PpIX is produced from ALA and its derivatives, summarize current clinical applications of ALA-based drugs, and discuss strategies for enhancing ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. Our goal is two-fold: to highlight the successes of ALA-based drugs in clinical practice, and to stimulate the multidisciplinary collaboration that has brought the current success and will continue to usher in more landmark advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Armenia I, Cuestas Ayllón C, Torres Herrero B, Bussolari F, Alfranca G, Grazú V, Martínez de la Fuente J. Photonic and magnetic materials for on-demand local drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114584. [PMID: 36273514 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been considered a promising tool for biomedical research and clinical practice in the 21st century because of the great impact nanomaterials could have on human health. The generation of new smart nanomaterials, which enable time- and space-controlled drug delivery, improve the limitations of conventional treatments, such as non-specific targeting, poor biodistribution and permeability. These smart nanomaterials can respond to internal biological stimuli (pH, enzyme expression and redox potential) and/or external stimuli (such as temperature, ultrasound, magnetic field and light) to further the precision of therapies. To this end, photonic and magnetic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver and iron oxide, have been used to increase sensitivity and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this review, we aim to report the main and most recent systems that involve photonic or magnetic nanomaterials for external stimulus-responsive drug release. The uniqueness of this review lies in highlighting the versatility of integrating these materials within different carriers. This leads to enhanced performance in terms of in vitro and in vivo efficacy, stability and toxicity. We also point out the current regulatory challenges for the translation of these systems from the bench to the bedside, as well as the yet unresolved matter regarding the standardization of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cuestas Ayllón
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Torres Herrero
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesca Bussolari
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Alfranca
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Martínez de la Fuente
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Smith-Cohn MA, Burley NB, Grossman SA. Transient Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Vasoactive Peptides to Increase CNS Drug Delivery: Reality Versus Wishful Thinking? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1383-1399. [PMID: 35100958 PMCID: PMC9881081 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20999220131163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier inhibits the central nervous system penetration of 98% of small molecule drugs and virtually all biologic agents, which has limited progress in treating neurologic disease. Vasoactive peptides have been shown in animal studies to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier and regadenoson is currently being studied in humans to determine if it can improve drug delivery to the brain. However, many other vasoactive peptides could potentially be used for this purpose. METHODS We performed a review of the literature evaluating the physiologic effects of vasoactive peptides on the vasculature of the brain and systemic organs. To assess the likelihood that a vasoactive peptide might transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier, we devised a four-tier classification system to organize the available evidence. RESULTS We identified 32 vasoactive peptides with potential blood-brain barrier permeabilityaltering properties. To date, none of these are shown to open the blood-brain barrier in humans. Twelve vasoactive peptides increased blood-brain barrier permeability in rodents. The remaining 20 had favorable physiologic effects on blood vessels but lacked specific information on permeability changes to the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION Vasoactive peptides remain an understudied class of drugs with the potential to increase drug delivery and improve treatment in patients with brain tumors and other neurologic diseases. Dozens of vasoactive peptides have yet to be formally evaluated for this important clinical effect. This narrative review summarizes the available data on vasoactive peptides, highlighting agents that deserve further in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Smith-Cohn
- Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the The Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Health Services, 500 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 540, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; Tel: 206-320-2300; Fax: 206-320-8149; E-mail: , Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Building, 201 North Broadway, 9th Floor (Mailbox #3), Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; E-mail:
| | - Nicholas B. Burley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA;
| | - Stuart A. Grossman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA,Address correspondence to these authors at the The Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Health Services, 500 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 540, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; Tel: 206-320-2300; Fax: 206-320-8149; E-mail: , Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Building, 201 North Broadway, 9th Floor (Mailbox #3), Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; E-mail:
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Guanxinping Tablets Inhibit ET-1-Induced Proliferation and Migration of MOVAS by Suppressing Activated PI3K/Akt/NF- κB Signaling Cascade. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9485463. [PMID: 35685734 PMCID: PMC9173997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9485463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, the suppression of abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells are the important means for the prevention and inhibition of AS. The clinical effects of Guanxinping (GXP) tablets and preliminary clinical research on the topic have proved that GXP can effectively treat coronary heart disease, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm the inhibitory effect of GXP on the abnormal proliferation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods MOVAS cells were divided into two major groups: physiological and pathological groups. In the physiological group, MOVAS cells were directly stimulated with GXP, whereas in the pathological group, the cells were stimulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) before intervention by GXP. At the same time, atorvastatin calcium, which effectively inhibits the abnormal proliferation of MOVAS cells, was used in the negative control group. CCK8 assay, scratch test, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the expression levels of related factors after drug intervention in each group. Results In the physiological group, GXP had no significant effect on the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the related factors. In the pathological group, a high dose of GXP reduced the abnormal proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells. Further, it reduced the expression levels of PI3K; inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B); upregulated IκB-α levels; prevented nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) from entering the nucleus; downregulated the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), IL-1β, and iNOS; and upregulated the ratio of apoptosis-related factor Bax/Bcl-2. There was no significant difference between the high-dose GXP group and the atorvastatin calcium group (negative control group). Conclusion Our findings revealed that GXP was able to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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Yu H, Bai Y, Qiu J, He X, Xiong J, Dai Q, Wang X, Li Y, Sheng H, Xin R, Jiang L, Li Q, Li D, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen Q, Peng J, Hu X, Zhang K. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV Enhances the Nitric Oxide-Mediated Tumoricidal Activity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages via a TLR4/PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Glycolysis-Nitric Oxide Circuit. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736882. [PMID: 34900687 PMCID: PMC8654729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which display a tumor-supportive M2 phenotype, are closely related to tumor growth and metastasis. The reprogramming of TAMs toward a tumoricidal M1 profile has emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we found that the intratumoral injection of PcrV protein, a component of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type 3 secretion system, suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the percentage of M1-polarized TAMs in tumor tissues. Furthermore, the intratumoral injection of PcrV-primed macrophages exerted a similar tumoricidal effect. In vitro analyses revealed that PcrV reeducated TAMs toward an antitumoral M1 phenotype and augmented their nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found that these effects were dependent on the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated regulation of a PI3K/AKT/mTOR-glycolysis-NO feedback loop via direct interaction with TLR4. Collectively, these results revealed a potential role for PcrV in cancer immunotherapy through the targeting of TAM plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei He
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junzhi Xiong
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Halei Sheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Xin
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Administration Department of Nosocomial Infection, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Luo D, Basilion JP. Photodynamic Therapy: Targeting Cancer Biomarkers for the Treatment of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122992. [PMID: 34203805 PMCID: PMC8232794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment option that can kill cancerous cells by subjecting them to light irradiation at a specific wavelength. The main problem related to most photosensitizers is the lack of tumor selectivity, which leads to undesired uptake in normal tissues resulting in side effects. Passive targeting and active targeting are the two strategies to improve uptake in tumor tissues. This review focused on active targeting and summarizes recent active targeting approaches in which highly potent photosensitizers are rendered tumor-specific by means of an appended targeting moiety that interacts with a protein unique to, or at least significantly more abundant on, tumor cell surfaces compared to normal cells. Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-documented therapy that has emerged as an effective treatment modality of cancers. PDT utilizes harmless light to activate non- or minimally toxic photosensitizers to generate cytotoxic species for malignant cell eradication. Compared with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, PDT is appealing by virtue of the minimal invasiveness, its safety, as well as its selectivity, and the fact that it can induce an immune response. Although local illumination of the cancer lesions renders intrinsic selectivity of PDT, most photosensitizers used in PDT do not display significant tumor tissue selectivity. There is a need for targeted delivery of photosensitizers. The molecular identification of cancer antigens has opened new possibilities for the development of effective targeted therapy for cancer patients. This review provides a brief overview of recent achievements of targeted delivery of photosensitizers to cancer cells by targeting well-established cancer biomarkers. Overall, targeted PDT offers enhanced intracellular accumulation of the photosensitizer, leading to improved PDT efficacy and reduced toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.P.B.); Tel.: +216-844-4848 (X.W.); +216-983-3246 (J.P.B.); Fax: +216-844-4987 (X.W. & J.P.B.)
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-44, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-44, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.P.B.); Tel.: +216-844-4848 (X.W.); +216-983-3246 (J.P.B.); Fax: +216-844-4987 (X.W. & J.P.B.)
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11
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de Oliveira SA, Borges R, dos Santos Rosa D, de Souza ACS, Seabra AB, Baino F, Marchi J. Strategies for Cancer Treatment Based on Photonic Nanomedicine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061435. [PMID: 33809479 PMCID: PMC8001287 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are still the most effective clinical practice options. However, these treatments may display moderate to severe side effects caused by their low temporal or spatial resolution. In this sense, photonic nanomedicine therapies have been arising as an alternative to traditional cancer treatments since they display more control of temporal and spatial resolution, thereby yielding fewer side effects. In this work, we reviewed the challenge of current cancer treatments, using the PubMed and Web of Science database, focusing on the advances of three prominent therapies approached by photonic nanomedicine: (i) photothermal therapy; (ii) photodynamic therapy; (iii) photoresponsive drug delivery systems. These photonic nanomedicines act on the cancer cells through different mechanisms, such as hyperthermic effect and delivery of chemotherapeutics and species that cause oxidative stress. Furthermore, we covered the recent advances in materials science applied in photonic nanomedicine, highlighting the main classes of materials used in each therapy, their applications in the context of cancer treatment, as well as their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. Finally, although some photonic nanomedicines are undergoing clinical trials, their effectiveness in cancer treatment have already been highlighted by pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueli Aparecida de Oliveira
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (S.A.d.O.); (D.d.S.R.)
| | - Roger Borges
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (R.B.); (A.C.S.d.S.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Derval dos Santos Rosa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (S.A.d.O.); (D.d.S.R.)
| | - Ana Carolina Santos de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (R.B.); (A.C.S.d.S.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (R.B.); (A.C.S.d.S.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Francesco Baino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil; (R.B.); (A.C.S.d.S.); (A.B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3356-7588
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12
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Guernelli M, Menichetti A, Montalti M. Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2276. [PMID: 33212974 PMCID: PMC7698489 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Moreno Guernelli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (M.G.); (A.M.)
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
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13
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León D, Buchegger K, Silva R, Riquelme I, Viscarra T, Mora-Lagos B, Zanella L, Schafer F, Kurachi C, Roa JC, Ili C, Brebi P. Epigallocatechin Gallate Enhances MAL-PDT Cytotoxic Effect on PDT-Resistant Skin Cancer Squamous Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093327. [PMID: 32397263 PMCID: PMC7247423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to treat certain types of non-melanoma skin cancer with promising results. However, some skin lesions have not fully responded to this treatment, suggesting a potential PDT-resistant phenotype. Therefore, novel therapeutic alternatives must be identified that improve PDT in resistant skin cancer. In this study, we analyzed the cell viability, intracellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) content and subcellular localization, proliferation profile, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and relative gene expression in PDT-resistant HSC-1 cells. PDT-resistant HSC-1 cells show a low quantity of protoporphyrin IX and low levels of ROS, and thus a low rate of death cell. Furthermore, the resistant phenotype showed a downregulation of HSPB1, SLC15A2, FECH, SOD2 and an upregulation of HMBS and BIRC5 genes. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate catechin enhanced the MAL-PDT effect, increasing levels of protoporphyrin IX and ROS, and killing 100% of resistant cells. The resistant MAL-PDT model of skin cancer squamous cells (HSC-1) is a reliable and useful tool to understand PDT cytotoxicity and cellular response. These resistant cells were successfully sensitized with epigallocatechin gallate catechin. The in vitro epigallocatechin gallate catechin effect as an enhancer of MAL-PDT in resistant cells is promising in the treatment of difficult skin cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela León
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kurt Buchegger
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ramón Silva
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile; (R.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile; (R.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Tamara Viscarra
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Louise Zanella
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Fabiola Schafer
- Department of Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Carmen Ili
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (P.B.); Tel.: +56-45-2-596693 (C.I.); +56-45-2-596583 (P.B.)
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (D.L.); (K.B.); (T.V.); (B.M.-L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (P.B.); Tel.: +56-45-2-596693 (C.I.); +56-45-2-596583 (P.B.)
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Oleson BJ, Corbett JA. Can insulin secreting pancreatic β-cells provide novel insights into the metabolic regulation of the DNA damage response? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113907. [PMID: 32171728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is responsible for the control of whole-body glucose metabolism. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic β-cells in a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the serum level of glucose, glucose sensing and glucose oxidative metabolism. The regulation of intermediary metabolism in β-cells is unique as these cells oxidize glucose to CO2 on substrate supply while mitochondrial oxidative metabolism occurs on demand, for the production of intermediates or energy production, in most cell types. This review discusses recent findings that the regulation of intermediary metabolism by nitric oxide attenuates the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA damage-dependent apoptosis in a β-cell selective manner. Specific focus is placed on the mechanisms by which iNOS derived nitric oxide (low micromolar levels) regulates DDR activation via the inhibition of intermediary metabolism. The physiological significance of the association of metabolism, nitric oxide and DDR signaling for cancer biology and diabetes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndon J Oleson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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