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Rafie F, Khaksari M, Amiresmaili S, Soltani Z, Pourranjbar M, Shirazpour S, Jafari E. Protective effects of early exercise on neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity associated by traumatic brain injury: a behavioral and neurochemical approach. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:700-713. [PMID: 36379667 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benefits of exercise in TBI have been proven. However, the time-dependent effects of exercise initiation and the involved mechanisms are controversial. We investigated the effects of preconditioning, continuous, early, and delayed treadmill exercise on motor behavior, brain edema, inflammation, and oxidative stress in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 male rats were assigned into two groups: sedentary control (Sham and TBI) and exercise groups: 1MB (preconditioning, initiation beginning at 1 month before trauma), 1MBA (continuous, initiation beginning at 1 month before and continuing 1 month after trauma), 24hA (early, initiation beginning at 24 h after trauma), and 1WA (delay, initiation beginning at 1 week after trauma). The rats in exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill five days a week for 30 min per day. Rotarod and open file were used to assess motor behavior. ELISA was also used to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and CSF. RESULTS Exercise significantly decreased neurological impairments, motor deficits, and apoptosis compared with the sedentary group. Early (within 24 h) and ongoing (1 MBA) exercise significantly improved motor behavior after TBI. In addition, these exercise programs inhibited brain edema and the number of apoptotic cells. MDA and TNF-α levels increased in all exercise groups, but the effects were greater after early exercise than after delayed exercise, resulting in a significant decrease in TAC levels in serum and CSF. We discovered a positive correlation between MDA, TAC, and TNF-α concentration in serum and CSF. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that early exercise (24hA) and 1MBA groups afford neuroprotection and reduce the second injury consequence, probably by reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rafie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Shirazpour
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center and Department of pathology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Yuan H, Tian Y, Jiang R, Wang Y, Nie M, Li X, He Y, Liu X, Zhao R, Zhang J. Susceptibility to Hepatotoxic Drug-Induced Liver Injury Increased After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1425-1437. [PMID: 37265124 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The early stages of brain injury can induce acute liver injury, which can be recovered in the short term. Continued medication treatment during hospitalization for brain injury alleviates the prognosis and contributes to a high incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We hypothesize that there is an interaction between changes in the hepatic environment after brain injury and liver injury produced by intensive drug administration, leading to an upregulation of the organism's sensitivity to DILI. In this study, mice models of TBI were established by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and models of DILI were constructed by acetaminophen (APAP). All mice were divided into four groups: Sham, TBI, APAP, and TBI+APAP, and related liver injury indicators in liver and serum were detected by Western blot, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. The results suggested that liver injury induced in the early stages of brain injury recovered in 3 days, but this state could still significantly aggravate DILI, represented by higher liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress (increase in malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration and deregulation of glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activities), inflammatory response (activation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased messenger RNA [mRNA] and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay, upregulation of Bax protein and deregulation of Bcl-2 protein). In summary, our results suggested that TBI is a potential susceptibility factor for DILI and exacerbates DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Salari Z, Moslemizadeh A, Tezerji SS, Sabet N, Parizi AS, Khaksari M, Sheibani V, Jafari E, Shafieipour S, Bashiri H. Sex-dependent alterations of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and histopathology of the brain-gut axis in a VPA-induced autistic-like model of rats. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2310. [PMID: 38563145 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and histopathological consequences of the brain-gut axis in male and female rats prenatally exposed to VPA. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The animals received saline, and valproic acid (VPA) (600 mg/kg, i.p.) on embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). All offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21, and the experiments were done in male and female rats on day 60. The brain and intestine tissues were extracted to assess histopathology, inflammation, and oxidative stress. RESULTS An increase of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a decrease of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were observed in the two sexes and two tissues of the autistic rats. In the VPA-exposed animals, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) increased in the brain of both sexes and the intestines of only the males. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly decreased in both tissues of male and female autistic groups. Histopathological evaluation showed that the %apoptosis of the cortex in the autistic male and female groups was more than in controls whereas this parameter in the CA1 and CA3 was significant only in the male rats. In the intestine, histopathologic changes were seen only in the male autistic animals. CONCLUSION The inflammatory and antioxidant factors were in line in the brain-gut axis in male and female rats prenatally exposed to VPA. Histopathological consequences were more significant in the VPA-exposed male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salari
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sara Sheibani Tezerji
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center for Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nazanin Sabet
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Saeidpour Parizi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Shafieipour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Alizadeh E, Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M, Jafari E, Karamouzian S. The administration of oral mucosal mesenchymal-derived stem cells improves hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology following traumatic brain injury. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101950. [PMID: 37918577 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory mediators produced after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are reaching peripheral organs causing organ and tissue damage, including the liver. Our study assessed the effect of intravenous (i.v.) infusion of oral mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on TBI-induced liver damage by measuring liver inflammatory factors and liver oxidative stress. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) sham control; 2) TBI alone (TBI); 3) TBI vehicle (Veh)-control; and 4) TBI with OMSC treatment (SC). OMSCs were obtained from oral mucosa biopsies. OMSCs were administered and administered i.v. at 1 and 24 h after TBI. Within 48 h after TBI, multiple parameters were analyzed, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. RESULTS In comparison to sham controls, the TBI alone showed in liver significantly increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.001), and protein carbonyl (PC; P < 0.001). At the same time the TBI alone decreased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD; P < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC; P < 0.001), catalase (CAT; P < 0.001), and interleukin-10 (IL-10; P < 0.001). In comparison to the TBI alone group, the therapeutic group treated with i.v. infusion of OMSCs demonstrated significantly reduced changes of IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.01), MDA (P < 0.01), PC (P < 0.05), SOD (P < 0.001), TAC (P < 0.01), CAT (P < 0.01), and IL-10 (P < 0.01). Histopathological evaluation showed in TBI alone group that the total score of liver tissue injury included extensive hydropic degeneration, lobular necrosis, inflammation as well as central vein congestion with subendothelial hemorrhage increased compared the sham group (P < 0.001). Administration of OMSC showed significantly smaller increase in the injury score compared to the TBI alone group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Therapy with i.v. OMSCs administration after TBI reduces liver injury, as measured by inflammation and oxidative stress. The use of OMSCs can be considered for treatment of liver injury caused by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshagh Alizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sabet
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Karamouzian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Rajizadeh MA, Khaksari M, Bejeshk MA, Amirkhosravi L, Jafari E, Jamalpoor Z, Nezhadi A. The Role of Inhaled Estradiol and Myrtenol, Alone and in Combination, in Modulating Behavioral and Functional Outcomes Following Traumatic Experimental Brain Injury: Hemodynamic, Molecular, Histological and Behavioral Study. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:478-498. [PMID: 37100976 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important and growing cause of disability worldwide, and its cognitive consequences may be particularly significant. This study assessed the neuroprotective impacts of estradiol (E2), myrtenol (Myr), and the combination of the two on the neurological outcome, hemodynamic parameters, learning and memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K/AKT) signaling, and inflammatory and oxidative factors in the hippocampus after TBI. METHODS Eighty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups with seven rats in each (six groups to measure intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain water content, and veterinary coma scale, and six groups for behavioral and molecular studies): sham, TBI, TBI/vehicle, TBI/Myr, TBI/E2, and TBI/Myr + E2 (Myr 50 mg/kg and E2 33.3 μg/kg via inhalation for 30 min after TBI induction). Brain injury was induced by using Marmarou's method. Briefly, a 300-g weight was dropped down from a 2-m height through a free-falling tube onto the head of the anesthetized animals. RESULTS Veterinary coma scale, learning and memory, brain water content, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure were impaired following TBI, and inflammation and oxidative stress were raised in the hippocampus after TBI. The BDNF level and PI3K/AKT signaling were impaired due to TBI. Inhalation of Myr and E2 had protective effects against all negative consequences of TBI by decreasing brain edema and the hippocampal content of inflammatory and oxidant factors and also by improving BDNF and PI3K/AKT in the hippocampus. Based on these data, there were no differences between alone and combination administrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results propose that Myr and E2 have neuroprotective effects on cognition impairments due to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Pathology Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li Q, Zhao P, Wen Y, Zou Z, Qin X, Tan H, Gong J, Wu Q, Zheng C, Zhang K, Huang Q, Maegele M, Gu Z, Li L. POLYDATIN AMELIORATES TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY-INDUCED SECONDARY BRAIN INJURY BY INHIBITING NLRP3-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH SOD2 ACETYLATION. Shock 2023; 59:460-468. [PMID: 36477654 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of disease with high morbidity, mortality, and disability, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Research shows that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) activation in neurons and astrocytes is involved in neuroinflammatory cascades after TBI. What is more, polydatin (PD) has been shown to have a protective effect on TBI-induced neuroinflammation, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we speculated that PD could alleviate TBI-induced neuroinflammatory damage through the superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-NLRP3 signal pathway, and SOD2 might regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The model of lateral fluid percussion for in vivo and cell stretching injury for in vitro were established to mimic TBI. NLRP3 chemical inhibitor MCC950, SOD2 inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol, and PD were administered immediately after TBI. As a result, the expression of SOD2 acetylation (SOD2 Ac-K122), NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 were increased after TBI both in vivo and in vitro , and using SOD2 inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol significantly promoted SOD2 Ac-K122, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 expression, as well as exacerbated mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse in PC12 cells. However, using NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 significantly inhibited cleaved caspase-1 activation after TBI both in vivo and in vitro ; meanwhile, MCC950 inhibited mtROS accumulation and MMP collapse after TBI. More importantly, PD could inhibit the level of SOD2 Ac-K122, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 and promote the expression of SOD2 after TBI both in vivo and in vitro. Polydatin also inhibited mtROS accumulation and MMP collapse after stretching injury. These results indicated that PD inhibited SOD2 acetylation to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus acting a protective role against TBI neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - Hongping Tan
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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The Prescription of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells post-Traumatic Brain Injury Improved the Kidney and Heart Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8235961. [PMID: 36408281 PMCID: PMC9671733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8235961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as a useful strategy to treat many diseases such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). The production of inflammatory agents by TBI elicits an inflammatory response directed to other systems of body, such as the heart and the kidneys. In this study, the efficacy of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) prescription after TBI in inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidneys was evaluated. Methods Twenty-four male rats were located in groups as follows: sham, TBI, vehicle (Veh), and stem cell (SC). OMSCs were injected intravenously 1 and 24 hours after TBI. Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological outcomes of the heart and kidney tissues were investigated 48 hours after TBI. Results TBI caused an increase in the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl protein (PC) of the heart and kidney compared to the sham group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) of the heart and kidney decreased after TBI. The use of OMSCs after TBI reduced the changes of these factors in both the heart and the kidney. Conclusion Application of OMSCs after TBI can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidney tissues leading to the reduction of damage. Therefore, this method can be evaluated in the TBI patients in future studies.
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Moslemizadeh A, Nematollahi MH, Amiresmaili S, Faramarz S, Jafari E, Khaksari M, Rezaei N, Bashiri H, Kheirandish R. Combination therapy with interferon-gamma as a potential therapeutic medicine in rat's glioblastoma: A multi-mechanism evaluation. Life Sci 2022; 305:120744. [PMID: 35798069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of single or combined administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and interferon-gamma (IFN-ᵞ) on anxiety-like behaviors, balance disorders, learning and memory, TNF-α, IL-10, some oxidant and antioxidants factors with investigating the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and p-CREB signaling pathway in C6-induced glioblastoma of rats. METHODS 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats bearing intra-caudate nucleus (CN) culture medium or C6 inoculation were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Sham, Tumor, TMZ, IFN-ᵞ and a TMZ + IFN-ᵞ combination. The open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), rotarod, and passive avoidance test (PAT) were done on days 14-17. On day 17 after tumor implantation, brain tissues were extracted for histopathological evaluation. TNF-α, IL-10, SOD, GPX, TAC, MDA, the protein level of TLR4 and p-CREB was measured. RESULTS Combination therapy inhibited the growth of the tumor. Treatment groups alleviated tumor-induced anxiety-like behaviors and improved imbalance and memory impairment. SOD, GPX, and TAC decreased in the tumor group. The combination group augmented GPX and TAC. MDA decreased in treatment groups. TMZ, IFN-ᵞ reduced tumor-increased TNF-α and IL-10 level. The combination group declined TNF-α level in serum and IL-10 level in serum and brain. Glioblastoma induced significant upregulation of TLR4 and p-CREB in the brain which inhibited by IFN-ᵞ and TMZ+ IFN-ᵞ. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of TMZ, IFN-ᵞ, and TMZ+ IFN-ᵞ on neurocognitive functioning of rats with C6-induced glioblastoma may be mediated via modulating oxidative stress, reduced cytokines, and the downregulation of expression of TLR4 and p-CREB. Combination treatment appears to be more effective than single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Vaghebin R, Khalili M, Amiresmaili S, Namdar H, Javad Mousavi M. Treatment of traumatic brain injury from the viewpoint of Avicenna (Ibn Sina): A historical review. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Li Z, Bai H, Zhang R, Chen B, Wang J, Xue B, Ren X, Wang J, Jia Y, Zang W, Wang J, Chen X. Systematic analysis of critical genes and pathways identified a signature of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3991-4008. [PMID: 35560852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages sensory systems, producing chronic neuropathic pain that is resistant to medical treatment. The specific mechanisms underlying SCI-induced neuropathic pain (SCI-NP) remain unclear, and protein biomarkers have not yet been integrated into diagnostic screening. To better understand the host molecular pathways involved in SCI-NP, we used the bioinformatics method, the PubMed database, and bioinformatics methods to identify target genes and their associated pathways. We reviewed 2504 articles on the regulation of SCI-NP and used the text mining of PubMed database abstracts to determine associations among 12 pathways and networks. Based on this method, we identified two central genes in SCI-NP: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to build the SCI-NP models. The threshold for paw withdrawal was significantly reduced in the SCI group and TLR4 was activated in microglia after SCI. ELISA analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was significantly higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Western blot showed that expressions of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway protein increased dramatically in the SCI group. Using the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the pain threshold and expressions of inflammatory factors and proteins of the proteins of the inflammatory signal pathway were reversed, TLR4 in microglia was suppressed, suggesting that SCI-NP was related to neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we found TNF-α and IL-6 were the neuroinflammation-related genes involved in SCI-NP that can be alleviated by inhibiting the inflammatory pathway upstream of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefu Li
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Outpatient Surgery, Zhengzhou University Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Xue
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, the first affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Possible involvement of female sex steroid hormones in intracellular signal transduction mediated by cytokines following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:108-119. [PMID: 34838851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of female sex hormones on the level of intracellular molecules of cytokine signaling pathway after diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Female rats were divided into 10 groups: control, sham, TBI, Vehicle (oil), Vehicle E1 (33.3 µg/kg), E2 (1 mg / kg), P1 (1.7 mg/kg), P2 (8 mg / kg), E2 + P1. All drugs were injected 0.5 h after TBI. Brain edema and the brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, P-IκB, and SOCS-3 by immunohistochemistry measured at 24 h after TBI. RESULTS Increased brain edema after TBI was inhibited by different doses of estrogen, progesterone (P < 0.001), and E2 + P1 (P < 0.05). The brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα that increased after TBI was decreased only by E2 (P < 0.05). E2 and E2 + P1 have increased the SOCS-3 level after TBI (P < 0.05). Also, there was a difference between the E2 with E1 and two progesterone doses (P < 0.05). So that in all cases, the effects of E2 were more significant than the other groups. The target cells for these effects of E2 were microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that one of the probable mechanism(s) of estrogen anti-inflammatory effect after TBI is either reduction of p-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, p-NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα or increase in SOCS-3 molecules involved in the signaling pathway of inflammatory cytokines.
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Frozandeh F, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Amiresmaili S, AsadiKaram G, Shahrokhi N, Iranpour M. Evaluation of the protective effect of curcumin on encephalopathy caused by intrahepatic and extrahepatic damage in male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:760-766. [PMID: 34630953 PMCID: PMC8487601 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.53171.11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Along with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain damage, brain edema is the most common cause of death in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Curcumin can pass the blood-brain barrier and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study focuses on the curcumin protective effect on intrahepatic and extrahepatic damage in the brain. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-four male Albino N-Mary rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups: intrahepatic injury group and extrahepatic cholestasis group. In intra-hepatic injury group intrahepatic damage was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) [19] and included four subgroups: 1. Sham, 2. Acetaminophen (APAP), 3. Normal saline (Veh) which was used as curcumin solvent, and 4. Curcumin (CMN). In extrahepatic cholestasis group intrahepatic damage was caused by common bile duct litigation (BDL) and included four subgroups: 1. Sham, 2. BDL, 3. Vehicle (Veh), and 4. Curcumin (CMN). In both groups, 72 hr after induction of cholestasis, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, serum ammonia, and histopathological indicators were examined and ICP was measured every 24 hr for three days. Results: The results showed that curcumin reduced brain edema, ICP, serum ammonia, and blood-brain barrier permeability after extrahepatic and intrahepatic damage. The maximum effect of curcumin on ICP was observed 72 hr after the injection. Conclusion: According to our findings, it seems that curcumin is an effective therapeutic intervention for treating encephalopathy caused by extrahepatic and intrahepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Frozandeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza AsadiKaram
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nava Shahrokhi
- Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Amiresmaili S, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, AsadiKaram G, Aflatoonian MR, Shirazpour S, Amirkhosravi L, Mortazaeizadeh A. The Hepatoprotective mechanisms of 17β-estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats: Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:111987. [PMID: 33582408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective effects of estrogen (E2) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been determined. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of E2 after TBI through its receptors and oxidative stress regulation have been evaluated. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou method in male rats. G15, PHTPP, MPP, and ICI182-780 as selective antagonists of E2 were injected before TBI. The results indicated that TBI induces a significant increase in liver enzymes [Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Glutamyl transferase (GGT)], and oxidants levels [Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO)] and decreases in antioxidant biomarkers [Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in the brain and liver, and plasma. We also found that E2 significantly preserved levels of these biomarkers and enzymatic activity. All antagonists inhibited the effects of E2 on increasing SOD and GPx. Also, the effects of E2 on brain MDA levels were inhibited by all antagonists, but in the liver, only ICI + G15 + E2 + TBI group was affected. The impacts of E2 on brain and liver and plasma NO levels were inhibited by all antagonists. The current findings demonstrated that E2 probably improved liver injury after TBI by modulating oxidative stress. Also, both classic (ERβ, ERα) and non-classic [G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)] receptors are affected in the protective effects of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza AsadiKaram
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sara Shirazpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Mortazaeizadeh
- Researcher, Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Igarashi S, Nozu T, Ishioh M, Kumei S, Saito T, Toki Y, Hatayama M, Yamamoto M, Shindo M, Tanabe H, Okumura T. Centrally administered orexin prevents lipopolysaccharide and colchicine induced lethality via the vagal cholinergic pathway in a sepsis model in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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