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Xie D, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11310-11326. [PMID: 35699651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates. This review firstly introduces the differences in bioavailability and oxidative stability between different types of PUFA concentrate (free fatty acid, ethyl ester and acylglycerol), and then provides a comprehensive discussion of different methods for enrichment of lipids with n-3 PUFA including physical-chemical methods and enzymatic methods. Lipases used for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and hydrolysis reactions play an important role in the production of highly enriched various types of n-3 PUFA concentrates. Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis or hydrolysis reactions are the mostly employed method to prepare high-quality n-3 PUFA of structural acylglycerols. Although many important advantages offered by lipases in enrichment of n-3 PUFA, the high cost of enzyme limits its industrial-scale production. Further research should focus on looking for biological enzymes with extraordinary catalytic ability and clear selectivity. Other novel technologies such as protein engineering and immobilization may be needed to modify lipases to improve its selectivity, catalytic ability and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Nitbani FO, Tjitda PJP, Wogo HE, Detha AIR. Preparation of Ricinoleic Acid from Castor Oil:A Review. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:781-793. [PMID: 35661063 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castor oil is a vegetable product extracted from Ricinus communis L (castor seed), which is primarily considered an important commercial value for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, coatings, etc. It is rich in hydroxylated fatty acids (ricinoleic acid, 89-92%) and is widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, oleochemical, and agricultural industries. This oil has also been confirmed as a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and antiherpetic agents, due to the ricinoleic acid having functional groups, such as -COOH, -OH, and -C=C-. Furthermore, it is converted into various acid derivative compounds with several applications. Therefore, this article reviewed some reaction stages to the preparation of ricinoleic acid from castor oil. Several methods or reaction pathways were employed in the preparation procedure, such as the Twitchell and Colgate-Emery processes, as well as the alkaline catalyzed, transesterification with methyl ricinoleic, and lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis, respectively. Although each of these preparation methods has advantages and disadvantages, the most effective technique was the hydrolysis through the use of the enzyme lipozyme TL IM. Besides being a green method, the conversion rate in the hydrolysis process was 96.2 ± 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febri Odel Nitbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nusa Cendana University
| | | | - Hermania Em Wogo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nusa Cendana University
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Yang Z, Jin W, Cheng X, Dong Z, Chang M, Wang X. Enzymatic enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by selective hydrolysis. Food Chem 2020; 346:128743. [PMID: 33419584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most natural oils are low in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) content, which limits their application in health products. In this study, n-3 PUFAs in glyceride form were selectively enriched by lipase-mediated hydrolysis of n-3 PUFA-containing oils. First, commercial lipases were screened, and the lipase AY "Amano" 400SD from Candida cylindracea was the best choice in producing n-3 PUFA glycerides from tuna oil. Subsequently, the hydrolysis conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the highest n-3 PUFA content in the glyceride fraction was found to be 57.7% after enzymatic hydrolysis. Addition of Ca2+ to the system significantly shortened the reaction time from 10 to 4 h. When algal oil was used as substrate, total PUFA contents in the glyceride fraction were 89.9%. This study provides an efficient enzymatic process to produce n-3 PUFA-enriched glyceride concentrates and demonstrates that AY "Amano" 400SD can effectively discriminate against n-3 PUFAs during hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wenhua Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Enhanced Ricinoleic Acid Preparation Using Lipozyme TLIM as a Novel Biocatalyst: Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricinoleic acid (RA) is an important raw material for plasticizers, emulsifiers, and nanomaterials. In this work, a green and efficient method was developed for RA production. Results showed that Lipozyme TLIM can be used as a novel biocatalyst to catalyze the hydrolysis of castor oil (CO) for RA preparation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate and optimize the effects of reaction variables on the hydrolysis of CO. Reaction conditions were optimized as follows: 41.3 °C, enzyme load 8.9%, 39.2 h, and 40:1 molar ratio of water to oil. Under these optimized reaction variables, the maximum hydrolysis ratio of CO (96.2 ± 1.5%) was obtained. The effect of hydrolysis variables on the reaction was as follows: enzyme load > hydrolysis time > temperature. In conclusion, this is a green, simple, and efficient method for RA preparation and can provide a good alternative method for RA industrial production.
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Su CH, Nguyen HC, Nguyen ML, Tran PT, Wang FM, Guan YL. Liquid lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of gac oil for fatty acid production: Optimization using response surface methodology. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1129-1136. [PMID: 30281955 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are valuable products because they have wide industrial applications in the manufacture of detergents, cosmetics, food, and various biomedical applications. In enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, the use of immobilized lipase results in high production cost. To address this problem, Eversa Transform lipase, a new and low-cost liquid lipase formulation, was used for the first time in oil hydrolysis with gac oil as a triglyceride source in this study. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the reaction conditions and establish a reliable mathematical model for predicting hydrolysis yield. A maximal yield of 94.16% was obtained at a water-to-oil molar ratio of 12.79:1, reaction temperature of 38.9 °C, enzyme loading of 13.88%, and reaction time of 8.41 h. Under this optimal reaction condition, Eversa Transform lipase could be reused for up to eight cycles without significant loss in enzyme activity. This study indicates that the use of liquid Eversa Transform lipase in enzyme-catalyzed oil hydrolysis could be a promising and cheap method of fatty acid production. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Su
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hoang Chinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thanh Tran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Fu-Ming Wang
- Graduate Inst. of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Guan
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Zhao K, Chen B, Li C, Li XF, Li KB, Shen YH. Immobilization of Candida rugosa
Lipase on Glutaraldehyde-Activated Fe3
O4
@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xing-Fu Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ke-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ye-Hua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Politecnico di Milano; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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9
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Awadallak JA, Reinehr TO, Molinari D, Raizer E, Cardozo‐Filho L, da Silva EA, da Silva C. The effect of ultrasound on the hydrolysis of soybean oil catalyzed by phospholipase. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Abd Awadallak
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringaParanáBrazil
- Department of Engineering and Exact SciencesUniversidade Federal do ParanáPalotinaParanáBrazil
| | - Thiago Olinek Reinehr
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências ExatasUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE)ToledoParanáBrazil
| | - Deise Molinari
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências ExatasUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE)ToledoParanáBrazil
| | - Eduardo Raizer
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências ExatasUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE)ToledoParanáBrazil
| | - Lucio Cardozo‐Filho
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringaParanáBrazil
| | - Edson Antonio da Silva
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências ExatasUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE)ToledoParanáBrazil
| | - Camila da Silva
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringaParanáBrazil
- Departamento de TecnologiaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)UmuaramaParanáBrazil
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10
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Production of Biodiesel Using Immobilized Lipase and the Characterization of Different Co-Immobilizing Agents and Immobilization Methods. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Odaneth AA, Vadgama RN, Bhat AD, Lali AM. Tuning Lipase Reaction for Production of Fatty Acids from Oil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:504-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Dondge A, Rathod VK. HYDRODYNAMICS OF PLATE COLUMN FOR ENZYMATIC REACTIONS OF OIL. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150324s00003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dondge
- Institute of Chemical Technology, India
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13
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Prasanna Rani KN, Neeharika TS, Lokesh P, Prathap Kumar T, Prasad RB. Kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of methyl ricinoleate. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2015. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1316143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Optimization of the Hydrolysis of Safflower Oil for the Production of Linoleic Acid, Used as Flavor Precursor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2015; 2015:594238. [PMID: 26904663 PMCID: PMC4745565 DOI: 10.1155/2015/594238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Commercial lipases, from porcine pancreas (PPL), Candida rugosa (CRL), and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM), were investigated in terms of their efficiency for the hydrolysis of safflower oil (SO) for the liberation of free linoleic acid (LA), used as a flavor precursor. Although PPL, under the optimized conditions, showed a high degree of hydrolysis (91.6%), its low tolerance towards higher substrate concentrations could limit its use for SO hydrolysis. In comparison to the other investigated lipases, Lipozyme TL IM required higher amount of enzyme and an additional 3 h of reaction time to achieve its maximum degree of SO hydrolysis (90.2%). On the basis of the experimental findings, CRL was selected as the most appropriate biocatalyst, with 84.1% degree of hydrolysis. The chromatographic analyses showed that the CRL-hydrolyzed SO is composed mainly of free LA.
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15
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Ni Z, Chen H, Lin X, Jin R. Insight into molecular mechanism underlying the transesterification catalysed by penicillin G amidase (PGA) using a combination protocol of experimental assay and theoretical analysis. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.850500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Ugur A, Boran R. Production and characterization of a cold-active andn-hexane activated lipase from a newly isolatedSerratia grimesiiRB06-22. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.934684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alves JS, Vieira NS, Cunha AS, Silva AM, Záchia Ayub MA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Combi-lipase for heterogeneous substrates: a new approach for hydrolysis of soybean oil using mixtures of biocatalysts. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of thecombi-lipasebiocatalyst has been proposed. It is based on the combination of different lipases as biocatalysts in reactions using heterogeneous substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S. Alves
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathália S. Vieira
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alisson S. Cunha
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Silva
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnolgy, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gamayurova VS, Zinov’eva ME, Tran HTT. Features of the enzymatic hydrolysis of castor oil. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050413030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gomes N, Braga A, Teixeira JA, Belo I. Impact of Lipase-Mediated Hydrolysis of Castor Oil on γ-Decalactone Production by Yarrowia lipolytica. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Effect of Additives and Process Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macauba Kernel Oil (Acrocomia aculeata). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/438270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the enzymatic hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil. Experiments evaluate the effect of different enzymes and the addition of salts, surfactants, and solvents to the reaction medium, as well as the effect of process variables. Results showed that FFA yields obtained for use of Lipozyme RM IM were higher than those obtained from Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435. The addition of salts and surfactants did not promote increased production of FFAs, while addingn-hexane and heptane to the reaction medium led to an increased reaction rate. It can be observed for the results that the temperature, water : oil mass ratio, and enzyme percentage had positive effects on the FFA yield in the range of 35°C to 55°C, 1 : 20 to 1 : 2, and 1 to 15%, respectively, and that, from these limits, increases in these variables did not cause significant increase in FFA yields. The addition of buffer promoted an increase in yield FFAs, as well as the pH of the buffer, and it was reported that an agitation of 400 rpm resulted in the highest yields in the investigated range.
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Goswami D, Basu JK, De S. Lipase applications in oil hydrolysis with a case study on castor oil: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:81-96. [PMID: 22676042 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.672319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase) is a unique enzyme which can catalyze various types of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, alcoholysis etc. In particular, hydrolysis of vegetable oil with lipase as a catalyst is widely studied. Free lipase, lipase immobilized on suitable support, lipase encapsulated in a reverse micelle and lipase immobilized on a suitable membrane to be used in membrane reactor are the most common ways of employing lipase in oil hydrolysis. Castor oil is a unique vegetable oil as it contains high amounts (90%) of a hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid named ricinoleic acid. This industrially important acid can be obtained by hydrolysis of castor oil. Different conventional hydrolysis processes have certain disadvantages which can be avoided by a lipase-catalyzed process. The degree of hydrolysis varies widely for different lipases depending on the operating range of process variables such as temperature, pH and enzyme loading. Immobilization of lipase on a suitable support can enhance hydrolysis by suppressing thermal inactivation and estolide formation. The presence of metal ions also affects lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of castor oil. Even a particular ion has different effects on the activity of different lipases. Hydrophobic organic solvents perform better than hydrophilic solvents during the reaction. Sonication considerably increases hydrolysis in case of lipolase. The effects of additives on the same lipase vary with their types. Nonionic surfactants enhance hydrolysis whereas cationic and anionic surfactants decrease it. A single variable optimization method is used to obtain optimum conditions. In order to eliminate its disadvantages, a statistical optimization method is used in recent studies. Statistical optimization shows that interactions between any two of the following pH, enzyme concentration and buffer concentration become significant in presence of a nonionic surfactant named Span 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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25
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Li W, Chen B, Tan T. Comparative study of the properties of lipase immobilized on nonwoven fabric membranes by six methods. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on glutaraldehyde-activated polyester fiber and its application for hydrolysis of some vegetable oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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