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Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Karuppagounder V, Pinamont W, Yoshioka N, Elbarbary R, Kamal F. Early Gβγ-GRK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Development by Simultaneous Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147933. [PMID: 35887281 PMCID: PMC9323311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an important regulator of inflammation and pathological macrophage phenotype in a variety of diseases. We hypothesize that Gβγ-GRK2 signaling promotes the early inflammatory response and chondrocyte loss in osteoarthritis (OA). Using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model in 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, we determined the role of Gβγ-GRK2 signaling in synovitis, macrophage activation, and OA development. We achieved Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition at the time of DMM by administering the Gβγ inhibitor “gallein” and the GRK2 inhibitor “paroxetine” daily, starting from 2 days before DMM surgery, for a duration of 1 or 12 weeks. Synovial and cartilage structural changes were evaluated by histomorphometry, and molecular events and macrophage activation were examined. We studied the direct role of Gβγ-GRK2 in synovitis and macrophage activation in vitro using SW982 and THP1 cells. Continuous Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated at the time of DMM attenuated OA development and decreased chondrocyte loss more effectively than delayed treatment. GRK2 expression and the M1 macrophage phenotype were elevated in the inflamed synovium, while early gallein and paroxetine treatment for 1 and 12 weeks following DMM resulted in their reduction and an upregulated M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments showed that Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition attenuated synoviocyte inflammation and the M1 phenotype. We show that early Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition is of higher therapeutic efficacy in OA than delayed inhibition, as it prevents OA development by inhibiting the early inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - William Pinamont
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Natalie Yoshioka
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Reyad Elbarbary
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in a broad range of human diseases, including rare genetic disorders and complex acquired pathologies. For this reason, there is increasing interest in identifying safe and effective strategies to mitigate mitochondrial impairments. Natural compounds are widely used for multiple indications, and their broad healing properties suggest that several may improve mitochondrial function. This review focuses on (-)-epicatechin, a monomeric flavanol, and its effects on mitochondria. The review summarizes the available data on the effects of acute and chronic (-)-epicatechin supplementation on mitochondrial function, outlines the potential mechanisms involved in mitochondrial biogenesis induced by (-)-epicatechin supplementation and discusses some future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric N Daussin
- Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, Université de Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, Université de Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Interplay between Peripheral and Central Inflammation in Obesity-Promoted Disorders: The Impact on Synaptic Mitochondrial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175964. [PMID: 32825115 PMCID: PMC7504224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic dysfunctions induced by high fat diet (HFD) consumption are not limited to organs involved in energy metabolism but cause also a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that affects the whole body including the central nervous system. The brain has been considered for a long time to be protected from systemic inflammation by the blood–brain barrier, but more recent data indicated an association between obesity and neurodegeneration. Moreover, obesity-related consequences, such as insulin and leptin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, may anticipate and accelerate the physiological aging processes characterized by systemic inflammation and higher susceptibility to neurological disorders. Here, we discussed the link between obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, with particular attention to molecules regulating the interplay between energetic impairment and altered synaptic plasticity, for instance AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The effects of HFD-induced neuroinflammation on neuronal plasticity may be mediated by altered brain mitochondrial functions. Since mitochondria play a key role in synaptic areas, providing energy to support synaptic plasticity and controlling ROS production, the negative effects of HFD may be more pronounced in synapses. In conclusion, it will be emphasized how HFD-induced metabolic alterations, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and impaired brain plasticity are tightly interconnected processes, implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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Song K, Zhang Y, Ga Q, Bai Z, Ge RL. Increased Insulin Sensitivity by High-Altitude Hypoxia in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Is Associated with Activated AMPK Signaling and Subsequently Enhanced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscles. Obes Facts 2020; 13:455-472. [PMID: 32966981 PMCID: PMC7670386 DOI: 10.1159/000508112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether and how high altitude-associated ambient hypoxia affects insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Mice were randomly divided into a control group (with normal diet feeding and low-altitude housing), LA/HFD group (with HFD feeding and low-altitude housing), and HA/HFD group (with HFD feeding and high-altitude housing). RESULTS After 8 weeks, mice in the HA/HFD group showed improved insulin sensitivity-related indices compared with the LA/HFD group. In mice residing in a low-altitude region, HFD significantly impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial DNA content in skeletal muscles, which was partially reversed in mice in the HA/HFD group. In addition, the fatty acid oxidation-related enzyme gene CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) and genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were upregulated in the skeletal muscles of mice housed at high altitude, in comparison to in the LA/HFD group. Furthermore, AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling was activated in the skeletal muscles, as evidenced by a higher expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and protein kinase B (p-AKT) in the HA/HFD group than in the LA/HFD group. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that high-altitude hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed an HFD, which is associated with AMPK activation in the skeletal muscle and consequently enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. This work provides a molecular explanation for why high altitude is associated with a reduced incidence of insulin resistance in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China,
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China,
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China,
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Qin Ga
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
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Antioxidant Status in the Soleus Muscle of Sprague-Dawley Rats in Relation to Duodenal-Jejunal Omega Switch and Different Dietary Patterns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3795070. [PMID: 30116479 PMCID: PMC6079358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3795070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and chronic ingestion of lipid-rich meals are related to an enhanced oxidative stress (OS). Aims To examine the influence of duodenal-jejunal omega switch surgery in combination with different diets on the antioxidative status in the soleus muscle of rats. Methods After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in the soleus of rats. Results CAT and GPx activity were significantly lower after DJOS surgery versus SHAM, regardless of the type of diet. The activity of CAT, SOD, GR, CuZnSOD, and GPx was altered in the CD/HF or HF/CD groups. After DJOS, the lowest muscle concentration of MDA was observed in the CD/CD group and the highest in CD/HF. Conclusions DJOS surgery significantly decreases the antioxidative system in soleus muscles of rats. CD/HF and HF/CD dietary patterns lead to an increase in antioxidative activity, while remaining on unchanged diet (CD or HF) is associated with a reduced oxidative stress.
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Vazquez-Anaya G, Martinez B, Soñanez-Organis JG, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Exogenous thyroxine improves glucose intolerance in insulin-resistant rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:501-511. [PMID: 27980001 PMCID: PMC5419047 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with glucose intolerance, calling into question the contribution of thyroid hormones (TH) on glucose regulation. TH analogues and derivatives may be effective treatment options for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR), but their potential glucoregulatory effects during conditions of impaired metabolism are not well described. To assess the effects of thyroxine (T4) on glucose intolerance in a model of insulin resistance, an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed on three groups of rats (n = 8): (1) lean, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), (2) obese, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and (3) OLETF + T4 (8.0 µg/100 g BM/day × 5 weeks). T4 attenuated glucose intolerance by 15% and decreased IR index (IRI) by 34% in T4-treated OLETF compared to untreated OLETF despite a 31% decrease in muscle Glut4 mRNA expression. T4 increased the mRNA expressions of muscle monocarboxylate transporter 10 (Mct10), deiodinase type 2 (Di2), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) by 1.8-, 2.2-, 2.7- and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to OLETF. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin receptor were not significantly altered suggesting that the improvements in glucose intolerance and IR were independent of enhanced insulin-mediated signaling. The results suggest that T4 treatment increased the influx of T4 in skeletal muscle and, with an increase of DI2, increased the availability of the biologically active T3 to upregulate key factors such SIRT1 and UCP2 involved in cellular metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - José G Soñanez-Organis
- Division of Science and EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, Merced, California, USA
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Zeng P, Han W, Li C, Li H, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Liu X. miR-378 attenuates muscle regeneration by delaying satellite cell activation and differentiation in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:833-9. [PMID: 27563005 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and homeostasis during postnatal muscle development and regeneration largely depend on adult muscle stem cells (satellite cells). We recently showed that global overexpression of miR-378 significantly reduced skeletal muscle mass in mice. In the current study, we used miR-378 transgenic (Tg) mice to assess the in vivo functional effects of miR-378 on skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Cross-sectional analysis of skeletal muscle tissues showed that the number and size of myofibers were significantly lower in miR-378 Tg mice than in wild-type mice. Attenuated cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration in miR-378 Tg mice was found to be associated with delayed satellite cell activation and differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-378 was found to directly target Igf1r in muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo These miR-378 Tg mice may provide a model for investigating the physiological and pathological roles of skeletal muscle in muscle-associated diseases in humans, particularly in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- Division of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wanhong Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, China
| | - Changyin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730, China
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Effects of Icariin on insulin resistance via the activation of AMPK pathway in C2C12 mouse muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:60-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ha BG, Park JE, Cho HJ, Shon YH. Stimulatory Effects of Balanced Deep Sea Water on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129972. [PMID: 26068191 PMCID: PMC4466323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, is increasing. Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a core feature of these diseases. Emerging evidence also suggests that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis, number, morphology, fusion, and fission, contribute to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Our previous studies revealed that balanced deep-sea water (BDSW) has potential as a treatment for diabetes and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which BDSW regulates diabetes and obesity by studying its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. To determine whether BDSW regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we investigated its effects on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial enzyme activity, and the expression of transcription factors and mitochondria specific genes, as well as on the phosphorylation of signaling molecules associated with mitochondria biogenesis and its function in C2C12 myotubes. BDSW increased mitochondrial biogenesis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that BDSW enhances gene expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM for mitochondrial transcription; MFN1/2 and DRP1 for mitochondrial fusion; OPA1 for mitochondrial fission; TOMM40 and TIMM44 for mitochondrial protein import; CPT-1α and MCAD for fatty acid oxidation; CYTC for oxidative phosphorylation. Upregulation of these genes was validated by increased mitochondria staining, CS activity, CytC oxidase activity, NAD+ to NADH ratio, and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules such as AMPK and SIRT1. Moreover, drinking BDSW remarkably improved mtDNA content in the muscles of HFD-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the stimulatory effect of BDSW on mitochondrial biogenesis and function may provide further insights into the regulatory mechanism of BDSW-induced anti-diabetic and anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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The Carotid Body Does Not Mediate the Acute Ventilatory Effects of Leptin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 860:379-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
The beneficial metabolic effects of adiponectin which confer insulin-sensitizing and anti-diabetic effects are well established. Skeletal muscle is an important target tissue for adiponectin where it regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism directly and via insulin sensitizing effects. Cell surface receptors and the intracellular signaling events via which adiponectin orchestrates metabolism are now becoming well characterized. The initially accepted dogma of adiponectin action was that the physiological effects were mediated via endocrine effects of adipose-derived adiponectin. However, in recent years it has been established that skeletal muscle can also produce and secrete adiponectin that can elicit important functional effects. There is evidence that skeletal muscle adiponectin resistance may develop in obesity and play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In summary, adiponectin acting in an autocrine and endocrine manner has important metabolic and insulin sensitizing effects on skeletal muscle which contribute to the overall anti-diabetic outcome of adiponectin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Cioffi F, Senese R, Lanni A, Goglia F. Thyroid hormones and mitochondria: with a brief look at derivatives and analogues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 379:51-61. [PMID: 23769708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a multiplicity of effects. Early in life, they mainly affect development and differentiation, while later on they have particularly important influences over metabolic processes in almost all tissues. It is now quite widely accepted that thyroid hormones have two types of effects on mitochondria. The first is a rapid stimulation of respiration, which is evident within minutes/hours after hormone treatment, and it is probable that extranuclear/non-genomic mechanisms underlie this effect. The second response occurs one to several days after hormone treatment, and leads to mitochondrial biogenesis and to a change in mitochondrial mass. The hormone signal for the second response involves both T3-responsive nuclear genes and a direct action of T3 at mitochondrial binding sites. T3, by binding to a specific mitochondrial receptor and affecting the transcription apparatus, may thus act in a coordinated manner with the T3 nuclear pathway to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover. Transcription factors, coactivators, corepressors, signaling pathways and, perhaps, all play roles in these mechanisms. This review article focuses chiefly on TH, but also looks briefly at some analogues and derivatives (on which the data is still somewhat patchy). We summarize data obtained recently and in the past to try to obtain an updated picture of the current research position concerning the metabolic effects of TH, with particular emphasis on those exerted via mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Luciano-Mateo F, Camps J, Menéndez JA, Joven J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a basic mechanism in inflammation-related non-communicable diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:135698. [PMID: 23533299 PMCID: PMC3603328 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not necessarily a predisposing factor for disease. It is the handling of fat and/or excessive energy intake that encompasses the linkage of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism to the deleterious effects associated with the continuous excess of food ingestion. The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. Tobacco use and obesity accompanied by an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the main factors that underlie noncommunicable diseases. The implication is that the management of energy or food intake, which is the main role of mitochondria, is involved in the most common diseases. In this study, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mutual relationships between causative conditions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that fuse and divide in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status, and energy requirements. These organelles act to supply the cell with ATP and to synthesise key molecules in the processes of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism. Therefore, energy sensors and management effectors are determinants in the course and development of diseases. Regulating mitochondrial function may require a multifaceted approach that includes drugs and plant-derived phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that improve mitochondrial biogenesis and act to modulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menéndez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 1707 Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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