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Abeysinghe S, Jeong WG, Kwon EE, Baek K. Biodiesel production, calcium recovery, and adsorbent synthesis using dairy sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131494. [PMID: 39326532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Dairy sludge (DS) consists of organic compounds such as lipids and valuable inorganic elements. Biodiesel recovery from dairy sludge extract (DSE), using conventional acid (trans)esterification yielded only 16.5 wt%. In contrast, non-catalytic (trans)esterification generated a substantially higher biodiesel yield of approximately 74.0 wt% due to the method's tolerance for impurities. Defatted dairy sludge (DDS) contained a higher Ca concentration than DS. DDS-produced biochar (DDSB) increased its Ca concentration predominantly in the form of CaO. 91.1% of the Ca was recovered from the DDSB containing Ca. The Ca remaining in the biochar residue (DDSBR) after Ca recovery was in the form of CaCO3. The porous structure developed as the Ca dissolved, implying that DDSBR could be an effective pollutant adsorbent. In this study, a method is proposed to maximize the utilization of DS by producing biodiesel, recovering Ca content, and using it as a pollutant adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakya Abeysinghe
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gune Jeong
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental, and Resources-Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Abedalkarem M, Dabbour O, Asli S. Enhancing methane yield and shifting microbial communities in anaerobic reactors treating lipid-rich dairy wastewater through exogenous lipase addition. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39264050 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2399042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study explores a novel enzymatic pretreatment approach in anaerobic reactors for dairy wastewater, using lipase AY Amano to enhance methane production and modify microbial and archaeal community composition. Batch and semi-batch reactors with a total volume of 2000 mL were used to treat dairy wastewater with initial COD of 2000 and 15,000 mg L-1, respectively. In a new novel approach, the semi-batch reactors underwent a three-phase operation: 30 days of acclimation, 30 days of rest, and 30 days of active operation. Adding lipase (0.05% wv-1) as a pretreatment significantly increased methane yield over the 90 days by 135-138% compared with the control (without enzyme addition). The organic loading rate reached 0.22 g COD day-1 L-1. Furthermore, 30 days after the end of the semi-batch reactor approach (120 days from the start), reusing sludge in batch reactors increased methane yield by 114-122% compared to the control. This increase was linked to the emergence and shift of new methanogenic communities within the sludge. Integrating hydrolytic enzymes into the anaerobic treatment enhances performance and sustainability by fostering methanogen-enriched microbial communities. This is crucial for maximizing methane production but may increase costs, requiring further economic feasibility research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abedalkarem
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, Israel
| | - Omamah Dabbour
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, Israel
| | - Sare Asli
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, Israel
- The Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah, Israel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Pasalari H, Moosavi A, Kermani M, Sharifi R, Farzadkia M. A systematic review on garbage enzymes and their applications in environmental processes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116369. [PMID: 38678793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the new insight on conversion of organic waste into value-added products can improve the environmental activities driven by microorganisms and return the nutrients to environment and earth. Here, we comprehensively review the available knowledge on application of garbage enzyme (GE) for different environmental activities including waste activated sludge, composting process, landfill leachate treatment, soil remediation and wastewater treatment with special focus on their efficiency. To identify peer-reviewed studies published in English-language journals, a comprehensive search was performed across multiple electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase. The search was conducted systematically using relevant keywords. The eligible studies were analyzed to extract data and information pertaining to components of GE, fermentation process operational parameters, type of hydrolytic enzymes and improved environmental performance. The findings derived from this current review demonstrated that GE produced from the fruit and vegetable peels, molasses or brown sugar (carbon source), and water within fermentation process contain different hydrolytic enzymes in order to facilitate the organic waste degradation. Therefore, GE can be considered as a promising and efficient pathway in order to improve the environmental activities depended on microorganism including, composting, wastewater and leachate treatment and bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Pasalari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Moosavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Rasit N, Wan Ab Karim Ghani WA, Che Harun MH, Hamzah S, Seswoya R, Siddique MNI. Feeding frequency efficacy on biogas yield of oily substrate anaerobic digestion in continuous stir tank reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2796-2811. [PMID: 38822615 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of oily substrate, known as grease trap waste (GTW), was investigated for its practicability via continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at different operating conditions and selected recovery strategies of feeding frequency efficacy. This study determine the performance of feeding frequency efficacy, namely feeding every 24 hours (R24H) and feeding every 12 hours (R12H). Under organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.2 gCOD/L.day, R12H exhibited methane composition of 57%, methane production rate of 0.27 LCH4/L.day, and methane yield of 0.14 LCH4/gCODremoved. At the same OLR, R24H recorded methane composition of 60%, methane production rate of 0.29 LCH4/L.day and similar methane yield as R12H. Findings indicated that R24H showed performance comparable to that of R12H. Given minor variation observed in performance, it is recommended that plant operators may consider scheduling two feedings per day for low loading conditions and switch to one feeding per day for higher loading conditions. This strategy is designed to balance the system and prevent shock loads, which could lead to plant shutdowns. This mechanism will induce their conversion to volatile fatty acids (VFAs); thus, reducing the risk of acid accumulation and pH drops, which could inhibit methanogens to produce methane, especially for oily substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaitulshila Rasit
- Environmental Sustainable Material Research Interest Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hakim Che Harun
- Environmental Sustainable Material Research Interest Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Hamzah
- Environmental Sustainable Material Research Interest Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Seswoya
- Advanced Waste Recovery and Air Studies, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Md Nurul Islam Siddique
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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5
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He K, Liu Y, Tian L, He W, Cheng Q. Review in anaerobic digestion of food waste. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28200. [PMID: 38560199 PMCID: PMC10979283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the special property of food waste (FW), anaerobic digestion of food waste is facing many challenges like foaming, acidification, ammonia nitrogen and (NH4+-N) inhibition which resulted in a low biogas yield. A better understanding on the problems exiting in the FW anaerobic digestion would enhance the bio-energy recovery and increase the stable operation. Meanwhile, to overcome the bottle necks, pretreatment, co-digestion and additives is proposed as well as the solutions to improve biogas yield in FW digestion system. At last, future research directions regarding FW anaerobic digestion were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefang He
- School of Management, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Longjin Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Wanyou He
- School of Management, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Qunpeng Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
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6
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Xu Q, Liao Y, Cho E, Ko JH. Effects of biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and lipid-rich substrates. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:455-467. [PMID: 32091971 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1733133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although biochar addition into the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is an efficient means to enhance methane production, the effects of biochar on various FW components remain unclear. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB) supplementation on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of major FW components, including carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and lipid-rich substrates. The lag phase of AD with the carbohydrate-rich substrate was 48.6% shorter when SSB was added, and the cumulative methane yield was 4.74 times higher compared to AD without biochar. SSB supplementation also increased the rate of methane production from the lipid-rich substrate. However, the effect of SSB addition on AD of the protein-rich substrate was minor. Analysis of the microbial communities revealed that methanogen growth was enhanced during AD of the carbohydrate-rich and lipid-rich substrates, but not the protein-rich substrate, following SSB supplementation. Also, the most dominant methanogenic genus varied with the substrates. SSB addition promoted the growth of hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria, particularly phylum Bacteroidetes.Implications: Biochar supplementation has been studied to overcome the shortcomings of anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the effects of biochar on different substrates remain unclear. This study compared carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and lipid-rich substrates in anaerobic digestion with sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB). SSB supplementation improved methane generation from all but the protein-rich substrate. The study results imply that the effect of SSB addition on AD varied with the substrate due to the substrates underwent different degradation processes with different microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yuqing Liao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Eunil Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
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7
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Conversion of waste cooking oil into biogas: perspectives and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2833-2856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Yao Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Han L, Liu X. Insights into the improvement of the enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine bone protein using lipase pretreatment. Food Chem 2020; 302:125199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Nzila A, Razzak SA, Sankara S, Nazal MK, Al-Momani M, Kang GU, Ibal JC, Shin JH. Characterisation and microbial community analysis of lipid utilising microorganisms for biogas formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224989. [PMID: 31703100 PMCID: PMC6839884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the anaerobic process, fat-oil-grease (FOG) is hydrolysed to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and glycerol (GLYC), which are then used as substrates to produce biogas. The increase in FOG and LCFAs inhibits methanogenesis, and so far, most work investigating this inhibition has been carried out when FOG or LCFAs were used as co-substrates. In the current work, the inhibition of methanogenesis by FOG, LCFAs and GLYC was investigated when used as sole substrates. To gain more insight on the dynamics of this process, the change of microbial community was analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicate that, as the concentrations of cooking olive oil (CO, which represents FOG) and LCFAs increase, methanogenesis is inhibited. For instance, at 0.01 g. L-1 of FOG, the rate of biogas formation was around 8 ml.L-1.day-1, and this decreased to <4 ml.L-1.day-1 at 40 g.L-1. Similar results were observed with the use of LCFAs. However, GLYC concentrations up to 100g.L-1 did not affect the rate of biogas formation. Acidic pH, temperature > = 45°C and NaCl > 3% led to a significant decrease in the rate of biogas formation. Microbial community analyses were carried out from samples from 3 different bioreactors (CO, OLEI and GLYC), on day 1, 5 and 15. In each bioreactor, microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. The most important families were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae (Proteobacteria phylum), Clostridiacea and Ruminococcaceae (Firmicutes) and Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidaceae (Bacteroidetes). In CO bioreactor, Proteobacteria bacteria decreased over time, while those of OLEI and GLYC bioreactors increased. A more pronounced increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were observed in CO bioreactor. The methanogenic archaea Methanobacteriaceae and Methanocorpusculaceae were identified. This analysis has shown that a set of microbial population is selected as a function of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nzila
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikh Abdur Razzak
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Sankara
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen K. Nazal
- Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Al-Momani
- Departments of Mathematics & Statistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gi-Ung Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerald Conrad Ibal
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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10
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Golunski SM, Mulinari J, Camargo AF, Venturin B, Baldissarelli DP, Marques CT, Vargas GDLP, Colla LM, Mossi A, Treichel H. Ultrasound effects on the activity of Aspergillus niger
lipases in their application in dairy wastewater treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Golunski
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Jessica Mulinari
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Bruno Venturin
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Daiane P. Baldissarelli
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Camila Torbes Marques
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Gean D. L. P. Vargas
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - Altemir Mossi
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
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11
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Affes M, Aloui F, Hadrich F, Loukil S, Sayadi S. Effect of bacterial lipase on anaerobic co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater and grease in batch condition and continuous fixed-bed reactor. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:195. [PMID: 29017503 PMCID: PMC5634824 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial lipase on biogas production of anaerobic co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHWW) and hydrolyzed grease (HG). A neutrophilic Staphylococcus xylosus strain exhibiting lipolytic activity was used to perform microbial hydrolysis pretreatment of poultry slaughterhouse lipid rich waste. Results Optimum proportion of hydrolyzed grease was evaluated by determining biochemical methane potential. A high biogas production was observed in batch containing a mixture of slaughterhouse composed of 75% SHWW and 25% hydrolyzed grease leading to a biogas yield of 0.6 L/g COD introduced. Fixed bed reactor (FBR) results confirmed that the proportion of 25% of hydrolyzed grease gives the optimum condition for the digester performance. Biogas production was significantly high until an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 g COD/L. d. Conclusion This study indicates that the use of biological pre-treatment and FBR for the co-digestion of SHWW and hydrolyzed grease is feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Affes
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, LMI Cosys-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Aloui
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, LMI Cosys-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Hadrich
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, LMI Cosys-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Loukil
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, LMI Cosys-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, LMI Cosys-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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12
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Petta L, De Gisi S, Casella P, Farina R, Notarnicola M. Evaluation of the treatability of a winery distillery (vinasse) wastewater by UASB, anoxic-aerobic UF-MBR and chemical precipitation/adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 201:177-189. [PMID: 28662422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A multi-stage pilot-scale treatment cycle consisting of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB) followed by an anoxic-aerobic Ultra Filtration Membrane Bio Reactor (UF-MBR) and a post treatment based on chemical precipitation with lime or adsorption on Granular Activated Carbons (GAC), was applied in order to evaluate the treatment feasibility of a real winery distillery wastewater at laboratory and bench scale. The wastewater was classified as high strength with acidic pH (3.8), and concentrations of 44,600, 254, 604 and 660 mg/l for CODtot, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and phenols, respectively. The UASB reactor was operated at Organic Loading Rates (OLR) in the range 3.0-11.5 kgCODtot/m3/d achieving treatment efficiency up to 97%, with an observed methane production of 340 L of CH4/kgCOD. The MBR system was operated with an organic load in the range 0.070-0.185 kgCOD/kgVSS/d, achieving a removal up to 48%, 67% and 65% of the influent COD, total nitrogen and phenols, respectively. The combination of UASB and UF-MBR treatment units was not effective in phosphate and colour removal assigning to further chemical precipitation and adsorption processes, respectively, their complete removal in order to comply with legal standards for wastewater discharge. Subsequently, the optimization of the investigated treatment chain was assessed by applying a chemical precipitation step upstream and downstream the UASB reactor, and a related treatment unit cost assessment is presented in view of a further technological scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Petta
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, "Water, Waste and Raw Materials Integrated Management Technologies" Lab., Via Martiri di Monte Sole n. 4, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, BA, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, "Environmental Biogeochemistry" Lab., Piazzale Enrico Fermi n. 1, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, "Water, Waste and Raw Materials Integrated Management Technologies" Lab., Via Martiri di Monte Sole n. 4, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, BA, Italy
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13
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Hares Júnior SJ, Ract JNR, Gioielli LA, Vitolo M. Conversion of Triolein Into Mono- and Diacylglycerols by Immobilized Lipase. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Meng Y, Luan F, Yuan H, Chen X, Li X. Enhancing anaerobic digestion performance of crude lipid in food waste by enzymatic pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:48-55. [PMID: 27839678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three lipases were applied to hydrolyze the floatable grease (FG) in the food waste for eliminating FG inhibition and enhancing digestion performance in anaerobic process. Lipase-I, Lipase-II, and Lipase-III obtained from different sources were used. Animal fat (AF) and vegetable oil (VO) are major crude lipids in Chinese food waste, therefore, applied as substrates for anaerobic digestion tests. The results showed that Lipase-I and Lipase-II were capable of obviously releasing long chain fatty acid in AF, VO, and FG when hydrolyzed in the conditions of 24h, 1000-1500μL and 40-50°C. Compared to the untreated controls, the biomethane production rate were increased by 80.8-157.7%, 26.9-53.8%, and 37.0-40.7% for AF, VO, and FG, respectively, and the digestion time was shortened by 10-40d. The finding suggests that pretreating lipids with appropriate lipase could be one of effective methods for enhancing anaerobic digestion of food waste rich in crude lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fubo Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hairong Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Chen
- China Power Conservation & Environment Protection CO., LTD, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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15
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Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Sequential parametric optimization of methane production from different sources of forest raw material. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1163. [PMID: 26539186 PMCID: PMC4611140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in environmental problems and the shortage of fossil fuels have led to the need for action in the development of sustainable and renewable fuels. Methane is produced through anaerobic digestion of organic materials and is a biofuel with very promising characteristics. The success in using methane as a biofuel has resulted in the operation of several commercial-scale plants and the need to exploit novel materials to be used. Forest biomass can serve as an excellent candidate for use as raw material for anaerobic digestion. During this work, both hardwood and softwood species-which are representative of the forests of Sweden-were used for the production of methane. Initially, when untreated forest materials were used for the anaerobic digestion, the yields obtained were very low, even with the addition of enzymes, reaching a maximum of only 40 mL CH4/g VS when birch was used. When hydrothermal pretreatment was applied, the enzymatic digestibility improved up to 6.7 times relative to that without pretreatment, and the yield of methane reached up to 254 mL CH4/g VS. Then the effect of chemical/enzymatic detoxification was examined, where laccase treatment improved the methane yield from the more harshly pretreated materials while it had no effect on the more mildly pretreated material. Finally, addition of cellulolytic enzymes during the digestion improved the methane yields from spruce and pine, whereas for birch separate saccharification was more beneficial. To achieve high yields in spruce 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g was necessary, whereas 15 FPU/g was enough when pine and birch were used. During this work, the highest methane yields obtained from pine and birch were 179.9 mL CH4/g VS and 304.8 mL CH4/g VS, respectively. For mildly and severely pretreated spruce, the methane yields reached 259.4 mL CH4/g VS and 276.3 mL CH4/g VS, respectively. We have shown that forest material can serve as raw material for efficient production of methane. The initially low yields from the untreated materials were significantly improved by the introduction of a hydrothermal pretreatment. Moreover, enzymatic detoxification was beneficial, but mainly for severely pretreated materials. Finally, enzymatic saccharification increased the methane yields even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
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Domingues R, Sanches T, Silva G, Bueno B, Ribeiro R, Kamimura E, Franzolin Neto R, Tommaso G. Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of milk fat for biogas production. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kanmani P, Kumaresan K, Aravind J. Pretreatment of coconut mill effluent using celite-immobilized hydrolytic enzyme preparation from Staphylococcus pasteuri and its impact on anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1249-58. [PMID: 26033963 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biological treatment of oil and grease (O&G)-containing industrial effluents has long been a challenging issue. Practically feasible avenues to bring down their O&G load and enhance treatability are desired. In one such endeavour, the partially purified lipase from Staphylococcus pasteuri COM-4A was immobilized on celite carrier and applied for the enzymatic hydrolysis of unsterilized coconut oil mill effluent. In batch hydrolysis experiments, optimum conditions of 1% (w/v) immobilized lipase beads, one in four effluent dilution, and a contact time of 30 h resulted in 46% and 24% increase in volatile fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids and a concomitant 52% and 32% decrease in O&G and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, respectively. Batch anaerobic biodegradation trials with this prehydrolyzed effluent showed 89%, 91%, and 90% decrease in COD, proteins, and reducing sugars, respectively. These results were validated in a hybrid stirred tank--upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Average COD and O&G reductions effected by the hybrid reactor were found to be 89% and 88%, whereas that by the control reactor without enzymatic hydrolysis were only 60% and 47%, respectively. A maximum of 0.86 L methane gas was generated by the hybrid reactor per gram of VS added. Hence, this celite-immobilized crude lipase, sourced from a native laboratory isolate, seems to be a workable alternative to commercial enzyme preparations for the management of lipid-rich industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Kanmani
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kuppamuthu Kumaresan
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyaseelan Aravind
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Pretreatment of cottage cheese to enhance biogas production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:374562. [PMID: 24995288 PMCID: PMC4065734 DOI: 10.1155/2014/374562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the possibility of pretreating selected solid fraction of an anaerobic digester treating food waste to lower the hydraulic retention time and increase the methane production. The study investigated the effect of different pretreatments (thermal, chemical, thermochemical and enzymatic) for enhanced methane production from cottage cheese. The most effective pretreatments were thermal and enzymatic. Highest solubilisation of COD was observed in thermal pretreatment, followed by thermochemical. In single enzyme systems, lipase at low concentration gave significantly higher methane yield than for the experiments without enzyme additions. The highest lipase dosages decreased methane yield from cottage cheese. However, in case of protease enzyme an increase in concentration of the enzyme showed higher methane yield. In the case of mixed enzyme systems, pretreatment at 1 : 2 ratio of lipase : protease showed higher methane production in comparison with 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratios. Methane production potentials for different pretreatments were as follows: thermal 357 mL/g VS, chemical 293 mL/g VS, and thermochemical 441 mL/g VS. The average methane yield from single enzyme systems was 335 mL/g VS for lipase and 328 mL/g VS for protease. Methane potentials for mixed enzyme ratios were 330, 360, and 339 mL/g VS for 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 2 : 1 lipase : protease, respectively.
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19
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Adulkar TV, Rathod VK. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic pre-treatment of high fat content dairy wastewater. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1083-1089. [PMID: 24380806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the application of ultrasound in a dairy waste water treatment for the removal of fat using enzyme as a catalyst. Lipase Z was used to perform the enzymatic pre-hydrolysis of a synthetic dairy wastewater containing around 2000 mg/L of fat content coupled with ultrasound irradiation. Different process parameters like effect of enzyme loading, temperature, ultrasound power, frequency, duty cycle and speed of agitation are optimized. The maximum hydrolysis of 78% is achieved at 0.2% enzyme loading (w/v), 30°C temperature, 165 W of ultrasonication power at 25 kHz and 66% duty cycle. It was observed that the enzymatic pre-hydrolysis under the influence of ultrasound drastically reduces the reaction time from 24h to 40 min as compared to conventional stirring with improved yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal V Adulkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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20
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Teo CW, Wong PCY. Enzyme augmentation of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating sewage containing organic particulates. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 48:335-44. [PMID: 24139106 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes offer the potential for enhancing the hydrolysis of organic particulates, which tends to be rate limiting in the anaerobic treatment of particulate containing wastewaters. In this study, the effects of enzyme augmentation on the biological performance of a laboratory submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) were investigated. A hydrolytic enzyme blend containing proteases, amylases and lipases was added to the bioreactor daily at doses ranging from 0.9 to 18 mL/g of influent COD to enhance the hydrolysis of organic particulates and soluble macromolecules. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in the reduction of total and volatile suspended solids by approximately 19% and 22%, respectively, on the average. Overall COD removal efficiency was unaffected while the average biogas production increased from 0.27 to 0.34 L/g of influent COD. Additionally, the concentrations of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) decreased and increased respectively, suggesting the enzymatic hydrolysis of EPS to SMP. Low enzymatic activities were detected throughout the entire study, probably due to the instability of free enzymes in the bioreactor environment. Nevertheless, membrane retention of exogenous enzymes within the AnMBR is an inherent feature, as evidenced by size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wee Teo
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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21
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Wagner AO, Schwarzenauer T, Illmer P. Improvement of methane generation capacity by aerobic pre-treatment of organic waste with a cellulolytic Trichoderma viride culture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:357-360. [PMID: 23988521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma viride is known as a potent cellulose decomposer and was successfully used to improve and accelerate the decomposition process of aerobic composting. In contrast, the role of fungi as pre-treatment organisms for anaerobic digestion is not clear, since the fast aerobic decomposition is thought to be responsible for a rapid depletion of easily available nutrients, leading to a lack of these for the anaerobic community. In the present study carried out in lab-scale, the application of T. viride for the aerobic pre-incubation of organic matter derived from the inlet port of a 750,000 L anaerobic digester led to an increase in total gas and methane production in a subsequent anaerobic digestion step. A high cellulase activity caused by the addition of T. viride seemed to be responsible for a better nutrient availability for anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, aerobic pre-incubation of organic residues with T. viride for subsequent anaerobic digestion is a promising approach in order to increase methane yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Otto Wagner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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22
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Cesaro A, Belgiorno V. Sonolysis and ozonation as pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:931-936. [PMID: 23231941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the efficiency of sonolysis and ozonation in improving anaerobic biodegradability of source sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste, for the enhancing of biogas production and energy recovery as well. The methane yield of solid organic material anaerobic digestion is significantly affected by substrate availability, which can be favoured by pretreatments. In this investigation, both sonolysis and ozonation effects on substrate solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability were evaluated under different treatment conditions. Results show that both pretreatments can significantly improve the solubilisation of organic solid waste. However, during ozonation experiments, no correlation was observed between increased solubilisation and biogas production: the application of higher ozone doses led to the formation of by-products less biodegradable than untreated substrate. This evidence makes the ultrasound process more efficient than ozonation and addresses further studies for sonolysis optimisation as pretreatment for solid waste anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cesaro
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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23
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Mendes AA, Oliveira PC, de Castro HF. Properties and biotechnological applications of porcine pancreatic lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Cesaro A, Naddeo V, Amodio V, Belgiorno V. Enhanced biogas production from anaerobic codigestion of solid waste by sonolysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:596-600. [PMID: 21962478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of sonolysis in improving the anaerobic biodegradability of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste coming from mechanical selection, thus enhancing biogas production and energy recovery as well. Methane yield of solid organic material anaerobic digestion is significantly affected by substrate availability that was evaluated, in this investigation, through organic matter solubilisation tests carried out at different conditions of ultrasound treatment. Results show that sonolysis can significantly improve the solubilisation of organic solid waste, thus allowing higher biogas production from anaerobic treatment of sonicated substrates. After 45 days, the biogas produced during anaerobic codigestion tests for the sonicated mixture was 24% higher than untreated one. Therefore, these results can lay the basis for the development of technologies useful to produce high biogas quantities, in order to improve clean energy generation from biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cesaro
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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25
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Luste S, Luostarinen S. Enhanced methane production from ultrasound pre-treated and hygienized dairy cattle slurry. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:2174-9. [PMID: 21592760 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hygienization (70 °C, 60 min) and ultrasound (6000 ± 500 kJ/kg total solids (TS)) pre-treatments on hydrolysis and biological methane (CH(4)) potential (BMP) of dairy cattle slurry was studied. The BMP of the untreated slurry (control) was 210 ± 10 Nm(3) CH(4)/ton volatile solids (VS) added; after ultrasound pre-treatment it was 250 ± 10 Nm(3) CH(4)/ton VS(added) and after hygienization 280 ± 20 Nm(3) CH(4)/ton VS(added). The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the inoculum increased from 22 (untreated) to 26 (ultrasound treated) and up to 28 N ml CH(4)/g VS d, after hygienization. However, only hygienization achieved a positive net energy balance. Both pre-treatments increased the VS-based hydrolysis of slurry (10-96%), soluble nitrogen (N(sol)) content in digestates (20 ± 5%) and biodegradability of the slurry (8 ± 3%) as estimated via elevated VS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Luste
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta I E, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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26
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Parawira W. Enzyme research and applications in biotechnological intensification of biogas production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:172-86. [PMID: 21851320 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.595384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biogas technology provides an alternative source of energy to fossil fuels in many parts of the world. Using local resources such as agricultural crop remains, municipal solid wastes, market wastes and animal waste, energy (biogas), and manure are derived by anaerobic digestion. The hydrolysis process, where the complex insoluble organic materials are hydrolysed by extracellular enzymes, is a rate-limiting step for anaerobic digestion of high-solid organic solid wastes. Biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis are areas in need of drastic improvement for economic production of biogas from complex organic matter such as lignocellulosic material and sewage sludge. Despite development of pretreatment techniques, sugar release from complex biomass still remains an expensive and slow step, perhaps the most critical in the overall process. This paper gives an updated review of the biotechnological advances to improve biogas production by microbial enzymatic hydrolysis of different complex organic matter for converting them into fermentable structures. A number of authors have reported significant improvement in biogas production when crude and commercial enzymes are used in the pretreatment of complex organic matter. There have been studies on the improvement of biogas production from lignocellulolytic materials, one of the largest and renewable sources of energy on earth, after pretreatment with cellulases and cellulase-producing microorganisms. Lipids (characterised as oil, grease, fat, and free long chain fatty acids, LCFA) are a major organic compound in wastewater generated from the food processing industries and have been considered very difficult to convert into biogas. Improved methane yield has been reported in the literature when these lipid-rich wastewaters are pretreated with lipases and lipase-producing microorganisms. The enzymatic treatment of mixed sludge by added enzymes prior to anaerobic digestion has been shown to result in improved degradation of the sludge and an increase in methane production. Strategies for enzyme dosing to enhance anaerobic digestion of the different complex organic rich materials have been investigated. This review also highlights the various challenges and opportunities that exist to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of complex organic matter for biogas production. The arguments in favor of enzymes to pretreat complex biomass are compelling. The high cost of commercial enzyme production, however, still limits application of enzymatic hydrolysis in full-scale biogas production plants, although production of low-cost enzymes and genetic engineering are addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Parawira
- Department of Applied Biology, Kigali Institute of Science and Technology, Rwanda.
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27
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Valladão ABG, Torres AG, Freire DMG, Cammarota MC. Profiles of fatty acids and triacylglycerols and their influence on the anaerobic biodegradability of effluents from poultry slaughterhouse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7043-7050. [PMID: 21576016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse containing 800 mg oil and grease (O&G)/L was conducted with 1% (w/v) of an enzymatic pool obtained by solid-state fermentation with the fungus Penicillium restrictum. The chromatographic evaluation of the lipid profile during hydrolysis indicated a higher concentration of acids after 4h of reaction (2954 mg/L), with a predominance of oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids. Effluent aliquots were collected after 4, 8, and 24h of hydrolysis and tested for anaerobic biodegradation in sequential batches. An adaptation of the biomass was observed, both in the control experiment (with non-hydrolyzed raw effluent) and in the experiments with enzymatically pre-treated effluent. The specific methane production in the control experiment was 0.248 L CH(4)/g COD(consumed), and in the experiment with effluent pre-treated for 4h, this production was 0.393 L CH(4)/g COD(consumed), indicating a higher methane production after enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B G Valladão
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. A, Sl. 549, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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28
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Boyce A, Piterina AV, Walsh G. Assessment of the potential suitability of selected commercially available enzymes for cleaning-in-place (CIP) in the dairy industry. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:837-850. [PMID: 20931416 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.522705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential suitability of 10 commercial protease and lipase products for cleaning-in-place (CIP) application in the dairy industry was investigated on a laboratory scale. Assessment was based primarily on the ability of the enzymes to remove an experimentally generated milk fouling deposit from stainless steel (SS) panels. Three protease products were identified as being most suitable for this application on the basis of their cleaning performance at 40 °C, which was comparable to that of the commonly used cleaning agent, 1% NaOH at 60 °C. This was judged by quantification of residual organic matter and protein on the SS surface after cleaning and analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Enzyme activity was removed/inactivated under conditions simulating those normally undertaken after cleaning (rinsing with water, acid circulation, sanitation). Preliminary process-scale studies strongly suggest that enzyme-based CIP achieves satisfactory cleaning at an industrial scale. Cost analysis indicates that replacing caustic-based cleaning procedures with biodegradable enzymes operating at lower temperatures would be economically viable. Additional potential benefits include decreased energy and water consumption, improved safety, reduced waste generation, greater compatibility with wastewater treatment processes and a reduction in the environmental impact of the cleaning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boyce
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences, and Materials & Surface Sciences Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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29
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Production of Lipase from Candida rugosa Using Cheese Whey through Experimental Design and Surface Response Methodology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Gannoun H, Bouallagui H, Okbi A, Sayadi S, Hamdi M. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biologically pretreated abattoir wastewaters in an upflow anaerobic filter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 170:263-271. [PMID: 19501962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis pretreatment of abattoir wastewaters (AW), rich in organic suspended solids (fats and protein) was studied in static and stirred batch reactors without aeration in the presence of natural microbial population acclimated in a storage tank of AW. Microbial analysis showed that the major populations which contribute to the pretreatment of AW belong to the genera Bacillus. Contrary to the static pretreatment, the stirred conditions favoured the hydrolysis and solubilization of 80% of suspended matter into soluble pollution. The pretreated AW, in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days, was fed to an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) at an HRT of 2 days. The performance of anaerobic digestion of biologically pretreated AW was examined under mesophilic (37 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions. The shifting from a mesophilic to a thermophilic environment in the UAF was carried out with a short start-up of thermophilic condition. The UAF ran at organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 0.9 to 6g COD/Ld in mesophilic conditions and at OLRs from 0.9 to 9 g COD/Ld in thermophilic conditions. COD removal efficiencies of 80-90% were achieved for OLRs up to 4.5 g COD/Ld in mesophilic conditions, while the highest OLRs i.e. 9 g COD/Ld led to efficiencies of 70-72% in thermophilic conditions. The biogas yield in thermophilic conditions was about 0.32-0.45 L biogas/g of COD removed for OLRs up to 4.5 g COD/Ld. For similar OLR, the UAF in mesophilic conditions showed lower percentage of methanization. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion has been shown to destroy pathogens partially, whereas the thermophilic process was more efficient in the removal of indicator microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria at different organic loading rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gannoun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
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31
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Sousa DZ, Smidt H, Alves MM, Stams AJM. Ecophysiology of syntrophic communities that degrade saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 68:257-72. [PMID: 19490126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntrophic relationships are the key for biodegradation in methanogenic environments. We review the ecological and physiological features of syntrophic communities involved in the degradation of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), as well as their potential application to convert lipids/fats containing waste to biogas. Presently, about 14 species have been described with the ability to grow on fatty acids in syntrophy with methanogens, all belonging to the families Syntrophomonadaceae and Syntrophaceae. The principle pathway of LCFA degradation is through beta-oxidation, but the initial steps in the conversion of unsaturated LCFA are unclear. Communities enriched on unsaturated LCFA also degrade saturated LCFA, but the opposite generally is not the case. For efficient methane formation, the physical and inhibitory effects of LCFA on methanogenesis need to be considered. LCFA adsorbs strongly to biomass, which causes encapsulation of active syntrophic communities and hampers diffusion of substrate and products in and out of the biomass. Quantification of archaea by real-time PCR analysis suggests that potential LCFA inhibitory effect towards methanogens might be reversible. Rather, the conversion of adsorbed LCFA in batch assays was shown to result in a significant increase of archaeal cell numbers in anaerobic sludge samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Z Sousa
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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32
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Luste S, Luostarinen S, Sillanpää M. Effect of pre-treatments on hydrolysis and methane production potentials of by-products from meat-processing industry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 164:247-255. [PMID: 18805637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of five pre-treatments (thermal, ultrasound, acid, base and bacterial product) on hydrolysis and methane production potentials of four by-products from meat-processing industry was studied. The bacterial product Liquid Certizyme 5 increased soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol) of digestive tract content and drumsieve waste the most as compared to untreated material (62 and 96%, respectively), while ultrasound was the most effective to increase CODsol with dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge (88%) and grease trap sludge (188%). In batch experiments, thermal treatment increased methane production potential of drumsieve waste, acid of grease trap sludge and all pre-treatments of DAF sludge. However, with all other pre-treatments, methane production potential was decreased compared to untreated materials, apparently due to inhibition by hydrolysis products and/or possible re-crystallization of some compounds. Methane production potentials from the untreated materials were as follows: digestive tract content 400+/-50m(3)CH(4)/t volatile solids (VS)(added), drumsieve waste 230+/-20m(3)CH(4)/tVS(added), DAF sludge 340+/-17m(3)CH(4)/tVS(added) and grease trap sludge 900+/-44m(3)CH(4)/tVS(added).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Luste
- University of Kuopio, Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Patteristonkatu 1, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
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