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Abd-Elrahman KS, Colson TLL, Sarasija S, Ferguson SSG. A M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-specific positive allosteric modulator VU0486846 reduces neurogliosis in female Alzheimer's mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116388. [PMID: 38460371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, disproportionately affecting females, who make up nearly 60% of diagnosed cases. In AD patients, the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain triggers a neuroinflammatory response driven by neuroglia, worsening the condition. We have previously demonstrated that VU0486846, an orally available positive allosteric modulator (PAM) targeting M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, enhances cognitive function and reduces Aβ pathology in female APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice. However, it remained unclear whether these improvements were linked to a decrease in neuroglial activation. To investigate, we treated nine-month-old APP/PS1 and wildtype mice with VU0486846 for 8 weeks and analyzed brain slices for markers of microglial activation (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, Iba1) and astrocyte activation (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP). We find that VU0486846 reduces the presence of Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the hippocampus of female APP/PS1 mice and limits the recruitment of these cells to remaining Aβ plaques. This study sheds light on an additional mechanism through which novel M1 mAChR PAMs exhibit disease-modifying effects by reducing neuroglial activation and underscore the potential of these ligands for the treatment of AD, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Tash-Lynn L Colson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shaarika Sarasija
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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2
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He Q, Wang Y, Fang C, Feng Z, Yin M, Huang J, Ma Y, Mo Z. Advancing stroke therapy: A deep dive into early phase of ischemic stroke and recanalization. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14634. [PMID: 38379112 PMCID: PMC10879038 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, accounting for the majority of stroke events, significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality. Vascular recanalization therapies, namely intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, have emerged as critical interventions, yet their success hinges on timely application and patient-specific factors. This review focuses on the early phase pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke and the nuances of recanalization. It highlights the dual role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair, and the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in stroke outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on ischemia-reperfusion injury, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which paradoxically exacerbates cerebral damage post-revascularization. The review also explores the potential of targeting molecular pathways involved in BBB integrity and inflammation to enhance the efficacy of recanalization therapies. By synthesizing current research, this paper aims to provide insights into optimizing treatment protocols and developing adjuvant neuroprotective strategies, thereby advancing stroke therapy and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ziying Feng
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Juyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhizhun Mo
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalThe Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Puglisi-Allegra S, Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Giorgi FS, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Lithium engages autophagy for neuroprotection and neuroplasticity: translational evidence for therapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105148. [PMID: 36996994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Here an overview is provided on therapeutic/neuroprotective effects of Lithium (Li+) in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders focusing on the conspicuous action of Li+ through autophagy. The effects on the autophagy machinery remain the key molecular mechanisms to explain the protective effects of Li+ for neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and emphasizes a crossroad linking autophagy, neurodegenerative disorders, and mood stabilization. Sensitization by psychostimulants points to several mechanisms involved in psychopathology, most also crucial in neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence shows the involvement of autophagy and metabotropic Glutamate receptors-5 (mGluR5) in neurodegeneration due to methamphetamine neurotoxicity as well as in neuroprotection, both in vitro and in vivo models. More recently, Li+ was shown to modulate autophagy through its action on mGluR5, thus pointing to an additional way of autophagy engagement by Li+ and to a substantial role of mGluR5 in neuroprotection related to neural e neuropsychiatry diseases. We propose Li+ engagement of autophagy through the canonical mechanisms of autophagy machinery and through the intermediary of mGluR5.
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Mei X, Yin C, Pan Y, Chen L, Wu C, Li X, Feng Z. The role of ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog (EPG5) in DHPG-induced pain sensitization in mice. J Neurochem 2023; 165:196-210. [PMID: 36748629 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nociplastic pain is a severe health problem, while its mechanisms are still unclear. (R, S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) is a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist that can cause central sensitization, which plays a role in nociplastic pain. In this study, after intrathecal injection of 25 nmol DHPG for three consecutive days, whole proteins were extracted from the L4~6 lumbar spinal cord of mice 2 h after intrathecal administration on the third day for proteomics analysis. Based on the results, 15 down-regulated and 20 up-regulated proteins were identified in mice. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB) revealed that the expression of ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog (EPG5) mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated compared with the control group, which was consistent with the proteomics results. Originally identified in the genetic screening of Caenorhabditis elegans, EPG5 is mainly involved in regulating autophagy in the body, and in our study, it was mainly expressed in spinal neurons, as revealed by immunohistochemistry staining. After the intrathecal injection of 8 μL adeno-associated virus (AAV)-EPG5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down spinal EPG5, the hyperalgesia caused by DHPG was relieved. Altogether, these results suggest that EPG5 plays an important role in DHPG-induced pain sensitization in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Mei
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Pan
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Budgett RF, Bakker G, Sergeev E, Bennett KA, Bradley SJ. Targeting the Type 5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893422. [PMID: 35645791 PMCID: PMC9130574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. In preclinical neurodegenerative disease models, novel allosteric modulators have been shown to improve cognitive performance and reduce disease-related pathology. A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is a chronic neuroinflammatory response, involving glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Since mGlu5 is expressed in astrocytes, targeting this receptor could provide a potential mechanism by which neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegenerative disease may be modulated. This review will discuss current evidence that highlights the potential of mGlu5 allosteric modulators to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, this review will explore the role of mGlu5 in neuroinflammatory responses, and the potential for this G protein-coupled receptor to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Budgett
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sophie J Bradley
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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VGLUT3 Ablation Differentially Modulates Glutamate Receptor Densities in Mouse Brain. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0041-22.2022. [PMID: 35443989 PMCID: PMC9087739 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0041-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT3) represents a unique modulator of glutamate release from both nonglutamatergic and glutamatergic varicosities within the brain. Despite its limited abundance, VGLUT3 is vital for the regulation of glutamate signaling and, therefore, modulates the activity of various brain microcircuits. However, little is known about how glutamate receptors are regulated by VGLUT3 across different brain regions. Here, we used VGLUT3 constitutive knock-out (VGLUT3-/-) mice and explored how VGLUT3 deletion influences total and cell surface expression of different ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. VGLUT3 deletion upregulated the overall expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR5 and mGluR2/3 in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, no change in the total expression of ionotropic NMDAR glutamate receptors were observed in the cerebral cortex of VGLUT3-/- mice. We noted significant reduction in cell surface levels of mGluR5, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, as well as reductions in dopaminergic D1 receptors and muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus of VGLUT3-/- mice. Furthermore, mGluR2/3 total expression and mGluR5 cell surface levels were elevated in the striatum of VGLUT3-/- mice. Last, AMPAR subunit GluA1 was significantly upregulated throughout cortical, hippocampal, and striatal brain regions of VGLUT3-/- mice. Together, these findings complement and further support the evidence that VGLUT3 dynamically regulates glutamate receptor densities in several brain regions. These results suggest that VGLUT3 may play an intricate role in shaping glutamatergic signaling and plasticity in several brain areas.
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Azam S, Jakaria M, Kim J, Ahn J, Kim IS, Choi DK. Group I mGluRs in Therapy and Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease: Focus on mGluR5 Subtype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040864. [PMID: 35453614 PMCID: PMC9032558 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs; members of class C G-protein-coupled receptors) have been shown to modulate excitatory neurotransmission, regulate presynaptic extracellular glutamate levels, and modulate postsynaptic ion channels on dendritic spines. mGluRs were found to activate myriad signalling pathways to regulate synapse formation, long-term potentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. A notorious expression pattern of mGluRs has been evident in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and schizophrenia. Among the several mGluRs, mGluR5 is one of the most investigated types of considered prospective therapeutic targets and potential diagnostic tools in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research showed mGluR5 radioligands could be a potential tool to assess neurodegenerative disease progression and trace respective drugs’ kinetic properties. This article provides insight into the group I mGluRs, specifically mGluR5, in the progression and possible therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Md. Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - JoonSoo Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3905 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3905 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
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8
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Liedtke M, Völkner C, Hermann A, Frech MJ. Impact of Organelle Transport Deficits on Mitophagy and Autophagy in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Cells 2022; 11:507. [PMID: 35159316 PMCID: PMC8833886 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective mitochondria are pathophysiological features of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of the rare lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick disease type C1 and type C2 (NP-C1 and NP-C2). Mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 gene lead to cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in impaired cholesterol homeostasis. The extent to which this may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction has been poorly studied so far. Therefore, we investigated the morphology, function, and transport of mitochondria, as well as their degradation via mitophagy, in a disease-associated human neural cell model of NP-C. By performing live cell imaging, we observed markedly reduced mitochondrial transport, although morphology and function were not appreciably altered. However, we observed a defective mitophagy induction shown by a reduced capability to elevate parkin expression and engulf mitochondria in autophagosomes after treatment with carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). This was accompanied by defects in autophagy induction, exhibited by a hampered p62 expression and progression, shown by increased LC3BII levels and a defective fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The latter might have been additionally influenced by the observed reduced lysosomal transport. Hence, we hypothesized that a reduced recycling of mitochondria contributes to the pathophysiology of NP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Liedtke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.L.); (C.V.); (A.H.)
| | - Christin Völkner
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.L.); (C.V.); (A.H.)
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.L.); (C.V.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (M.L.); (C.V.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Solés-Tarrés I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Alberch J, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Protects Striatal Cells and Improves Motor Function in Huntington’s Disease Models: Role of PAC1 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797541. [PMID: 35153755 PMCID: PMC8832515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt). One of the main features of HD is the degeneration of the striatum that leads to motor discoordination. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that acts through three receptors named PAC1R, VPAC1R, and VPAC2R. In the present study, we first investigated the effect of PACAP on STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells that express wild-type Htt with 7 and mHtt with 111 glutamines, respectively. Then we explored the capacity of PACAP to rescue motor symptoms in the R6/1, a murine model of HD. We found that PACAP treatment (10–7 M) for 24 h protects STHdhQ111/Q111 cells from mHtt-induced apoptosis. This effect is associated with an increase in PAC1R transcription, phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, and an increase of intracellular c-fos, egr1, CBP, and BDNF protein content. Moreover, the use of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of ERK and Akt mediates these antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects of PACAP. To find out PAC1R implication, we treated STHdh cells with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which exhibits equal affinity for VPAC1R and VPAC2R, but lower affinity for PAC1R, in contrast to PACAP which has same affinity for the three receptors. VIP reduced cleaved caspase-3 protein level, without promoting the expression of c-fos, egr1, CBP, and the neurotrophin BDNF. We next measured the protein level of PACAP receptors in the striatum and cortex of R6/1 mice. We observed a specific reduction of PAC1R at the onset of motor symptoms. Importantly, the intranasal administration of PACAP to R6/1 animals restored the motor function and increased the striatal levels of PAC1R, CBP, and BDNF. In conclusion, PACAP exerts antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects in striatal neurons mainly through PAC1R. This effect in HD striatum allows the recovery of motor function and point out PAC1R as a therapeutic target for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Xavier Xifró,
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Zhu X, Wang Z, Sun YE, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ma B, Cheng L. Neuroprotective Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Donors on Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:768711. [PMID: 35087378 PMCID: PMC8787356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.768711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused by an external force, leading to severe dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. The inflammatory response plays a vital role in the prognosis of SCI. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) transplantation can promote repair of SCI by reducing the inflammatory response. We previously showed that hUCMSCs from 32 donors had different inhibitory abilities on BV2 cell proliferation. In this study, three experimental groups were established, and the mice were injected with different lines of hUCMSCs. Hind limb motor function, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot (WB), qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and RNA sequencing and correlation analysis were used to investigate the effects of hUCMSC transplantation on SCI mice and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the therapeutic effects of the three hUCMSC lines were positively correlated with their inhibitory abilities of BV2 cell proliferation rates in vitro. The MSC_A line had a better therapeutic effect on improving the hind limb motor function and greater effect on reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and increasing the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN). Differentially expressed genes including Zbtb16, Per3, and Hif3a were probably the key genes involved in the protective mechanism by MSC_A after nerve injury. qRT-PCR results further verified that Zbtb16, Per3, and Hif3a expressions reduced by SCI could be reversed by MSC_A application. These results suggest that the effect of hUCMSCs transplantation on acute SCI depends on their inhibitory abilities to inflammation reaction after nerve injury, which may help to shape future use of hUCMSCs combined with improving the effectiveness of clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bei Ma,
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Liming Cheng,
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Zhang X, Wang J, Ran R, Peng Y, Xiao Y. FSC231 alleviates paclitaxel-induced neuralgia by inhibiting the interactions between PICK1 and GluA2 and activates GSK-3β and ERK1/2. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2380. [PMID: 34582111 PMCID: PMC8613442 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FSC231, a PSD-95/DLG/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain inhibitor of protein kinase Cα interacting protein 1 (PICK1), has analgesic effects, but the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS The expression level of PICK1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats was changed by vector plasmid, and the effect of PICK1 on paclitaxel (PTL)-induced neuralgia of rats was observed in collaboration with FSC231 treatment. The possible molecular mechanisms were explored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western Blot and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) techniques. RESULTS PTL treatment can significantly reduce mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), shorten thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), promote DRG inflammation and release of substance P (SP), stimulate PICK1 expression, decrease α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor 2 (AMPAR, GluA2) level and increase glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in rats, while FSC231 treatment can alleviate the above effects induced by PTL. Overexpression of PICK1 can counteract reduced PICK1 level, increased GluA2 level and decreased GSK-3β and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels caused by FSC231 treatment. The results of Co-IP confirmed the interactions between PICK1 and GluA2. Both FSC231 treatment and silent PICK1 improved PTL-induced MWT reduction, TWL shortening, inflammation, SP release and related gene expression changes, with cumulative effect. CONCLUSION FSC231 activates GSK-3β/ERK1/2 by inhibiting the interaction between PICK1 and GluA2 and alleviates PTL-induced DRG neuralgia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P. R. China
| | - Jiagao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P. R. China
| | - Ran Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P. R. China
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Abstract
This research revealed that 15 modules were obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), among which the magenta and blue modules were significantly associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). There were 121 genes in the magenta module, and 1022 genes in the blue module. Through the differently expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, significant differences were shown in 134 genes (88 were up-regulated and 46 were down-regulated). 34 immune-key genes were obtained after 3 types of genes were crossed. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in cytokine receptor activity, immune receptor activity, and integrin family cell surface interactions. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, 10 hub genes were obtained: SERPINE1, ZBTB16, CD44, BCL6, HMOX1, SLC11A1, CEACAM8, ITGA5, SOCS3, and IL4R. Through immune-infiltration analysis, significant differences were demonstrated in 4 immune cells: CD8+ T cells, resting NK cells, M2 macrophages and activated dendritic cells, and a significant positive correlation was shown between CD8+ T cells and macrophages M2, or between resting NK cells and activated dendritic cells. CEACAM8 was positively correlated with CD8+ T cells and macrophages M2, and negatively correlated with activated dendritic cells and resting NK cells while the other 9 genes showed the opposite. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that both the differential immune cells and 10 hub genes had good diagnostic values. In GSE122063, the hub genes were verified and BCL6, CD44, HMOX1, IL4R, ITGA5 and SOCS3 were up-regulated. Meanwhile, the expression of hub genes was up-regulated in the brain tissues of AD rats. This study is of great significance for the diagnosis and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shunli Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Ferguson SSG. Noncanonical Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:235-254. [PMID: 34516293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-021821-091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is ubiquitously expressed in brain regions responsible for memory and learning. It plays a key role in modulating rapid changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity. mGluR5 supports long-term changes in synaptic strength by regulating the transcription and translation of essential synaptic proteins. β-Amyloid 42 (Aβ42) oligomers interact with a mGluR5/cellular prion protein (PrPC) complex to disrupt physiological mGluR5 signal transduction. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and associated synaptic failure are considered an emerging pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, mGluR5 represents an attractive therapeutic target for AD, and recent studies continue to validate the efficacy of various mGluR5 allosteric modulators in improving memory deficits and mitigating disease pathology. However, sex-specific differences in the pharmacology of mGluR5 and activation of noncanonical signaling downstream of the receptor suggest that its utility as a therapeutic target in female AD patients needs to be reconsidered. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; email
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada;
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Li SH, Colson TLL, Abd-Elrahman KS, Ferguson SS. mGluR2/3 Activation Improves Motor Performance and Reduces Pathology in heterozygous zQ175 Huntington's Disease Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:74-84. [PMID: 34330748 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive motor impairment with no available disease-modifying treatments. Current evidence indicates that exacerbated postsynaptic glutamate signaling in the striatum plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HD. However, it remains unclear whether reducing glutamate release can be an effective approach to slow the progression of HD. Here, we show that the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 3 (mGluR2/3), which inhibit presynaptic glutamate release, improves HD symptoms and pathology in heterozygous zQ175 knock-in mice. Treatment of both male and female zQ175 mice with the potent and selective mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 for either 4 or 8 weeks improves both limb coordination and locomotor function in all mice. LY379268 also reduces mutant huntingtin aggregate formation, neuronal cell death, and microglia activation in the striatum of both male and female zQ175 mice. The reduction in mutant huntingtin protein correlates with the activation of a GSK3β-dependent autophagy pathway in male, but not female, zQ175 mice. Furthermore, LY379268 reduces both Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in male zQ175 mice but increases both Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in female zQ175 mice. Taken together, our results indicate that mGluR2/3 activation mitigates HD neuropathology in both male and female mice but is associated with the differential activation and inactivation of cell signaling pathways in heterozygous male and female zQ175 mice. This further highlights the need to take sex into consideration when developing future HD therapeutics. Significance Statement The mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 improves motor impairments and reduces pathology in male and female zQ175 Huntington's mice. The beneficial outcomes of LY379268 treatment in Huntington's mice were mediated by divergent cell signalling pathways in both sexes. We provide evidence that mGluR2/3 agonists can be repurposed for the treatment of Huntington's disease and we emphasize the importance of investigating sex as a biological variable in preclinical disease modifying studies.
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