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Mahalingam S, Bellamkonda R, Kharbanda KK, Arumugam MK, Kumar V, Casey CA, Leggio L, Rasineni K. Role of ghrelin hormone in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116595. [PMID: 38640709 PMCID: PMC11161137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is the earliest response of the liver to excessive alcohol consumption. Previously we identified that chronic alcohol administration increases levels of stomach-derived hormone, ghrelin, which by reducing circulating insulin levels, ultimately contributes to the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In addition, ghrelin directly promotes fat accumulation in hepatocytes by enhancing de novo lipogenesis. Other than promoting ALD, ghrelin is known to increase alcohol craving and intake. In this study, we used a ghrelin receptor (GHSR) knockout (KO) rat model to characterize the specific contribution of ghrelin in the development of ALD with emphasis on energy homeostasis. Male Wistar wild type (WT) and GHSR-KO rats were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli control or ethanol diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, glucose tolerance test was conducted, and tissue samples were collected. We observed reduced alcohol intake by GHSR-KOs compared to a previous study where WT rats were fed ethanol diet ad libitum. Further, when the WTs were pair-fed to GHSR-KOs, the KO rats exhibited resistance to develop ALD through improving insulin secretion/sensitivity to reduce adipose lipolysis and hepatic fatty acid uptake/synthesis and increase fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, proteomic data revealed that ethanol-fed KO exhibit less alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress than WT rats. Proteomic data also confirmed that the ethanol-fed KOs are insulin sensitive and are resistant to hepatic steatosis development compared to WT rats. Together, these data confirm that inhibiting ghrelin action prevent alcohol-induced liver and adipose dysfunction independent of reducing alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Mahalingam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramesh Bellamkonda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Bu T, Sun Z, Pan Y, Deng X, Yuan G. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: New Regulator in Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:354-372. [PMID: 38650100 PMCID: PMC11140404 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone that is mainly expressed in the intestine and hypothalamus. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have shown that GLP-1 is closely related to lipid metabolism, and it can participate in lipid metabolism by inhibiting fat synthesis, promoting fat differentiation, enhancing cholesterol metabolism, and promoting adipose browning. GLP-1 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism. It is expected to become a new target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The effects of GLP-1 and dual agonists on lipid metabolism also provide a more complete treatment plan for metabolic diseases. This article reviews the recent research progress of GLP-1 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Walter MN, Montoya-Durango D, Rodriguez W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Maldonado C, Bennett A, McClain CJ, Barve S, Gobejishvili L. Hepatocyte-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 in sexual dimorphism and susceptibility to alcohol induced liver injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1316228. [PMID: 38370409 PMCID: PMC10871047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1316228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that females are more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, although the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. Previous studies noted that alcohol reduces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the liver. However, the role of hepatocyte- specific MKP1 in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to evaluate the role of hepatocyte-specific MKP1 in the susceptibility and sexual dimorphism in alcohol-induced liver injury. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were used in an intragastric ethanol feeding model of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (ASH). Hepatocyte-specific Mkp1-/- knockout and (Mkp1+/+ "f/f" male and female mice were subjected to the NIAAA chronic plus binge model. Primary mouse hepatocytes were used for in vitro studies. Liver RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina NextSeq 500. Liver injury was evaluated by plasma alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatic ER stress and inflammation markers. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and the unpaired Student's t-test. Results ASH was associated with the severe injury accompanied by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and significant downregulation of Dusp1 mRNA expression. In vitro, ethanol treatment resulted in a time-dependent decrease in Dusp1 mRNA and protein expression in primary hepatocytes in both males and females; however, this effect was significantly more pronounced in hepatocytes from females. In vivo, female mice developed more liver injury in a chronic plus binge model which was accompanied by a significant decrease in liver Dusp1 mRNA expression. In comparison, liver Dusp1 was not changed in male mice, while they developed milder injury to alcohol. Mkp1 deletion in hepatocytes led to increased alcohol induced liver injury, ER stress and inflammation in both sexes. Conclusion Hepatocyte Mkp1 plays a significant role in alcohol induced liver injury. Alcohol downregulates Mkp1 expression in hepatocytes in a sex dependent manner and could play a role in sexual dimorphism in increased female susceptibility to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Nancy Walter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Diego Montoya-Durango
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Walter Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - JingWen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence, (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence, (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Anton Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Craig James McClain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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