Inhibition of Pim-2 kinase by LT-171-861 promotes DNA damage and exhibits enhanced lethal effects with PARP inhibitor in multiple myeloma

The Interplay between the DNA Damage Response (DDR) Network and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma

The DNA damage response (DDR) network and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are crucial mechanisms for the survival of all living beings. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that there is crosstalk between these two systems, thus favoring the appropriate functioning of multi-cellular organisms. On the other hand, aberrations within these mechanisms are thought to play a vital role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, as well as in the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding alterations in the DDR machinery and the MAPK signaling pathway as well as abnormalities in the DDR/MAPK functional crosstalk in multiple myeloma, the second most common hematologic malignancy. We also present the latest advances in the development of anti-myeloma drugs targeting crucial DDR- and MAPK-associated molecular components. These data could potentially be exploited to discover new therapeutic targets and effective biomarkers as well as for the design of novel clinical trials. Interestingly, they might provide a new approach to increase the efficacy of anti-myeloma therapy by combining drugs targeting the DDR network and the MAPK signaling pathway.

Targeting PIM kinases in cancer therapy: An update on pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors

PIM kinases, a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms, has been well-known to participate in multiple physiological processes by phosphorylating various downstream targets. Accumulating evidence has recently unveiled that aberrant upregulation of PIM kinases (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) are closely associated with tumor cell proliferation, migration, survival, and even resistance. Inhibiting or silencing of PIM kinases has been reported have remarkable antitumor effects, such as anti-proliferation, pro-apoptosis and resensitivity, indicating the therapeutic potential of PIM kinases as potential druggable targets in many types of human cancers. More recently, several pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors have been preclinically and clinically evaluated and showed their therapeutic potential; however, none of them has been approved for clinical application so far. Thus, in this perspective, we focus on summarizing the oncogenic roles of PIM kinases, key signaling network, and pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors, which will provide a new clue on discovering more candidate antitumor drugs targeting PIM kinases in the future.

PIM2 kinase regulates the expression of TIGIT and energy metabolism on NK cell in multiple myeloma patients.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2159151/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

Background: PIM2 kinase play a vital role in the generation of plasma cell and bone loss in multiple myeloma(MM), which highly related to the tumor progression and as a potential therapy target in MM. In immune cell,PIM2 kinase involved in the regulation of lymphocyte like T cell and B cell, However, its role in NK cells remains unclear. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data were analysed the expression of PIM2 kinase in NK cells from MM patients and healthy donors.Immune checkpoint expression, cell apoptosis, and NK cell function had been evaluated through flow cytometry.Then, NCBI, UCSC, JASPAR and GEPIA database were used to predict promoter of TIGIT.NK-92 cells with ETS-1 knockdown were established by using sh-RNA. Kinase functional assay (ADP-Glo) were used to confirm PIM2 inhibitor from 160 kinds of natural flavonoids compound.Samples treated with or without drugs were analyzed using mass spectrometry and RNA-seq. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were measured by assay kit. Result: The PIM2 kinase was highly expressed in the NK cells from MM patients based on single-cell sequencing analysis and confirmed in clinical sample by PCR and flow cytometry.Inhibition of PIM2 kinase can increase the function of NK cells and down regulation TIGIT expression. Mechanism, we confirmed that ETS-1 which was directly binding to the promoter of TIGIT was up-regulated by PIM2 kinase, which can lead the strengthened transcription of TIGIT on NK cells.Furthermore, two novel natural flavonoids compound named Kaempferol and Quercetin dihydrate as PIM2 kinase inhibitors exhibiting higher efficiency at low dose in MM cells,while influence the expression of TIGIT and energy metabolism on NK-92 cells. For in vitro experiment,PIM2 kinase inhibitors can activate NK cell killing function and decrease TIGIT expression,while promoted the apoptosis of MM cells irrespective of adding BMSCs or not in co-culture systems BMSCs. Conclusion: PIM2 kinase involved in the regulation of NK cell.Inhibiting PIM2 kinase could down-regulate the expression of TIGIT and improve energy metabolism to enhance NK cell anti myeloma cell.