1
|
Ogawa M, Kitamoto J, Takeda T, Hori M, Shikano K, Yamanaka-Tanaka A, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi T, Terada M, Tanaka T. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane affects estradiol production in female rats but not H295R cells. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1883-1898. [PMID: 37551828 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, are predominantly produced in the gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenal cortex. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the endocrine systems of humans and organisms. EDCs mainly act via nuclear receptors and steroidogenesis-related enzymes. In the OECD conceptual framework for testing and assessment of EDCs, several well-known assays are used to identify the potential disruption of nuclear receptors both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the H295R steroidogenesis assay is the only assay that detects the disruption of steroidogenesis. Forskolin and prochloraz are often used as positive controls in the H295R steroidogenesis assay. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was suspected one of EDCs, but the effects of D5 on steroidogenesis remain unclear. To establish a short-term in vivo screening method that detects the disruption of steroidogenesis, rats in the present study were fed a diet containing forskolin, prochloraz, or D5 for 14 days. Forskolin increased plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone as well as the mRNA level of Cyp19 in both the adrenal glands and ovaries. Prochloraz induced the loss of cyclicity in the sexual cycle and decreased plasma levels of E2 and testosterone. D5 increased E2 levels and shortened the estrous cycle in a dose-dependent manner; however, potential endocrine disruption was not detected in the H295R steroidogenesis assay. These results demonstrate the importance of comprehensively assessing the endocrine-disrupting effects of chemicals on steroidogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Kitamoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Takeda
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masami Hori
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kisako Shikano
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Amami Yamanaka-Tanaka
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tanaka
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Terada
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taku Tanaka
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Proteomics Complementation of the Rat Uterotrophic Assay for Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: A Roadmap of Advancing High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Survey to Targeted Biomarker Quantifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041686. [PMID: 33567512 PMCID: PMC7914934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used rat uterotrophic assay to assess known and potential estrogenic compounds only considers uterine weight gain as endpoint measurement. To complement this method with an advanced technology that reveals molecular targets, we analyzed changes in protein expression using label-free quantitative proteomics by nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry from uterine protein extracts of ovariectomized rats after daily 17β-estradiol exposure for five days in comparison with those of vehicle-treated control animals. Our discovery-driven study revealed 165 uterine proteins significantly regulated by estrogen treatment and mapped by pathway analyses. Estrogen-regulated proteins represented cell death, survival and development, cellular growth and proliferation, and protein synthesis as top molecular and cellular functions, and a network found with the presence of nuclear estrogen receptor(s) as a prominent molecular node confirmed the relevance of our findings to hormone-associated events. An exploratory application of targeted proteomics to bisphenol A as a well-known example of an estrogenic endocrine disruptor is also presented. Overall, the results of this study have demonstrated the power of combining untargeted and targeted quantitative proteomic strategies to identify and verify candidate molecular markers for the evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to complement a conventional bioassay.
Collapse
|
3
|
Qasem RJ. The estrogenic activity of resveratrol: a comprehensive review of in vitro and in vivo evidence and the potential for endocrine disruption. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:439-462. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rani J. Qasem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) and King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
MC Rodrigues G, DB Borges B, Gabriela Q Moreira L, Aparecida G Rossete É, de Castro Franca S. Effects of estrogen-like plant compounds on the vaginal epithelium pituitary, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1173-1184. [PMID: 30509138 PMCID: PMC6384445 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218817503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species with recognized estrogenic activity and widely used by Brazil’s female population to prevent the unpleasant symptoms of menopause were investigated in this work to demonstrate if constituents of taro-inhame (Colocasia esculenta ), cumaru (Dipteryx odorata ), and camapu (Physalis angulata ) have the ability to mimic or interfere with the action of estrogens. Moreover, their potential use as natural sources of estrogen-like substances for hormone replacement therapy was evaluated. (a) In vivo pharmacological assays were conducted to determine the estrogenic effects of D. odorata isoflavone-rich extract, P. angulata physalin-rich extract, and C. esculenta flavonoid glycoside-rich fraction (FG) on endocrine glands and reproductive organs of female rats at three different stages of the life cycle. The protocols consisted of uterotrophic assays and cytological evaluation of vaginal smears to detect mucosa cell alterations correlated with changes in hormone levels in each phase of the estrous cycle of female rats. The results indicated that C. esculenta FG exhibited estrogenic activity in prepubescent, pubescent, and adult ovariectomized female rats, while D. odorata isoflavones only promoted a weight increase in the pituitary gland of prepubescent rats after prolonged treatment and P. angulata physalins induced a weight increment in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized rats. Additionally, C. esculenta exerted a significant effect on the opening of the vaginal canal in prepubescent rats and on vaginal epithelium. Prolonged treatment of ovariectomized rats with FG altered the proportion of different types of vaginal epithelial cells in these animals, suggesting an interference of FG with estrogen levels. Colocasia esculenta FG induced hypertrophy of the uterus and pituitary in ovariectomized rats similar to estradiol. To elucidate the mechanism of action of FG, its effects were compared to those of estradiol and of the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. The results suggest that the efficacy of C. esculenta FG is mediated by binding to selective estrogen receptors present in each organ and that raloxifene inhibits the mechanism of action of FG in the same way as it inhibits the effects of estradiol. The overall findings indicate that C. esculenta FG mimics the action of estrogens, with reduced harmful effects on specific tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gismar MC Rodrigues
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno DB Borges
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Érica Aparecida G Rossete
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro Franca
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moon B, Kim W, Park CH, Oh SM. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) did not express estrogenic activity in an immature rat uterotrophic assay. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:e2018016-0. [PMID: 30286592 PMCID: PMC6182247 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2018016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about 5,000 years. In previous studies on ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) using in vitro systems, we confirmed that EGb761 has biphasic effects on estrogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the agonistic and antagonistic activities of EGb761 using a uterotrophic assay in immature female rats. To evaluate agonistic and antagonistic effects of EGb761 on uterus, 21-day-old immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were treated with EGb761 (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) by oral gavage, 10 μg/kg of estradiol (E2) or 1 mg/kg tamoxifen (TM) by subcutaneous injection, or with EGb761 plus E2 or TM for 3 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and their body weights and organ weights (liver, lung, spleen and kidney) were measured. In addition, estrogen-related gene expressions (IGFBP-1 in liver and CaBP-9 in uterus) were determined. During the experiment, no animal showed clinical signs, a change in body weight or died. EGb761 treatment alone had no effect on absolute/relative uterine weight, luminal epithelial cell height (LECH, μm), or luminal circumference (LC, μm). In addition, uterine weights, LECHs, and LC induced by E2 or TM were not significantly changed by EGb761 at any dose. These results collectively suggested EGb761 has no agonistic/antagonistic effects in utero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghak Moon
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchan Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- AB solution, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Hee Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oh SM, Kim HR, Park YJ, Lee YH, Chung KH. Ethanolic extract of dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) induces estrogenic activity in MCF-7 cells and immature rats. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:808-814. [PMID: 26614455 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, are used to treat breast cancer in traditional folk medicine. However, their use has mainly been based on empirical findings without sufficient scientific evidence. Therefore, we hypothesized that dandelions would behave as a Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and be effective as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the postmenopausal women. In the present study, in vitro assay systems, including cell proliferation assay, reporter gene assay, and RT-PCR to evaluate the mRNA expression of estrogen-related genes (pS2 and progesterone receptor, PR), were performed in human breast cancer cells. Dandelion ethanol extract (DEE) significantly increased cell proliferation and estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase activity. DEE significantly induced the expression of estrogen related genes such as pS2 and PR, which was inhibited by tamoxifen at 1 μmol·L(-1). These results indicated that DEE could induce estrogenic activities mediated by a classical estrogen receptor pathway. In addition, immature rat uterotrophic assay was carried out to identify estrogenic activity of DEE in vivo. The lowest concentration of DEE slightly increased the uterine wet weight, but there was no significant effect with the highest concentration of DEE. The results demonstrate the potential estrogenic activities of DEE, providing scientific evidence supporting their use in traditional medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Hoseoro79 bungil20, Baebang, Asan, Chungcheong Nam-do, 336-795, Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Lee
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Hoseoro79 bungil20, Baebang, Asan, Chungcheong Nam-do, 336-795, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akcha F, Barranger A, Bachère E, Berthelin CH, Piquemal D, Alonso P, Sallan RR, Dimastrogiovanni G, Porte C, Menard D, Szczybelski A, Benabdelmouna A, Auffret M, Rouxel J, Burgeot T. Effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron on oyster genitors during gametogenesis: responses of early molecular and cellular markers and physiological impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8008-8020. [PMID: 26780042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genitors of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were submitted during gametogenesis to a short pulse exposure to the herbicide diuron at a realistic environmental concentration. Histological analysis showed no effect of diuron on gametogenesis course, sex ratio and reproductive effort. A non-significant increase in testosterone and progesterone levels was observed in genitors exposed to the herbicide. At cell level, diuron exposure was shown to modulate the phagocytic activity of circulating hemocytes. The results of a transcriptional analysis showed that diuron affected the expression of genes belonging to functions known to play a major role during oyster gametogenesis such as gene transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair, DNA methylation and cytokinesis. Taking into account the results we previously obtained on the same genitors, this study showed a negative effect of diuron on oyster reproduction by inducing both structural and functional modifications of the DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - A Barranger
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - E Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - C Heude Berthelin
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), Université de Caen Normandie, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IRD, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Piquemal
- Acobiom, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 77394 Cap Delta Biopole Euromédecine II, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 04, France
| | - P Alonso
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - R Rondon Sallan
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - G Dimastrogiovanni
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry Department, C/ Jordi Girona, 1808034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Porte
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry Department, C/ Jordi Girona, 1808034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Menard
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - A Szczybelski
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - A Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologies, Rue de Mus de Loup, La Tremblade, 17390, France
| | - M Auffret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, rue Dumont d'Urville, technopôle, Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Burgeot
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A low-density DNA microchip for the detection of (anti-)estrogenic compounds and their relative potencies. Anal Biochem 2013; 435:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Medigović I, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Žikić D, Nestorović N. Genistein affects ovarian folliculogenesis: A stereological study. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1691-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Quantification of steroids and endocrine disrupting chemicals in rat ovaries by LC-MS/MS for reproductive toxicology assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1629-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
11
|
Pelch KE, Carleton SM, Phillips CL, Nagel SC. Developmental exposure to xenoestrogens at low doses alters femur length and tensile strength in adult mice. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:69. [PMID: 22088916 PMCID: PMC3316267 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to high doses of the synthetic xenoestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been reported to alter femur length and strength in adult mice. However, it is not known if developmental exposure to low, environmentally relevant doses of xenoestrogens alters adult bone geometry and strength. In this study we investigated the effects of developmental exposure to low doses of DES, bisphenol A (BPA), or ethinyl estradiol (EE(2)) on bone geometry and torsional strength. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DES, 0.1 μg/kg/day, BPA, 10 μg/kg/day, EE(2), 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μg/kg/day, or vehicle from Gestation Day 11 to Postnatal Day 12 via a mini-osmotic pump in the dam. Developmental Xenoestrogen exposure altered femoral geometry and strength, assessed in adulthood by micro-computed tomography and torsional strength analysis, respectively. Low-dose EE(2), DES, or BPA increased adult femur length. Exposure to the highest dose of EE(2) did not alter femur length, resulting in a nonmonotonic dose response. Exposure to EE(2) and DES but not BPA decreased tensile strength. The combined effect of increased femur length and decreased tensile strength resulted in a trend toward decreased torsional ultimate strength and energy to failure. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of xenoestrogens may negatively impact bone length and strength in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pelch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Susan C. Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Aarts JMMJG, Evers NM, Peijnenburg AACM, Rietjens IMCM, Bovee TFH. Proliferation assays for estrogenicity testing with high predictive value for the in vivo uterotrophic effect. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 128:98-106. [PMID: 22138011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation assays based on human cell lines are the most used in vitro tests to determine estrogenic properties of compounds. Our objective was to characterise to what extent these in vitro tests provide alternatives for the in vivo Allen and Doisy test, a uterotrophic assay in immature or ovariectomised rodents with uterus weight as a crucial read-out parameter. In the present study four different human cell lines derived from three different female estrogen-sensitive tissues, i.e. breast (MCF-7/BOS and T47D), endometrial (ECC-1) and ovarian (BG-1) cells, were characterised by investigating their relative ERα and ERβ amounts, as the ERα/ERβ ratio is a dominant factor determining their estrogen-dependent proliferative responses. All four cell lines clearly expressed the ERα type and a very low but detectable amount of ERβ on both the mRNA and protein level, with the T47D cell line expressing the highest level of the ERβ type. Subsequently, a set of reference compounds representing different modes of estrogen action and estrogenic potency were used to investigate the proliferative response in the four cell lines, to determine which cell line most accurately predicts the effect observed in vivo. All four cell lines revealed a reasonable to good correlation with the in vivo uterotrophic effect, with the correlation being highest for the MCF-7/BOS cell line (R²=0.85). The main differences between the in vivo uterotrophic assay and the in vitro proliferation assays were observed for tamoxifen and testosterone. The proliferative response of the MCF-7/BOS cells to testosterone was partially caused by its conversion to estradiol by aromatase or via androstenedione to estrone. It is concluded that of the four cell lines tested, the best assay to include in an integrated testing strategy for replacement of the in vivo uterotrophic assay is the human MCF-7/BOS breast cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sreeja S, Santhosh Kumar TR, Lakshmi BS, Sreeja S. Pomegranate extract demonstrate a selective estrogen receptor modulator profile in human tumor cell lines and in vivo models of estrogen deprivation. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:725-32. [PMID: 21839626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are estrogen receptor (ER) ligands exhibiting tissue-specific agonistic or antagonistic biocharacter and are used in the hormonal therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Pomegranate fruit has been shown to exert antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the tissue-specific estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of methanol extract of pericarp of pomegranate (PME). PME was evaluated for antiproliferative activity at 20-320 μg/ml on human breast (MCF-7, MDA MB-231) endometrial (HEC-1A), cervical (SiHa, HeLa), ovarian (SKOV3) carcinoma and normal breast fibroblast (MCF-10A) cells. Competitive radioactive binding studies were carried out to ascertain whether PME interacts with ER. The reporter gene assay measured the estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of PME in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells transiently transfected with plasmids coding estrogen response elements with a reporter gene (pG5-ERE-luc) and wild-type ERα (hEG0-ER). PME inhibited the binding of [³H] estradiol to ER and suppressed the growth and proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells. PME binds ER and down-regulated the transcription of estrogen-responsive reporter gene transfected into breast cancer cells. The expressions of selected estrogen-responsive genes were down-regulated by PME. Unlike 17β-estradiol [1 mg/kg body weight (BW)] and tamoxifen (10 mg/kg BW), PME (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) did not increase the uterine weight and proliferation in ovariectomized mice and its cardioprotective effects were comparable to that of 17β-estradiol. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PME displays a SERM profile and may have the potential for prevention of estrogen-dependent breast cancers with beneficial effects in other hormone-dependent tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Sreeja
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marx-Stoelting P, Pfeil R, Solecki R, Ulbrich B, Grote K, Ritz V, Banasiak U, Heinrich-Hirsch B, Moeller T, Chahoud I, Hirsch-Ernst K. Assessment strategies and decision criteria for pesticides with endocrine disrupting properties relevant to humans. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:574-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Evans RM, Rahte S, Kortenkamp A. Inability to confirm estrogenicity of the heterocyclic amine PhIP in two in vitro assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1757-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Botelho GGK, Golin M, Bufalo AC, Morais RN, Dalsenter PR, Martino-Andrade AJ. Reproductive effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in immature male rats and its relation to cholesterol, testosterone, and thyroxin levels. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 57:777-784. [PMID: 19330368 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals employed in several industrial products and there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that they induce numerous adverse effects on the reproductive system. This study was carried out to assess possible alterations induced by the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on cholesterol, testosterone, and thyroxine (total T4) levels, as well as to discuss the significance of these data in global changes observed in the reproductive tract of pubertal animals. Wistar rats aged 21 days received DEHP orally at 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day for 30 days and were examined for different reproductive endpoints. At the end of the treatment, significant decreases in relative weight of testosterone-dependent organs, delayed preputial separation, and low serum testosterone were observed at the highest DEHP dose. The plot of the relationship between DEHP dose and serum cholesterol revealed a biphasic effect. The concentration of cholesterol in serum was significantly reduced at 250 mg/kg/day DEHP but returned to control values at 750 mg/kg/day. Cholesterol levels measured in testicular tissue increased with DEHP treatment. Serum T4 levels were not affected by DEHP at any dose, indicating the absence of a link between total thyroxin concentration and phthalate effects on cholesterol levels. Taken together these results indicate that effects observed in serum and testicular cholesterol levels may reflect distinct effects of DEHP on cholesterol synthesis and usage. These results confirm and extend previously reported findings showing that alterations in cholesterol balance may play a role in the suppression of steroidogenesis induced by DEHP in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana G K Botelho
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Müller JC, Botelho GGK, Bufalo AC, Boareto AC, Rattmann YD, Martins ES, Cabrini DA, Otuki MF, Dalsenter PR. Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni): in vivo and in vitro reproductive toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:229-233. [PMID: 19015020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Morinda citrifolia Linn (syn. Noni) is a plant widely used as food and medicine worldwide but there are no toxicological tests about this plant focused on reproduction. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate possible endocrine activity and toxic effect on the reproductive system of Wistar rats by exposure of aqueous extract of the Morinda citrifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experimental protocols in vivo were developed, (a) uterotrophic assay and (b) in utero and lactational assay, and one test in vitro to investigate the effect on the contractility of pregnant uteri isolated from rats (doses of the extract: 7.5, 75 and 750 mg/kg). RESULTS The uterotrophic assay indicates presence of in vivo antiestrogenic activity of extract at doses of 7.5 and 750 mg/kg. The in utero and lactation exposure showed that the treatment with extract at the dose of 7.5mg/kg induced a reduction of 50% in parturition index and an increase of 74% in postimplantation losses index. The in vitro test showed that uteri from rats treated with 7.5mg/kg of the extract presented a 50% reduction on contraction induced by arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION The exposure of aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia in Wistar rats induced reproductive toxicity in nonlinear dose-response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Variance of estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogen-rich plant. Maturitas 2008; 61:350-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Darbre PD, Harvey PW. Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:561-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Mercado-Feliciano M, Bigsby RM. The polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE-71 is mildly estrogenic. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:605-11. [PMID: 18470304 PMCID: PMC2367668 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely found in the environment, and they may act as endocrine disruptors. OBJECTIVE Our goal in this study was to test the PBDE mixture DE-71 for estrogenic activity. METHODS We used proliferation of cultured breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and trophic effects in the reproductive tracts of ovariectomized mice as estrogen bioassays. DE-71 was administered to mice by subcutaneous injection (sc) or oral gavage (po), alone or in combination with estradiol, for 3 or 34 days. Liver weights and cytochrome P450 enzyme activities were also measured. RESULTS DE-71 increased MCF-7 cell proliferation, and this was prevented by antiestrogen. DE-71 cotreatment reduced the effect of estradiol in MCF-7 cells. In the mouse 3-day assay, DE-71 administered alone had no effect on uterine weight, uterine epithelial height (UEH), or vaginal epithelial thickness (VET); however, when DE-71 was administered as a cotreatment, it potentiated estradiol's effect on uterine weight. DE-71 administered sc to BALB/c mice for 34 days slightly increased UEH and VET, and attenuated the estradiol-induced increase in UEH; these effects were not seen in BALB/c mice treated po or in C57BL/6 mice treated sc. DE-71 increased liver weight in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. We also found an increase in liver cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and CYP2B activities when DE-71 was administered po, but only CYP2B increased after sc treatment. CONCLUSION DE-71 behaves as a weak estrogen. In mice, the treatment route and duration determined if DE-71 was estrogenic. BALB/c mice are more susceptible to DE-71 effects in estrogen target tissues than C57BL/6 mice. DE-71 increased liver weight independently of estrogen receptor-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M. Bigsby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Address correspondence to R.M. Bigsby, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St. (IB360), Indianapolis, IN 46202-5121 USA. Telephone: (317) 274-8970. Fax: (317) 278-2884. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Analysis of Emerging Contaminants of Municipal and Industrial Origin. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74795-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) represent a good challenge for experimental toxicology. In order to deal with several critical points relevant to risk assessment: (a) ED may induce long-term effects upon exposure in susceptible developmental phases, including postnatal life up to puberty; thus, efforts are required to refine testing strategies, for example, by supporting the two-generation rodent study with a comprehensive in vitro/in vivo screening battery; (b) due to the regulatory role of endocrine homeostasis, mechanisms of endocrine disruption may impact on immune, neurobehavioral, and reproductive development, as well as on susceptibility to cancer; (c) the potential multiple exposure to ED with common targets through diet and/or living environment calls for the development of models to understand mechanisms of interactions and effects of mixtures; and (d) last but not least, ED may interact with a number of factors related to differential vulnerability of individuals or population subgroups, including the intake of nutrients or bioactive food components. Besides reducing the chance for noxious chemicals to enter our life, toxicological research on mechanisms may also lead to the definition of possible biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility that may be further exploited in human health surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|