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Wu Z, Yin Y, Liu R, Li X, Sun Y, Yau SY, Wu L, Liu Y, Adzic M, Zhang H, Chen G. A refined formula derived from Jiawei-Xiaoyao Pill exerts rapid antidepressant-like effects in LPS-induced depression by reducing neuroinflammation and restoring neuroplasticity signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118647. [PMID: 39094756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiawei-Xiaoyao Pill (JWX), a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Xiaoyao Pill by adding significant amounts of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) and Moutan Cortex (MC). It is frequently used for the treatment of depression. JWX has been demonstrated to uniquely elicit rapid antidepressant-like effects within the prescribed dosage range. To date, GF has been shown to have rapid antidepressant-like effects, but a much higher dose is required than its proportion in JWX. It is assumed that the synergism of GF with a minimum number of other herbs in JWX serves as a refined formula that exerts these rapid antidepressant-like effects. Identification of a refined formula is important for prioritizing the herbs and ingredients to optimize the quality control of JWX. However, such a refined formula for JWX has not been identified yet AIM OF THE STUDY: Here we aimed to identify a refined formula derived from JWX for optimized rapid antidepressant-like effects. Since the neuroinflammation mechanism involving in depression treatment has not been previously investigated for JWX, we tested the mechanism for both JWX and the refined formula MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individual herbs (MC; ASR, Angelica Sinensis Radix; Bupleuri Radix; Paeonia Radix Alba) that show antidepressant-like responses were mixed with GF at the proportional dosage in JWX to identify the refined formula. Rapid antidepressant-like effects were assessed by using NSF (Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test) and other behavioral tests following a single administration. The identified formula was further tested using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive model, and the molecular signaling mechanisms were investigated using western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR signaling. Scopolamine (Scop) is used as a positive control for induction of rapid antidepressant effects RESULTS: A combination of GF, MC and ASR (GMA) at their dosages proportional to JWX induced behavioral signs of rapid antidepressant-like responses in both normal and LPS-treated mice, with the antidepressant-like effects sustained for 5 d. Similar to JWX or Scop, GMA rapidly reduced the neuroinflammation signaling of Iba-1-NF-кB, enhanced neuroplasticity signaling of CaMKII-mTOR-BDNF, and attenuated the upregulated expressions of the NMDAR sub-units GluN1 and GluN2B in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. GMA, JWX and Scop rapidly restored the number of BDNF-positive cells reduced by LPS treatment, in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Furthermore, rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTOR, blunted the rapid antidepressant-like effects and hippocampal BDNF signaling upregulation by GMA CONCLUSION: GMA may serve as a refined formula from JWX, capable of inducing rapid antidepressant-like effects. In LPS-induced depression model, the effects of GMA were mediated via rapidly alleviating neuroinflammation and enhancing neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Wu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ying Yin
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- "Vinča Institute" of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology 090, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Wu Y, Deng J, Ma J, Chen Y, Hu N, Hao S, Wang B. Unraveling the Pathogenesis of Post-Stroke Depression in a Hemorrhagic Mouse Model through Frontal Lobe Circuitry and JAK-STAT Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402152. [PMID: 38946585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression is a common complication that imposes significant burdens and challenges on patients. The occurrence of depression is often associated with frontal lobe hemorrhage, however, current understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with the circuitry connectivity, electrophysiological alterations, and molecular characteristics are investigated related to the frontal lobe in adult male mice following unilateral injection of blood in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). It is demonstrated that depression is a specific neurological complication in the unilateral hematoma model of the mPFC, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) shows a higher percentage of connectivity disruption compared to the lateral habenula (LHb) and striatum (STR). Additionally, long-range projections originating from the frontal lobe demonstrate higher damage percentages within the connections between each region and the mPFC. mPFC neurons reveal reduced neuronal excitability and altered synaptic communication. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identifies the involvement of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, and targeting the JAK-STAT pathway significantly alleviates the severity of depressive symptoms. These findings improve the understanding of post-hemorrhagic depression and may guide the development of efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jinsong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Glajzner P, Bernat A, Jasińska-Stroschein M. Improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria through drug repositioning. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1397602. [PMID: 38910882 PMCID: PMC11193365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing (repositioning) is a dynamically-developing area in the search for effective therapy of infectious diseases. Repositioning existing drugs with a well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile is an attractive method for quickly discovering new therapeutic indications. The off-label use of drugs for infectious diseases requires much less capital and time, and can hasten progress in the development of new antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. The use of drug repositioning in searching for new therapeutic options has brought promising results for many viral infectious diseases, such as Ebola, ZIKA, Dengue, and HCV. This review describes the most favorable results for repositioned drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. It comprises publications from various databases including PubMed and Web of Science published from 2015 to 2023. The following search keywords/strings were used: drug repositioning and/or repurposing and/or antibacterial activity and/or infectious diseases. Treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria were taken into account, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or carbapenem-resistant bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. It analyses the safety profiles of the included drugs and their synergistic combinations with antibiotics and discusses the potential of antibacterial drugs with antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic effects, and those used in metabolic diseases. Drug repositioning may be an effective response to public health threats related to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Kargbo RB. Perceptual Modifying Compounds and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:12-14. [PMID: 38229761 PMCID: PMC10788933 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, including ketamine and LSD, have gained renewed interest as potential treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. These compounds act as psychoplastogens, promoting neuronal growth by activating AMPA receptors, TrkB, and mTOR. The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in their therapeutic effects through top-down control over brain regions involved in motivation, fear, and reward. Some of these compounds exhibit antidepressant effects by enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis while also demonstrating anxiolytic properties through the modulation of fear circuits. Additionally, they show promise as anti-addictive agents by disrupting addictive patterns and promoting neuroplasticity. The exploration of how psychedelic substances can be therapeutically beneficial reveals new opportunities for addressing conditions like major depressive disorder, anxiety, and addiction.
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