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Poursani E, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Vittorio O, De Luca M, Leggio A, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F. Dual-responsive chondroitin sulfate self-assembling nanoparticles for combination therapy in metastatic cancer cells. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100235. [PMID: 38486882 PMCID: PMC10937311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed self-assembling nanoparticles (LCPs) able to trigger the release of Chlorambucil (Chl) and Doxorubicin (DOX) to MDA-MB-231 cells by exploiting the enzyme and redox signals. The DOX loaded LCPs was prepared by the self-assembly of two chondroitin sulphate (CS) derivatives, obtained by the covalent conjugation of Lipoic Acid (LA) and Chlorambucil (Chl) to the CS backbone. After the physic-chemical characterization of the conjugates by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and determination of the critical aggregation concentration, spherical nanoparticles with mean hydrodynamic diameter of 45 nm (P.D.I. 0.24) and Z-potential of - 44 mV were obtained by water addition/solvent evaporation method. In vitro experiments for the release of Chl and DOX were performed in healthy and cancer cells, using a cell culture media to maintain the physiological intracellular conditions (pH 7.4) (and concentration of esterase and GSH. The results allowed the selective release of the payloads to be detected: Chl release of 0 and 41% were obtained after 2 h incubation in normal and in cancer cells respectively, while values of 35 (in healthy cells) and 60% (in cancer cells) were recorded for DOX release after 96 h. Finally, viability studies proved the ability of the newly proposed nanosystem to enhance the cytotoxic activity of the two drugs against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Poursani
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- School of Biomedical Science, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
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2
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Cavallaro PA, De Santo M, Greco M, Marinaro R, Belsito EL, Liguori A, Leggio A. Titanium Tetrachloride-Assisted Direct Esterification of Carboxylic Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:777. [PMID: 38398529 PMCID: PMC10892408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ester compounds, widely found in pharmaceutical and natural products, play a crucial role in organic synthesis, prompting the development of numerous methods for their synthesis. An important chemical approach in synthesizing esters from carboxylic acids involves the activation of the carboxyl function, requiring the conversion of the hydroxyl group into a suitable leaving group. This paper presents the findings of our investigations into an efficient method for producing esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols, using the Lewis acid titanium tetrachloride. Titanium tetrachloride has proven highly effective as a coupling reagent for the one-pot formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols operating under mild and neutral conditions. Notably, the reaction eliminates the need for bases, yielding carboxylic esters in high purity and yields. The method is efficient, even with long-chain carboxylic acids, and operates well with primary alcohols in dichloromethane. Steric hindrance, potentially present in carboxylic acids, has a moderate effect on the reaction. Alcohol substrates that easily form stable carbocations require, instead, the use of non-polar solvents like hexane for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (E.L.B.); (A.L.)
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3
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Sicari V, Tundis R, Romeo R, Reitano A, Belsito EL, Leggio A, Loizzo MR. Evaluation of the Shelf life of Ready-to-Eat Fresh Bamboo Sprouts ( Phyllostachys edulis) Packaged in a Modified Atmosphere or Vacuum: A Comparative Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:185. [PMID: 38397783 PMCID: PMC10885971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the consumption of bamboo sprouts (Phyllostacys edulis) has increased because they are considered a "superfood". However, this product is characterized by a short shelf life due to the deterioration in quality parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of two modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems (MAP1: 2% O2, 5% CO2, 93% N2 and MAP2: 3% O2, 7% CO2, 90% N2) to fresh-shelled ready-to-eat bamboo sprouts and compare these packaging systems with vacuum packaging during storage for 28 days at 4 °C using heat-sealable polyamide and polyethylene (PA/PE) trays. Several chemical-physical parameters (moisture content, water activity, pH, headspace composition, and firmness) were monitored, as well as CIELab colorimetric parameters and microbial growth. The quantification of selected organic acids was performed via UHPLC. Mathematical kinetic models were applied to study the evolution of total phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and carotenoid content (TCC) during storage. The evolution of antioxidant potential investigated by ABTS, DPPH, and β-carotene bleaching tests was also assessed. Results showed that at the end of the storage period, significant variations in the colorimetric parameters are detectable between the sprouts apical portion and the basal one, regardless of both applied MAPs. A linear reduction in both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was evidenced during storage, regardless of the type of packaging applied. In DPPH test samples packaged in MAP after 28 days of storage, they retain good antioxidant activity, whereas in vacuum, this activity is reduced by 50% compared to the initial value (IC50 values from 24.77 to 32.74 μg/mL and from 24.77 to 71.12 μg/mL for MAP2 and vacuum, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sicari
- Department of Agraria, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, Cittadella Universitaria, Località Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; (V.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.T.); (E.L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Rosa Romeo
- Department of Agraria, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, Cittadella Universitaria, Località Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; (V.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Antonella Reitano
- Department of Business and Legal Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.T.); (E.L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.T.); (E.L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.T.); (E.L.B.); (A.L.)
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4
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Cavallaro PA, De Santo M, Belsito EL, Longobucco C, Curcio M, Morelli C, Pasqua L, Leggio A. Peptides Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Applications in Tumor Imaging and Delivery of Chemotherapeutics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2476. [PMID: 37686984 PMCID: PMC10490457 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common cancer type and one of the major leading causes of death in the female worldwide population. Overexpression of HER2, a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is also the primary driver for tumor detection and progression and, in addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer, HER2 is a widely known therapeutic target for drug development. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the main approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer proposed in the literature over the past decade. We focused on the different targeting strategies involving antibodies and peptides that have been explored with their relative outcomes and current limitations that need to be improved. The review also encompasses a discussion on targeted peptides acting as probes for molecular imaging. By using different types of HER2-targeting strategies, nanotechnology promises to overcome some of the current clinical challenges by developing novel HER2-guided nanosystems suitable as powerful tools in breast cancer imaging, targeting, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Alessia Cavallaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marzia De Santo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Camilla Longobucco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
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5
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Grisolia A, Dell'Olio G, Spadafora A, De Santo M, Morelli C, Leggio A, Pasqua L. Hybrid Polymer-Silica Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Remediation. Molecules 2023; 28:5105. [PMID: 37446768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ever-growing global population, it is necessary to develop highly effective processes that minimize the impact of human activities and consumption on the environment. The levels of organic and inorganic contaminants have rapidly increased in recent years, posing a threat to ecosystems. Removing these toxic pollutants from the environment is a challenging task that requires physical, chemical, and biological methods. An effective solution involves the use of novel engineered materials, such as silica-based nanostructured materials, which exhibit a high removal capacity for various pollutants. The starting materials are also thermally and mechanically stable, allowing for easy design and development at the nanoscale through versatile functionalization procedures, enabling their effective use in pollutant capture. However, improvements concerning mechanical properties or applicability for repeated cycles may be required to refine their structural features. This review focuses on hybrid/composite polymer-silica nanostructured materials. The state of the art in nanomaterial synthesis, different techniques of functionalization, and polymer grafting are described. Furthermore, it explores the application of polymer-modified nanostructured materials for the capture of heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons and petroleum derivatives, drugs, and other organic compounds. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for future research aimed at advancing the application of polymer-silica nanostructured materials in the efficiency of pollutant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Grisolia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gianluca Dell'Olio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Angelica Spadafora
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marzia De Santo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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6
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Curcio M, Brindisi M, Cirillo G, Frattaruolo L, Leggio A, Rago V, Nicoletta FP, Cappello AR, Iemma F. Smart Lipid-Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042386. [PMID: 35216501 PMCID: PMC8876040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, actively-targeted (CD44-receptors) and dual stimuli (pH/redox)-responsive lipid–polymer nanoparticles were proposed as a delivery vehicle of doxorubicin hydrochloride in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. A phosphatidylcholine lipid film was hydrated with a solution of oxidized hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin, chosen as model drug, followed by a crosslinking reaction with cystamine hydrochloride. The obtained spherical nanoparticles (mean diameter of 30 nm) were found to be efficiently internalized in cancer cells by a receptor-mediated endocytosis process, and to modulate the drug release depending on the pH and redox potential of the surrounding medium. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the nanoparticles in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of the free anticancer drug, with the IC50 values being reduced by two and three times in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. The combination of self-assembled phospholipid molecules with a polysaccharide counterpart acting as receptor ligand, and stimuli-responsive chemical moieties, was carried out on smart multifunctional nanoparticles able to actively target breast cancer cells and improve the in vitro anticancer activity of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
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7
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Leonardelli M, Santoro V, Leggio A, Angrisani C, Sablone S, Introna F, De Donno A. Age estimation from dry bone measurements: evidence from a sample of soldiers exiled in two concentration camps in Bari. J Forensic Odontostomatol 2021; 39:25-29. [PMID: 34999577 PMCID: PMC9343059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mandible undergoes remodelling and morphological alterations throughout the life of an individual, and it is subjected to sex- and age-related structural changes. Personal identification from skeletal remains represents one of the most difficult challenges for a forensic anthropologist. The study of mandibular morphology is an important aid in determining the sex and age of skeletal remains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the age-related changes of three mandibular dimensions through dry bone measurements: bigonial width, ramus height and gonial angle. A total of 93 skeletal remains were included in this study, from a group of soldiers of Yugoslav origin who lived in two concentration camps in Bari (southern Italy) during World War II. These are included in the collection of the Forensic Anthropology Laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Bari. The measurements were recorded after comprehensive examination by a forensic anthropologist and a forensic odonto-stomatologist. The data obtained were analysed statistically using a bivariate test and a multivariate linear regression model, using the Statal 13MP software. The results indicate that the bigonial width and gonial angle vary significantly according to age. In conclusion, this study confirms that the mandible is useful for age estimation in the identification of skeletal remains using these specific mandibular measurements when performed on dry bone without radiological distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonardelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Leggio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - C Angrisani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Sablone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Introna
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A De Donno
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Cirillo G, Pantuso E, Curcio M, Vittorio O, Leggio A, Iemma F, De Filpo G, Nicoletta FP. Alginate Bioconjugate and Graphene Oxide in Multifunctional Hydrogels for Versatile Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1355. [PMID: 33802608 PMCID: PMC7961670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we combined electrically-conductive graphene oxide and a sodium alginate-caffeic acid conjugate, acting as a functional element, in an acrylate hydrogel network to obtain multifunctional materials designed to perform multiple tasks in biomedical research. The hybrid material was found to be well tolerated by human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) (viability higher than 94%) and able to modify its swelling properties upon application of an external electric field. Release experiments performed using lysozyme as the model drug, showed a pH and electro-responsive behavior, with higher release amounts and rated in physiological vs. acidic pH. Finally, the retainment of the antioxidant properties of caffeic acid upon conjugation and polymerization processes (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 1.77 and 1.48, respectively) was used to quench the effect of hydrogen peroxide in a hydrogel-assisted lysozyme crystallization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.L.); (F.I.); (F.P.N.)
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)—Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM), 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.L.); (F.I.); (F.P.N.)
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.L.); (F.I.); (F.P.N.)
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.L.); (F.I.); (F.P.N.)
| | - Giovanni De Filpo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.L.); (F.I.); (F.P.N.)
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Curcio M, Diaz-Gomez L, Cirillo G, Nicoletta FP, Leggio A, Iemma F. Dual-Targeted Hyaluronic Acid/Albumin Micelle-Like Nanoparticles for the Vectorization of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030304. [PMID: 33652648 PMCID: PMC7996918 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting of tumor cells is one of the great challenges in cancer therapy; nanoparticles based on natural polymers represent valuable tools to achieve this aim. The ability to respond to environmental signals from the pathological site (e.g., altered redox potential), together with the specific interaction with membrane receptors overexpressed on cancer cells membrane (e.g., CD44 receptors), represent the main features of actively targeted nanoparticles. In this work, redox-responsive micelle-like nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembling of a hyaluronic acid–human serum albumin conjugate containing cystamine moieties acting as a functional spacer. The conjugation procedure consisted of a reductive amination step of hyaluronic acid followed by condensation with albumin. After self-assembling, nanoparticles with a mean size of 70 nm and able to be destabilized in reducing media were obtained. Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles modulated drug release rate in response to different redox conditions. Finally, the viability and uptake experiments on healthy (BALB-3T3) and metastatic cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells proved the potential applicability of the proposed system as a drug vector in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (F.P.N.); (A.L.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984493011
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (F.P.N.); (A.L.); (F.I.)
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (F.P.N.); (A.L.); (F.I.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (F.P.N.); (A.L.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (F.P.N.); (A.L.); (F.I.)
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10
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Carullo G, Scarpelli F, Belsito EL, Caputo P, Oliviero Rossi C, Mincione A, Leggio A, Crispini A, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Aiello F. Formulation of New Baking (+)-Catechin Based Leavening Agents: Effects on Rheology, Sensory and Antioxidant Features during Muffin Preparation. Foods 2020; 9:E1569. [PMID: 33137916 PMCID: PMC7693953 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to prepare two solid mixtures containing a soluble polymorph of (+)-catechin and mucic (MUC) or tartaric (TAR) acids as new leavening agents. The solid mixtures were based on a polymorph of (+)-catechin, characterized through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis and assayed in in vitro antioxidant and solubility assays. The dough samples were studied by dynamic rheological tests, while muffins were studied through Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME)/ Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify volatile compounds, in vitro tests to evaluate antioxidant properties, and sensory analyses. TAR powder showed a solubility in water almost one order of magnitude increased with respect to commercial (+)-catechin (40.0 against 4.6 mg mL-1) and increased antioxidant performances. In particular, TAR showed total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values of 0.0298 ± 0.021 and 0.0081 ± 0.0009 meq CT/g, while MUC showed better results in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) acid (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 0.518 ± 0.015 and 0.112 ± 0.010mg/mL, respectively. MS analysis identified different compounds derived from the lipid oxidation process. Muffins obtained using both powders showed interesting outcomes regarding dough process and appreciable appearance/olfactory/taste/texture profiles. Muffins obtained from TAR-based mixture showed also a total phenolic content of 0.00175 meq CT/g muffin, and almost two times improved TAC and scavenger activity against DPPH radical. The formulated powders could be used as suitable health-promoting ingredients in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Scarpelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (C.O.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (C.O.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (C.O.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Mincione
- AGRARIA Department, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (C.O.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.B.); (A.L.); (U.G.S.); (F.A.)
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11
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Gacesa R, Tripodi AAP, Cilibrizzi A, Leggio A, Hider R, Abbate V. Solid-Phase Synthesis and In-Silico Analysis of Iron-Binding Catecholato Chelators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7498. [PMID: 33053658 PMCID: PMC7593911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are iron-complexing compounds synthesized by bacteria and fungi. They are low molecular weight compounds (500-1500 Daltons) possessing high affinity for iron(III). Since 1970 a large number of siderophores have been characterized, the majority using hydroxamate or catecholate as functional groups. The biosynthesis of siderophores is typically regulated by the iron levels of the environment where the organism is located. Because of their exclusive affinity and specificity for iron(III), natural siderophores and their synthetic derivatives have been exploited in the treatment of human iron-overload diseases, as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Here, solid-phase approach for the preparation of hexadentate, peptide-based tricatecholato containing peptides is described. The versatility of the synthetic method allows for the design of a common scaffolding structure whereby diverse ligands can be conjugated. With so many possibilities, a computational approach has been developed which will facilitate the identification of those peptides which are capable of providing a high affinity iron(III) binding site. This study reports an integrated computational/synthetic approach towards a rational development of peptide-based siderophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Gacesa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.G.); (A.A.P.T.); (A.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea A. P. Tripodi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.G.); (A.A.P.T.); (A.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.G.); (A.A.P.T.); (A.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Robert Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.G.); (A.A.P.T.); (A.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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12
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Panza S, Russo U, Giordano F, Leggio A, Barone I, Bonofiglio D, Gelsomino L, Malivindi R, Conforti FL, Naimo GD, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin and Notch Signaling Cooperate in Sustaining Glioblastoma Multiforme Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060886. [PMID: 32526957 PMCID: PMC7356667 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of glioma, which represents one of the commonly occurring tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the continuous development of new clinical therapies against this malignancy, it still remains a deadly disease with very poor prognosis. Here, we demonstrated the existence of a biologically active interaction between leptin and Notch signaling pathways that sustains GBM development and progression. We found that the expression of leptin and its receptors was significantly higher in human glioblastoma cells, U-87 MG and T98G, than in a normal human glial cell line, SVG p12, and that activation of leptin signaling induced growth and motility in GBM cells. Interestingly, flow cytometry and real-time RT-PCR assays revealed that GBM cells, grown as neurospheres, displayed stem cell-like properties (CD133+) along with an enhanced expression of leptin receptors. Leptin treatment significantly increased the neurosphere forming efficiency, self-renewal capacity, and mRNA expression levels of the stemness markers CD133, Nestin, SOX2, and GFAP. Mechanistically, we evidenced a leptin-mediated upregulation of Notch 1 receptor and the activation of its downstream effectors and target molecules. Leptin-induced effects on U-87 MG and T98G cells were abrogated by the selective leptin antagonist, the peptide LDFI (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile), as well as by the specific Notch signaling inhibitor, GSI (Gamma Secretase Inhibitor) and in the presence of a dominant-negative of mastermind-like-1. Overall, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, a functional interaction between leptin and Notch signaling in GBM, highlighting leptin/Notch crosstalk as a potential novel therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Umberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
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Gelsomino L, Giordano C, La Camera G, Sisci D, Marsico S, Campana A, Tarallo R, Rinaldi A, Fuqua S, Leggio A, Grande F, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Barone I, Catalano S. Leptin Signaling Contributes to Aromatase Inhibitor Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Activation of Macrophages. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040543. [PMID: 32260113 PMCID: PMC7226081 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for breast cancer development and therapy resistance, but the molecular players underling these links are unclear. Here, we identify a role for the obesity-cytokine leptin in sustaining aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistant growth and progression in breast cancer. Using as experimental models MCF-7 breast cancer cells surviving long-term treatment with the AI anastrozole (AnaR) and Ana-sensitive counterparts, we found that AnaR cells expressed higher levels of leptin and its receptors (ObR) along with a constitutive activation of downstream effectors. Accordingly, leptin signaling inhibition reduced only AnaR cell growth and motility, highlighting the existence of an autocrine loop in mechanisms governing drug-resistant phenotypes. In agreement with ObR overexpression, increasing doses of leptin were able to stimulate to a greater extent growth and migration in AnaR than sensitive cells. Moreover, leptin contributed to enhanced crosstalk between AnaR cells and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, AnaR, through leptin secretion, modulated macrophage profiles and increased macrophage motility through CXCR4 signaling, as evidenced by RNA-sequencing, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting. Reciprocally, activated macrophages increased AnaR cell growth and motility in coculture systems. In conclusion, acquired AI resistance is accompanied by the development of a leptin-driven phenotype, highlighting the potential clinical benefit of targeting this cytokine network in hormone-resistant breast cancers, especially in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Giusi La Camera
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonella Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (R.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (R.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Suzanne Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: 600 N1220.01 Alkek Building, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-496216 (I.B.); +39-0984-496207 (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-496216 (I.B.); +39-0984-496207 (S.C.)
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14
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Pasqua L, De Napoli IE, De Santo M, Greco M, Catizzone E, Lombardo D, Montera G, Comandè A, Nigro A, Morelli C, Leggio A. Mesoporous silica-based hybrid materials for bone-specific drug delivery. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:3269-3278. [PMID: 36133588 PMCID: PMC9417532 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A mesoporous silica-based drug delivery device potentially useful for bone-specific drug delivery has been designed, developed and characterized starting from MSU-type mesoporous silica. The proposed system consists of a mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) based vehicle, presenting alendronate as a targeting functionality for bone tissue while ibuprofen is used as a model molecule for the drugs to be delivered. The particles are functionalized on the external surface using a propionitrile derivative that is successively hydrolyzed to a carboxylic group. Alendronate, one of the most used member of the diphosphonate drug class, is electrostatically bonded to the external carboxyl functionalities of mesoporous silica. The obtained material has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption porosimetry, UV-vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR spectrometry and MAS-NMR 13C and 29Si. Hydroxyapatite, which simulates the bone matrix, has been synthesized with the aim of testing the targeting activity of the obtained device. In a separate test, the MSNs have been loaded with ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and its release has been determined under neutral conditions by HPLC. Moreover, biological tests were carried out. The tested devices did not show any toxicity towards normal cells, confirming their high biocompatibility and the lack of off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Ilaria Ester De Napoli
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Marzia De Santo
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Marianna Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Enrico Catizzone
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Domenico Lombardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF) Messina Italy
| | - Gabriella Montera
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Alessandra Comandè
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Alessandra Nigro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria 87036 Rende Italy
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15
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Comandè A, Greco M, Belsito EL, Liguori A, Leggio A. A titanium tetrachloride-based effective methodology for the synthesis of dipeptides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22137-22142. [PMID: 35518841 PMCID: PMC9066614 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dipeptide systems have been easily achieved through a TiCl4-assisted condensation reaction. The reaction of N-protected amino acids with amino acid methyl esters in pyridine and in the presence of TiCl4 furnished the corresponding dipeptides with high yields and diastereoselectivity. The reaction was successfully applied to amino acids protected on the α-amino function with different protecting groups. The adopted experimental conditions allowed preserving both the protecting groups on the α-amino function and on the side chain functionalities. Furthermore, the preservation of the stereochemical integrity at the amino acid chiral centres has been verified. The use of titanium tetrachloride as a condensing agent for the synthesis of dipeptide systems is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Comandè
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy +39 984 493265 +39 984 493199
| | - Marianna Greco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy +39 984 493265 +39 984 493199
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy +39 984 493265 +39 984 493199
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy +39 984 493265 +39 984 493199
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy +39 984 493265 +39 984 493199
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16
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Panza S, Gelsomino L, Malivindi R, Rago V, Barone I, Giordano C, Giordano F, Leggio A, Comandè A, Liguori A, Aquila S, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. Leptin Receptor as a Potential Target to Inhibit Human Testicular Seminoma Growth. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:687-698. [PMID: 30610844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although in past decades the adipokine leptin and its own receptor have been considered as significant cancer biomarkers, their potential involvement in human testicular seminoma growth and progression remains unexplored. Here, we showed that the expression of leptin and its receptor was significantly higher in human testicular seminoma compared with normal adult testis. Human seminoma cell line TCam-2 also expressed leptin along with the long and short isoforms of leptin receptor, and in response to leptin treatment showed enhanced activation of its downstream effectors. In line with these results, leptin stimulation significantly increased the proliferation and migration of TCam-2 cells. Treatment of TCam-2 cells with the peptide Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile (LDFI), a full leptin-receptor antagonist, completely reversed the leptin-mediated effects on cell growth and motility as well as reduced the expression of several leptin-induced target genes. More importantly, the in vivo xenograft experiments showed that LDFI treatment markedly decreased seminoma tumor growth. Interestingly, LDFI-treated tumors showed reduced levels of the proliferation marker Ki-67 as well as decreased expression of leptin-regulated genes. Taken together, these data identify, for the first time, leptin as a key factor able to affect testicular seminoma behavior, highlighting leptin receptor as a potential target for novel potential treatments in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Comandè
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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17
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di Luca M, Curcio M, Valli E, Cirillo G, Voli F, Butini ME, Farfalla A, Pantuso E, Leggio A, Nicoletta FP, Tavanti A, Iemma F, Vittorio O. Combining antioxidant hydrogels with self-assembled microparticles for multifunctional wound dressings. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A multi-functional composite to be employed as a dressing material was prepared by combining hydrogel and microparticle systems.
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18
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, Comandé A, Papaianni V, Liguori A. Titanium Tetrachloride-mediated Synthesis of Diarylmethanes through the Reaction of Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives with Aromatic Substrates. CURR ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666181010125902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessandra Comandé
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Valentina Papaianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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19
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Figoli A, Marino T, Galiano F, Blasi E, Belsito E, Liguori A, Leggio A, Rombolà L, Morrone L. Potentiality of polymeric membranes in aromatherapy: Application to bergamot essential oil. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Nigro A, Pellegrino M, Greco M, Comandè A, Sisci D, Pasqua L, Leggio A, Morelli C. Dealing with Skin and Blood-Brain Barriers: The Unconventional Challenges of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E250. [PMID: 30513731 PMCID: PMC6320758 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology for drug delivery are fostering significant progress in medicine and diagnostics. The multidisciplinary nature of the nanotechnology field encouraged the development of innovative strategies and materials to treat a wide range of diseases in a highly specific way, which allows reducing the drug dosage and, consequently, improving the patient's compliance. Due to their good biocompatibility, easy synthesis, and high versatility, inorganic frameworks represent a valid tool to achieve this aim. In this context, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) are emerging in the biomedical field. For their ordered porosity and high functionalizable surface, achievable with an inexpensive synthesis process and being non-hazardous to biological tissues, MSNs offer ideal solutions to host, protect, and transport drugs to specific target sites. Extensive literature exists on the use of MSNs as targeted vehicles for systemic (chemo) therapy and for imaging/diagnostic purposes. However, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the last updates on the potential applications of the MSNs for Topical Drug Delivery (TDD) and as drug delivery systems into the brain, discussing their performances and advantages in dealing with these intriguing biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nigro
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Marianna Greco
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Comandè
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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21
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Leggio A, Comandè A, Belsito EL, Greco M, Lo Feudo L, Liguori A. Alternative formation of amides and β-enaminones from aroyl chlorides using the TiCl4-trialkylamine reagent system. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5677-5683. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01536h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of amides and β-enaminones by the reaction of aroyl chlorides with the TiCl4–NR3reagent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Comandè
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Marianna Greco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Lucia Lo Feudo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
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22
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Leggio A, Leotta V, Belsito EL, Di Gioia ML, Romio E, Santoro I, Taverna D, Sindona G, Liguori A. Aromatherapy: composition of the gaseous phase at equilibrium with liquid bergamot essential oil. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:111. [PMID: 29098462 PMCID: PMC5668225 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work compares the composition at different temperatures of gaseous phase of bergamot essential oil at equilibrium with the liquid phase. A new GC–MS methodology to determine quantitatively the volatile aroma compounds was developed. The adopted methodology involved the direct injection of headspace gas into injection port of GC–MS system and of known amounts of the corresponding authentic volatile compounds. The methodology was validated. This study showed that gaseous phase composition is different from that of the liquid phase at equilibrium with it.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vanessa Leotta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Emanuela Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ilaria Santoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Domenico Taverna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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23
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Leggio A, Bagalà J, Belsito EL, Comandè A, Greco M, Liguori A. Formation of amides: one-pot condensation of carboxylic acids and amines mediated by TiCl 4. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:87. [PMID: 29086872 PMCID: PMC5602818 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A general procedure for the synthesis of amides via the direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines in the presence of TiCl4 is reported. The amidation reaction was performed in pyridine at 85 °C with a wide range of substrates providing the corresponding amide products in moderate to excellent yields and high purity. The reaction proceeds with low yields when both the carboxylic acid and the amine are sterically hindered. The process takes place with nearly complete preservation of the stereochemical integrity of chiral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy.
| | - Jessica Bagalà
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy
| | - Alessandra Comandè
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy
| | - Marianna Greco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata, CS, Italy.
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24
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25
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Pasqua L, Leggio A, Sisci D, Andò S, Morelli C. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Relevance of the Targeting Function. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:743-53. [PMID: 26996622 DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160321113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the oncologic research is focusing on the optimization of the clinical approach to the tumor disease, through the development of new therapeutic strategies combining currently used antineoplastic drugs to targeted delivery systems. In fact, due to the drugs poor selectivity for cancer cells, an highly aggressive style of dosing is necessary to eradicate tumors, causing severe toxicity to normal cells. Therefore, localized drug delivery would, ideally, improve the therapeutic efficacy, minimizing side effects. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been proposed as a promising class of versatile drug/DNA delivery vehicles, as well as efficient tools for fluorescent cell tracking. To date, the major limitation is that MSNs enter the cells regardless of a target-specific functionalization. Therefore, this review is aimed to give a brief up to date overview on mesoporous silica based-drug delivery vehicles, specifically applied to tumor therapy, giving particular emphasis to the importance of a targeting function grafted on the carrier surface, so to avoid an indiscriminate uptake by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, cubo 34/B University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy.
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26
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Giordano C, Chemi F, Panza S, Barone I, Bonofiglio D, Lanzino M, Cordella A, Campana A, Hashim A, Rizza P, Leggio A, Győrffy B, Simões BM, Clarke RB, Weisz A, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin as a mediator of tumor-stromal interactions promotes breast cancer stem cell activity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1262-75. [PMID: 26556856 PMCID: PMC4811458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play crucial roles in tumor initiation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. A strict dependency between BCSCs and stromal cell components of tumor microenvironment exists. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies aimed to target the crosstalk between activated microenvironment and BCSCs have the potential to improve clinical outcome. Here, we investigated how leptin, as a mediator of tumor-stromal interactions, may affect BCSC activity using patient-derived samples (n = 16) and breast cancer cell lines, and determined the potential benefit of targeting leptin signaling in these model systems. Conditioned media (CM) from cancer-associated fibroblasts and breast adipocytes significantly increased mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells and depletion of leptin from CM completely abrogated this effect. Mammosphere cultures exhibited increased leptin receptor (OBR) expression and leptin exposure enhanced mammosphere formation. Microarray analyses revealed a similar expression profile of genes involved in stem cell biology among mammospheres treated with CM and leptin. Interestingly, leptin increased mammosphere formation in metastatic breast cancers and expression of OBR as well as HSP90, a target of leptin signaling, were directly correlated with mammosphere formation in metastatic samples (r = 0.68/p = 0.05; r = 0.71/p = 0.036, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that OBR and HSP90 expression were associated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer patients (HR = 1.9/p = 0.022; HR = 2.2/p = 0.00017, respectively). Furthermore, blocking leptin signaling by using a full leptin receptor antagonist significantly reduced mammosphere formation in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived samples. Our results suggest that leptin/leptin receptor signaling may represent a potential therapeutic target that can block the stromal-tumor interactions driving BCSC-mediated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giordano
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Chemi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Angela Cordella
- IRCCS SDN (Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare), Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Adnan Hashim
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Norwegian Centre for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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27
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Luisa Di Gioia M, Leggio A, Malagrinò F, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. N-Methylated α-Amino Acids And Peptides: Synthesis And Biological Activity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:683-90. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160322152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, De Luca G, Di Gioia ML, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. One-pot synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids activated using thionyl chloride. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a one-pot synthesis of secondary and tertiary amides from carboxylic acids and amines in the presence of a tertiary amine by using thionyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. L. Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - G. De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - M. L. Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - V. Leotta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - C. Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
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29
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Guarino IF, Leotta V, Romio E, Liguori A. A simple synthesis of anilines by LiAlH4/TiCl4 reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liguori A, Belsito EL, Gioia MLD, Leggio A, Malagrinò F, Romio E, Siciliano C, Tagarelli A. GC/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids in Italian Dry Fermented Sausages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1874256401509010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation reports a study about the evolution, during ripening, of the fatty acid profile and the
fatty acid composition in acylglycerols of three different fermented sausages industrially produced in the Calabria region
(Southern Italy). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was applied to the results obtained for the profiles to check all the
differences between samples. The study comprised also an evaluation of the lipid oxidation level. All kind of sausages
showed a free fatty acids profile in which the monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant, followed by saturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids. In acylglycerols, a low content in linoleic acid (approximately 2% of total methyl esters) was
displayed, while that found in the free fatty acids profile was higher (approximately 17% of total FFAs). In addition, the
generation of aldehydes through secondary lipid oxidation was clearly confirmed after long ripening period by classical
qualitative colorimetric method supported by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The differences in fatty acids profiles observed in
the free fatty acids and the acylglycerol fractions were certainly due to the high selectivity of lypase activity during the
ripening.
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Minuti L, Ballerini E, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi PM, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Siciliano C, Temperini A. A unified strategy for the synthesis of three conicol marine natural products. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leggio A, Alò D, Belsito EL, Di Gioia ML, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. Lewis acid catalysed methylation ofN-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methanesulfonyl (Fms) protected lipophilicα-amino acid methyl esters. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:644-50. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Danila Alò
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Emanuela Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione; Università della Calabria; Ed. Polifunzionale Rende CS I-87036 Italy
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Di Gioia M, Belsito E, Leggio A, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. Reduction of amide carbonyl group and formation of modified amino acids and dipeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Catalano S, Leggio A, Barone I, De Marco R, Gelsomino L, Campana A, Malivindi R, Panza S, Giordano C, Liguori A, Bonofiglio D, Liguori A, Andò S. A novel leptin antagonist peptide inhibits breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1122-32. [PMID: 25721149 PMCID: PMC4420614 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the obesity cytokine leptin in breast cancer progression has raised interest in interfering with leptin's actions as a valuable therapeutic strategy. Leptin interacts with its receptor through three different binding sites: I–III. Site I is crucial for the formation of an active leptin–leptin receptor complex and in its subsequent activation. Amino acids 39-42 (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile- LDFI) were shown to contribute to leptin binding site I and their mutations in alanine resulted in muteins acting as typical antagonists. We synthesized a small peptide based on the wild-type sequence of leptin binding site I (LDFI) and evaluated its efficacy in antagonizing leptin actions in breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The peptide LDFI abolished the leptin-induced anchorage-dependent and -independent growth as well as the migration of ERα-positive (MCF-7) and -negative (SKBR3) breast cancer cells. These results were well correlated with a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of leptin downstream effectors, as JAK2/STAT3/AKT/MAPK. Importantly, the peptide LDFI reversed the leptin-mediated up-regulation of its gene expression, as an additional mechanism able to enhance the peptide antagonistic activity. The described effects were specific for leptin signalling, since the developed peptide was not able to antagonize the other growth factors' actions on signalling activation, proliferation and migration. Finally, we showed that the LDFI pegylated peptide markedly reduced breast tumour growth in xenograft models. The unmodified peptide LDFI acting as a full leptin antagonist could become an attractive option for breast cancer treatment, especially in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Leggio A, Belsito E, Di Gioia M, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. Silver acetate-assisted formation of amides from acyl chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Fmoc and Cbz direct protection of amino groups is efficiently performed in [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - V. Leotta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
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Siciliano C, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi P, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Minuti L, Romio E, Temperini A. Synthesis of d-erythro-Sphinganine through Serine-Derived α-Amino Epoxides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5320-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres
31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres
31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Lucio Minuti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Romio
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del
Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Leggio A, Catalano S, De Marco R, Barone I, Andò S, Liguori A. Therapeutic potential of leptin receptor modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Barattucci A, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Minuti L, Papalia T, Siciliano C, Temperini A, Bonaccorsi P. Stereoselective Synthesis of Dithia[3.3]cyclophaneS,S′-Dioxides with Planar and Central Chirality. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Di Gioia ML, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi P, Leggio A, Minuti L, Romio E, Temperini A, Siciliano C. Deprotection/reprotection of the amino group in α-amino acids and peptides. A one-pot procedure in [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bonaccorsi P, Gioia MLD, Leggio A, Minuti L, Papalia T, Siciliano C, Temperini A, Barattucci A. Synthesis of enantiopure sugar-decorated six-armed triptycene derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2410-6. [PMID: 24367407 PMCID: PMC3869296 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of molecules with a triptycene rigid core surrounded by six monosaccharide residues was synthesized. Hexakis(bromomethyl) substituted triptycene was converted into a six-armed triptycene azide (2,3,6,7,14,15-hexakis(azidomethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1’,2’]benzenoanthracene). The key step of the synthesis was the cycloaddition of the azide to 2-propyn-1-yl β-D-gluco- or galactopyranosides. All products were isolated in good yields and were fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, Università di Messina, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lucio Minuti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Papalia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, villaggio SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, Università di Messina, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Minuti L, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi PM, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Siciliano C, Temperini A. Intramolecular Displacement of Phenylselenone by a Hydroxy Group: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Substituted Tetrahydrofurans. Org Lett 2013; 15:3906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401653w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Minuti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, Multifunctional Building, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Spinella M, De Marco R, Belsito EL, Leggio A, Liguori A. The dimethylsulfoxonium methylide as unique reagent for the simultaneous deprotection of amino and carboxyl function of N-Fmoc-α-amino acid and N-Fmoc-peptide esters. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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De Marco R, Spinella M, De Lorenzo A, Leggio A, Liguori A. C → N and N → C solution phase peptide synthesis using the N-acyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide as protection of the carboxylic function. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3786-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, Marco RD, Di Gioia ML, Liguori A, Siciliano C, Spinella M. Dry Fermented Sausages of Southern Italy: A Comparison of Free Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines between Industrial and Homemade Products. J Food Sci 2012; 77:S170-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, De Marco R, Liguori A, Siciliano C, Spinella M. Simultaneous extraction and derivatization of amino acids and free fatty acids in meat products. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1241:96-102. [PMID: 22560349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In meat products the contents of free amino acids and free fatty acids are two important parameters used to establish their quality. These compounds play a very important role in defining the sensorial characteristics and acceptability of meat products. An innovative procedure for the measurement of free amino acid and fatty acid contents in meat and meat derivatives was developed. A single experiment can be performed in order to determine simultaneously the free amino acid and free fatty acid profiles. The analytes of interest are rapidly extracted from the meat matrix and derivatized by using methyl chloroformate. This reagent allows the transformation of the two groups of analytes into the corresponding N-methyloxycarbonyl amino acid methyl esters and fatty acid methyl esters that can easily be extracted and sampled for their further identification and quantitation. The measurement of the obtained amino acid and fatty acid derivatives is performed by GC/MS analysis and their concentrations are calculated by using two appropriate internal standards. The main advantage of the proposed protocol is the determination at the same time of two important classes of analytes that are of great importance in food analysis and characterization. Moreover, minimal sample manipulation and preparation, and reduced total extraction times are required to obtain the response with respect to conventional procedures, in which instead the analysis of both the two classes of compounds must be performed separately. The helpfulness of the protocol was tested in the analysis of a cured meat product that is typical of the South of Italy. The optimized protocol successfully allowed the determination of thirteen free amino acids and six free fatty acids, namely those most abundant in the lipid content of the cured meat product under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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De Marco R, Leggio A, Liguori A, Perri F, Siciliano C. Transformations of 3-hydroxy steroids with lewis and anhydrous protic acids: the case of pregn-4-en-3β,17α,20β-triol. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:269-76. [PMID: 21599858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed dehydration is one of the most important processes, which transforms 3-hydroxy steroids into their corresponding unsaturated derivatives. This reaction is of great importance because it can produce molecules that play a key role in the understanding of the natural metabolism of steroids. Sterol dehydration is generally performed with aqueous acidic systems, and the treatment often affords low yields of the desired compounds and/or complex mixtures of by-products. In this paper, we report the results obtained from the study of the structural and stereochemical effects of the acid-induced reaction of pregn-4-en-3β,17α,20β-triol in anhydrous systems. In particular, the treatment of this trihydroxy steroid model with Lewis acids leads to the corresponding Δ(3,5) -steradiene as the only product and in very high yields. With Lewis acids, no modifications of the 1,2-diol function on the D-ring are observed, even when the reactions are performed at high temperatures. Protic acid catalysis in non-aqueous organic solvents causes the formation of an epimeric mixture of the corresponding Δ(3,5) -steradiene derivatives by a partial stereochemical inversion of the asymmetric C-17. The reactivity of the 17α,20β-diolic residue is also evaluated by exposing pregn-4-en-3β,17α,20β-triol and the corresponding Δ(3,5) -steradiene to the prolonged action of anhydrous protic acid systems under thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria De Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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De Marco R, Leggio A, Liguori A, Marino T, Perri F, Russo N. Site-selective methylation of N(beta)-nosyl hydrazides of N-nosyl protected alpha-amino acids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3381-6. [PMID: 20405869 DOI: 10.1021/jo1003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The methylation reaction of N(beta)-nosyl hydrazides of N-nosyl protected alpha-amino acids by using diazomethane shows a controlled regiochemical trend and makes it possible to obtain the corresponding products methylated at specific positions depending on the amount of diazomethane used. The observed selectivity is closely connected with the different acidity of sulfonyl hydrazide, sulfonamide, and acyl hydrazine protons present in the analyzed substrates. The reactivity order of these three diverse reactive sites is supported by theoretical calculations. The hydrazine derivatives considered in this work belong to a class of compounds with interesting biological activity and of great interest in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria De Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universit della Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, De Marco R, Liguori A, Perri F, Viscomi MC. An efficient preparation of N-methyl-alpha-amino acids from N-nosyl-alpha-amino acid phenacyl esters. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1386-92. [PMID: 20121053 DOI: 10.1021/jo901643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a simple and efficient solution-phase synthesis of N-methyl-N-nosyl-alpha-amino acids and N-Fmoc-N-methyl-alpha-amino acids. This represents a very important application in peptide synthesis to obtain N-methylated peptides in both solution and solid phase. The developed methodology involves the use of N-nosyl-alpha-amino acids with the carboxyl function protected as a phenacyl ester and the methylating reagent diazomethane. An important aspect of this synthetic strategy is the possibility to selectively deprotect the carboxyl function or alternatively both amino and carboxyl moieties by using the same reagent with a different molar excess and under mild conditions. Furthermore, the adopted procedure keeps unchanged the acid-sensitive side chain protecting groups used in Fmoc-based synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 15/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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De Marco R, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Liguori A, Viscomi MC. Deprotection ofN-Nosyl-α-amino Acids by Using Solid-Supported Mercaptoacetic Acid. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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