1
|
Hernández-Guadarrama A, Díaz-Román MA, Linzaga-Elizalde I, Domínguez-Mendoza BE, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB. In Silico Analysis: Anti-Inflammatory and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of New α-Methylene-γ-Lactams. Molecules 2024; 29:1973. [PMID: 38731463 PMCID: PMC11085531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The research about α-methylene-γ-lactams is scarce; however, their synthesis has emerged in recent years mainly because they are isosters of α-methylene-γ-lactones. This last kind of compound is structurally most common in some natural products' nuclei, like sesquiterpene lactones that show biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, etc., effects. In this work, seven α-methylene-γ-lactams were evaluated by their inflammation and α-glucosidase inhibition. Thus, compounds 3-methylene-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (1), 3-methylene-4-(p-tolyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (2), 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (3), 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (4), 5-ethyl-3-methylene-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (5), 5-ethyl-3-methylene-4-(p-tolyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (6) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (7) were evaluated via in vitro α-glucosidase assay at 1 mM concentration. From this analysis, 7 exerts the best inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase compared with the vehicle, but it shows a low potency compared with the reference drug at the same dose. On the other side, inflammation edema was induced using TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) on mouse ears; compounds 1-7 were tested at 10 µg/ear dose. As a result, 1, 3, and 5 show a better inhibition than indomethacin, at the same doses. This is a preliminary report about the biological activity of these new α-methylene-γ-lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (A.H.-G.); (M.A.D.-R.); (I.L.-E.); (B.E.D.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frattaruolo L, Durante M, Cappello MS, Montefusco A, Mita G, Cappello AR, Lenucci MS. The ability of supercritical CO 2 carrot and pumpkin extracts to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS or MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned media. Food Funct 2023; 14:10083-10096. [PMID: 37870074 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SFE) is an alternative technology to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), to obtain food-grade bioactives from plants. Here, SFE and CSE extracts from carrot and pumpkin matrices, impregnated with hempseed or flaxseed oil as co-solvents, were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS, and their ability to counteract the inflammatory and oxidative phenomena underlying the onset of several pathologies was assessed in vitro. All extracts showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory potential and demonstrated an ability to interfere with the pro-inflammatory effects of breast cancer cell-conditioned media, and to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nitrite production (NP) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in these response mechanisms, as highlighted by the increased mRNA levels of its target genes revealed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. NP and ROS concentrations negatively correlated with α-tocopherol and most carotenoids, but positively with the total tocopherol/total carotenoid ratio, suggesting an idiosyncratic effect of these bioactives on cell responses and emphasizing the need to focus on extract constituents' interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salin AV, Shabanov AA, Khayarov KR, Nugmanov RI, Islamov DR. Stereoelectronic Effect in the Reaction of α-Methylene Lactones with Tertiary Phosphines and Its Application in Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11954-11967. [PMID: 37540578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic data indicate that the addition of tertiary phosphines to α-methylene lactones in acetic acid is strongly accelerated in comparison to the reactions of related open-chain esters. Six-membered α-methylene-δ-valerolactone exhibited a more pronounced rate increase than five-membered α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. The use of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactam as a nitrogen analogue of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone resulted in a total loss of the reaction acceleration. The observed reactivities were rationalized by DFT calculations at the RwB97XD/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, showing that the intramolecular interaction between phosphonium and enolate oxygen centers provided by the locked s-cis-geometry of the heterocycles plays an important role in the stabilization of intermediate zwitterions. The reactivity is also controlled by the conformational flexibility of the heterocycle. The geometries of five-membered and, especially, six-membered lactone cycles are slightly changed upon the nucleophilic attack of phosphine, leading to the stabilizing stereoelectronic effect by the Ρ···Ο interaction. The addition of phosphine to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactam significantly distorts the initial geometry of the heterocycle, making the nucleophilic attack unfavorable. The application of the stereoelectronic effect to enhance the efficiency of the phosphine-catalyzed Michael and Pudovik reactions of α-methylene lactones was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Salin
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Shabanov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R Khayarov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ramil I Nugmanov
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, Kremlevskaya Street 31, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brindisi M, Frattaruolo L, Fiorillo M, Dolce V, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Cappello AR. New insights into cholesterol-mediated ERRα activation in breast cancer progression and pro-tumoral microenvironment orchestration. FEBS J 2023; 290:1481-1501. [PMID: 36237175 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the greatest cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Its aggressiveness and progression derive from intricate processes that occur simultaneously both within the tumour itself and in the neighbouring cells that make up its microenvironment. The aim of the present work was firstly to study how elevated cholesterol levels increase tumour aggressiveness. Herein, we demonstrate that cholesterol, by activating ERRα pathway, promotes epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) as well as the release of pro-inflammatory factors able to orchestrate the tumour microenvironment. A further objective of this work was to study the close symbiosis between tumour cells and the microenvironment. Our results allow us to highlight, for the first time, that breast cancer cells exposed to high cholesterol levels promote (a) greater macrophages infiltration with induction of an M2 phenotype, (b) angiogenesis and endothelial branching, as well as (c) a cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) phenotype. The effects observed could be due to direct activation of the ERRα pathway by high cholesterol levels, since the simultaneous inhibition of this pathway subverts such effects. Overall, these findings enable us to identify the cholesterol-ERRα synergy as an interesting target for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CD44-targeted nanoparticles with GSH-responsive activity as powerful therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1491-1503. [PMID: 36130642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DOX-loaded nanoparticles able to actively target CD44-receptors and respond to redox stimuli were proposed as non-conventional chemotherapeutic strategy in breast cancer. A covalent conjugate of human serum albumin and hyaluronic acid was prepared and assembled by a GSH-mediated desolvation in disulfide-crosslinked solid nanoparticles with mean diameter of 120 nm ± 3.4. The effective internalization of nanoparticles in cancer cells via CD44-receptors, together with the more efficient intracellular release, resulted in a significant increase of drug efficacy, with IC50 reduced from 0.9959 and 2.516 μg mL-1 to 0.4014 and 0.3094 μg mL-1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Conversely, no enhancement in drug toxicity was recorded in healthy MCF-10A cells. The efficacy of the proposed formulation was further investigated in the different biological steps involved in metastasis process, paving the way for further in vivo experiments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Curcio M, Brindisi M, Cirillo G, Frattaruolo L, Leggio A, Rago V, Nicoletta FP, Cappello AR, Iemma F. Smart Lipid-Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042386. [PMID: 35216501 PMCID: PMC8876040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, actively-targeted (CD44-receptors) and dual stimuli (pH/redox)-responsive lipid–polymer nanoparticles were proposed as a delivery vehicle of doxorubicin hydrochloride in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. A phosphatidylcholine lipid film was hydrated with a solution of oxidized hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin, chosen as model drug, followed by a crosslinking reaction with cystamine hydrochloride. The obtained spherical nanoparticles (mean diameter of 30 nm) were found to be efficiently internalized in cancer cells by a receptor-mediated endocytosis process, and to modulate the drug release depending on the pH and redox potential of the surrounding medium. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the nanoparticles in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of the free anticancer drug, with the IC50 values being reduced by two and three times in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. The combination of self-assembled phospholipid molecules with a polysaccharide counterpart acting as receptor ligand, and stimuli-responsive chemical moieties, was carried out on smart multifunctional nanoparticles able to actively target breast cancer cells and improve the in vitro anticancer activity of doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|