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Wang Z, Cai Y, Li M, Wan X, Mi L, Yang W, Hu Y. Boosting one-step degradation of shrimp shell waste to produce chitin oligosaccharides at smart nanoscale enzyme reactor with liquid-solid system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131787. [PMID: 38657939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) possess potential applications in food, medicine, and agriculture. However, lower mass transfer and catalytic efficiency are the main kinetic limitations for the production of CTOS from shrimp shell waste (SSW) and crystalline chitin. Chemical or physical methods are usually used for pretreatment to improve chitinase hydrolysis efficiency, but this is not eco-friendly and cost-effective. To address this challenge, a chitinase nanoreactor with the liquid-solid system (BcChiA1@ZIF-8) was manufactured to boost the one-step degradation of SSW and crystalline chitin. Compared with free enzyme, the catalytic efficiency of BcChiA1@ZIF-8 on colloidal chitin was significantly improved to 142 %. SSW and crystalline chitin can be directly degraded by BcChiA1@ZIF-8 without any pretreatments. The yield of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] from SSW and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from crystalline chitin was 2 times and 3.1 times than that of free enzyme, respectively. The reason was that BcChiA1@ZIF-8 with a liquid-solid system enlarged the interface area, increased the collision frequency between enzyme and substrate, and improved the large-substrates binding activity of chitinase. Moreover, the biphasic system exhibited excellent stability, and the design showed universal applicability. This strategy provided novel guidance for other polysaccharide biosynthesis and the conversion of environmental waste into carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yijin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Mi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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P V A, K M R, Raval K, Selvaraj S, Raval R. Identification and characterization of chitinase producing marine microorganism: Unleashing the potential of chitooligosaccharides for bioethanol synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130846. [PMID: 38492689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The dwindling supply of the petroleum product and its carbon footprint has initiated search for a sustainable fuel and alternate feed-stocks. One such underexplored feedstock is chitin, a waste derived from sea food processing. The limitation of insolubility and crystallinity inherent in chitin is addressed with the chitin hydrolysates. In the present study, a chitinases producing marine isolate was isolated from the sediments of Arabian Sea from a depth of 20 m. In order to increase the expression of the chitinases, sequential optimisation using one factor at a time and Taguchi experimental designs were employed which resulted in a yield of 13.46 U/mL which was 2.62 fold higher than the initial bioprocess condition values. In a two-step refinery protocol, Candida albicans was evolved towards chitooligosaccharides using chemically synthesized hydrolysates. In a fed -batch fermentation design the Candida yielded a 12.8 % conversion of these commercial chitin oligosaccharides into bioethanol in a run time of 48 h. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of Candida to utilise chitin oligosaccharides for the production of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheena P V
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh K M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Das S, Chowdhury C, Kumar SP, Roy D, Gosavi SW, Sen R. Microbial production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) for versatile applications: Biotechnological strategies for green process development. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109039. [PMID: 38277719 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a commercially important amino sugar for its wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and biofuel industries. In nature, GlcNAc is polymerised into chitin biopolymer, which is one of the major constituents of fungal cell wall and outer shells of crustaceans. Sea food processing industries generate a large volume of chitin as biopolymeric waste. Because of its high abundance, chitinaceous shellfish wastes have been exploited as one of the major precursor substrates of GlcNAc production, both in chemical and enzymatic means. Nevertheless, the current process of GlcNAc extraction from shellfish wastes generates poor turnover and attracts environmental hazards. Moreover, GlcNAc isolated from shellfish could not be prescribed to certain groups of people because of the allergic nature of shell components. Therefore, an alternative route of GlcNAc production is advocated. With the advancement of metabolic construction and synthetic biology, microbial synthesis of GlcNAc is gaining much attention nowadays. Several new and cutting-edge technologies like substrate co-utilization strategy, promoter engineering, and CRISPR interference system were proposed in this fascinating area. The study would put forward the potential application of microbial engineering in the production of important pharmaceuticals. Very recently, autotrophic fermentation of GlcNAc synthesis has been proposed. The metabolic engineering approaches would offer great promise to mitigate the issues of low yield and high production cost, which are major challenges in microbial bio-processes industries. Further process optimization, optimising metabolic flux, and efficient recovery of GlcNAc from culture broth, should be investigated in order to achieve a high product titer. The current study presents a comprehensive review on microbe-based eco-friendly green methods that would pave the way towards the development of future research directions in this field for the designing of a cost-effective fermentation process on an industrial setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancharini Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India.
| | - Chiranjit Chowdhury
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, MH, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - S Pavan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN, 600 036, India
| | - Debasis Roy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, 411007, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
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Chitin and chitin-based biomaterials: A review of advances in processing and food applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120142. [PMID: 36876773 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide, showing various practical applications owing to its functional properties. However, there are barriers in the development due to the difficulty of chitin extraction and purification, regarding its high crystallinity and low solubility. In recent years, some novel technologies such as microbial fermentation, ionic liquid, electrochemical extraction have emerged for the green extraction of chitin from new sources. Furthermore, nanotechnology, dissolution systems and chemical modification were applied to develop a variety of chitin-based biomaterials. Remarkably, chitin was used in delivering active ingredients and developing functional foods for weight loss, lipid reduction, gastrointestinal health, and anti-aging. Moreover, the application of chitin-based materials was expanded into medicine, energy and the environment. This review outlined the emerging extraction methods and processing routes of different chitin sources and advances in applying chitin-based materials. We aimed to provide some direction for the multi-disciplinary production and application of chitin.
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Huang JH, Zeng FJ, Guo JF, Huang JY, Lin HC, Lo CT, Chou WM. Purification, identification and characterization of Nag2 N-acetylglucosaminidase from Trichoderma virens strain mango. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35578140 PMCID: PMC9110600 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) could liberate N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides. Trichoderma spp. is an important source of chitinase, particularly NAGase for industrial use. nag1 and nag2 genes encoding NAGase, are found in the genome in Trichoderma spp. The deduced Nag1 and Nag2 shares ~ 55% homology in Trichoderma virens. Most studies were focus on Nag1 and nag1 previously. RESULTS The native NAGase (TvmNAG2) was purified to homogeneity with molecular mass of ~ 68 kDa on SDS-PAGE analysis, and identified as Nag2 by MALDI/MS analysis from an isolate T. virens strain mango. RT-PCR analyses revealed that only nag2 gene was expressed in liquid culture of T. virens, while both of nag1 and nag2 were expressed in T. virens cultured on the plates. TvmNAG2 was thermally stable up to 60 °C for 2 h, and the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 60-65 °C, respectively, using p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-NAG) as substrate. The hydrolytic product of colloidal chitin by TvmNAG2 was suggested to be GlcNAc based on TLC analyses. Moreover, TvmNAG2 possesses antifungal activity, inhibiting the mycelium growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. And it was resistant to the proteolysis by papain and trypsin. CONCLUSIONS The native Nag2, TvmNAG2 was purified and identified from T. virens strain mango, as well as enzymatic properties. To our knowledge, it is the first report with the properties of native Trichoderma Nag2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Jin Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jhe-Fu Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Yuan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hua-Chian Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chaur-Tsuen Lo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wing-Ming Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan, ROC
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Effect of Zinc-Calcium on Xylose Consumption by Mucor circinelloides (MN128960): Xylitol and Ethanol Yield Optimization. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is the second most abundant monomeric sugar on earth. Nevertheless, metabolizing xylose into ethanol is a complex process due to several biochemical reactions. Some microorganisms of the genus Mucor are suitable for this bioprocess. Using metal ions, such as zinc and calcium, allows some fungal species to increase their ethanol yield. In this work, the wild strain Mucor spp. (C1502) was molecularly identified via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Secondly, an optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite experimental design (CCD) was carried out. The independent variables (X) were ZnSO4·7H2O (X1, 0.0–1.5 g/L) and CaCl2 (X2, 0.0–2.5 g/L) concentration in the fermentation broth in order to demonstrate the effect of these ions, xylose was used as the only carbon source. The dependent variables (Y) measured were ethanol yield (Y1, g ethanol/g xylose) and xylitol yield (Y2, g xylitol/g xylose). The identified strain, Mucor circinelloides, was given the accession number MN128960 by the NCBI. Once the optimal concentrations of zinc and calcium were calculated, experimental validation was performed, with the highest ethanol and xylitol yields reaching 0.36 g ethanol/g xylose and 0.35 g xylitol/g xylose, respectively. This study demonstrated that increasing the xylitol yield using the effect of the ions, zinc and calcium, increases the ethanol yield. Furthermore, M. circinelloides (C1502) can produce metabolites, such as ethanol and xylitol, from the xylose obtained from hemicellulose biomasses, which can be used as a carbon source at low cost and with great availability.
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Sharma S, Kaur N, Kaur R, Kaur R. A review on valorization of chitinous waste. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhou N, Yang P, Chen J, Wei G, Wang C, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Effect of organic solvents treatment on structure of chitin and its enzymatic hydrolysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Singh RV, Sambyal K, Negi A, Sonwani S, Mahajan R. Chitinases production: A robust enzyme and its industrial applications. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1883004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishika Sambyal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Shubham Sonwani
- Department of Biosciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore, India
| | - Ritika Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
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Exploring Simplified Methods for Insect Chitin Extraction and Application as a Potential Alternative Bioethanol Resource. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110788. [PMID: 33198072 PMCID: PMC7696517 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The studies on chitin utilization as a source for bioethanol production are still very few. The present study explores some simple methods for insect chitin extraction and application in bioethanol production. Using insect chitin in bioethanol production, may help decreasing the dependence on energy crops as a carbon source for bioethanol. Fungal strains of Mucor circinelloides were reported previously to bio-convert chitin directly to ethanol in submerged fermentation systems. In our study, we explored the bioconversion of insect chitin to bioethanol using two different strains of Mucor circinelloides in submerged fermentation systems. An insect-isolated M. circinelloides strain was found to bio-convert the extracted chitin directly to ethanol in submerged fermentation system. The source of strain isolation and the pH of the production medium were showed to influence the chitin bioconversion directly to bioethanol. All fermentation processes can be conducted easily, using the whole growing microorganism instead of using purified enzymes. These results highlight the insect biomass as a potential new, cheap and renewable source for bioethanol production simply, using a potent insect-isolated M. circinelloides strain. Abstract Chitin, the second most plentiful biopolymer in nature, is a major component of insect cuticle. In searching for alternative resources for fossil fuels, some fungal strains of Mucor circinelloides from an insect-source were found to produce bioethanol directly using insect chitin as a substrate. Herein, simplified methods for insect chitin extraction and application as a substrate in submerged fermentation for bioethanol production were explored. Chitin of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana (L.)) was isolated by refluxing the cockroaches dried exoskeletons with 4% NaOH. The purity of the extracted chitin was assessed to be high when the physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin matched these of commercially available crab and shrimp samples. The extracted chitin was employed as a substrate in submerged fermentation using two strains of M. circinelloides. One of these, strains M. circinelloides 6017 showed immense potential for bioethanol production directly. It could to bio-transform 15 g/L of colloidal chitin directly to 11.22 ± 0.312 g/L of bioethanol (74% of the initial chitin mass) after 6 days of incubation. These results confirm the possibility of using insect biomass as a potential alternative resource for bioethanol production in a simple manner thus contributing to the creation of an alternate energy source.
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Efficient conversion of glucosamine to ethyl levulinate catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chitinase production by Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 using solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1897-1908. [PMID: 32737868 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chitinases have extensive biotechnological potential but have been little exploited commercially due to the low number of good chitinolytic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to identify a chitinolytic fungal and optimize its production using solid state fermentation (SSF) and agroindustry substrate, to evaluate different chitin sources for chitinase production, to evaluate different solvents for the extraction of enzymes produced during fermentation process, and to determine the nematicide effect of enzymatic extract and biological control of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes. The fungus was previously isolated from bedbugs of Tibraca limbativentris Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and selected among 51 isolated fungal as the largest producer of chitinolytic enzymes in SSF. The isolate UFSMQ40 has been identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis by the amplification of tef1 gene fragments. The greatest chitinase production (10.76 U gds-1) occurred with wheat bran substrate at 55% moisture, 15% colloidal chitin, 100% of corn steep liquor, and two discs of inoculum at 30 °C for 72 h. Considering the enzymatic inducers, the best chitinase production by the isolated fungus was achieved using chitin in colloidal, powder, and flakes. The usage of 1:15 g/mL of sodium citrate-phosphate buffer was the best ratio for chitinase extraction of SSF. The Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 showed high mortality of M. javanica and M. incognita when applied to treatments with enzymatic filtrated and the suspension of conidia.
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Zhou J, Chen J, Zhuang N, Zhang A, Chen K, Xu N, Xin F, Zhang W, Dong W, Jiang M. Immobilization and Purification of Enzymes With the Novel Affinity Tag ChBD-AB From Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579. [PMID: 32596227 PMCID: PMC7303509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protein immobilization and purification system has been developed based on the improved plasmid vectors, designated pETChBD-X, which contained the gene coding for two novel chitin-binding domains ChBD-AB, factor Xa cleavage site and adapted for gene fusions. The ChBD-AD from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 was used as a novel affinity tag to anchor fusion proteins to chitin granules. The granules carrying the ChBD-AD fusion proteins can be isolated by a simple centrifugation step and used directly for some applications. Moreover, when required, a practically pure preparation of the soluble recombination protein can be obtained after Factor Xa cleavage. The efficiency of this system has been demonstrated by reaching 95% of protein absorbed to chitin within 30 min and recycling over 75% of interest protein after Factor Xa cleavage to separate interest protein and fusion tag. Furthermore, 65% L-glutamate oxidase with this fusion tag could be purified and immobilized within only one step and to be reused in converting L-glutamate to α-ketoglutaric acid directly, the average conversion rate kept above 65% even within four batches of enzyme conversion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisha Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Huet G, Hadad C, Husson E, Laclef S, Lambertyn V, Araya Farias M, Jamali A, Courty M, Alayoubi R, Gosselin I, Sarazin C, Van Nhien AN. Straightforward extraction and selective bioconversion of high purity chitin from Bombyx eri larva: Toward an integrated insect biorefinery. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 228:115382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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16
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Abo BO, Gao M, Wang Y, Wu C, Ma H, Wang Q. Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:57-68. [PMID: 30685745 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol is currently the only alternative to gasoline that can be used immediately without having to make any significant changes in the way fuel is distributed. In addition, the carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the combustion of bioethanol is the same as that used by the plant in the atmosphere for its growth, so it does not participate in the increase of the greenhouse effect. Bioethanol can be obtained by fermentation of plants containing sucrose (beet, sugar cane…) or starch (wheat, corn…). However, large-scale use of bioethanol implies the use of very large agricultural surfaces for maize or sugarcane production. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) such as agricultural residues for the production of bioethanol seems to be a solution to this problem due to its high availability and low cost even if its growth still faces technological difficulties. In this review, we present an overview of lignocellulosic biomass, the different methods of pre-treatment of LCB and the various fermentation processes that can be used to produce bioethanol from LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodjui Olivier Abo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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17
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Yan Q, Fong SS. Cloning and characterization of a chitinase from Thermobifida fusca reveals Tfu_0580 as a thermostable and acidic endochitinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 19:e00274. [PMID: 30094208 PMCID: PMC6070660 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Thermobifida fusca chitinase Tfu_0580 is characterized for its function. Tfu_0580 is the first reported as a functional chitinase that can degrade colloidal chitin. Enzymatic characterization shows Tfu_0580 as a thermostable and acidic endochitinase.
Being capable of hydrolyzing chitin, chitinases have various applications such as production of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (COSs) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), degrading chitin as a consolidated bioprocessing, and bio-control of fungal phytopathogens. Here, a putative chitinase in Thermobifida fusca, Tfu_0580, is characterized. Tfu_0580 was purified by homogeneity with a molecular weight of 44.9 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Tfu_0580 displayed a clear activity against colloidal chitin, which is comparable to a commercial Streptomyces griseus chitinase. Enzyme activities against p-nitrophenyl β-D-N,N′,N′′-triacetylchitotriose (p-NP-(GlcNAc)3), N,N′-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside (p-NP-(GlcNAc)2) and p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (p-NP-(GlcNAc)) showed that Tfu_0580 exhibited highest activity against p-NP-(GlcNAc)3. Further optimization of the enzyme activity conditions showed: 1) an optimum catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and 30 °C; 2) activity over broad pH (4.8–7.5) and temperature (20–55 °C); 3) stimulation of activity by the metallic ions Ca2+ and Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephen S Fong
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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18
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Krolicka M, Hinz SWA, Koetsier MJ, Eggink G, van den Broek LAM, Boeriu CG. β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG from Myceliophthora thermophila C1, a thermostable enzyme for production of N-acetylglucosamine from chitin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7441-7454. [PMID: 29943052 PMCID: PMC6097783 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are a promising alternative for chemical catalysts currently used for the production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitin. In this study, a novel thermostable β-N-acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG was cloned and purified from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila C1. MthNAG is a protein with a molecular weight of 71 kDa as determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. MthNAG has the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 4.5. The enzyme shows high thermostability above the optimum temperature: at 55 °C (144 h, 75% activity), 60 °C (48 h, 85% activity; half-life 82 h), and 70 °C (24 h, 33% activity; half-life 18 h). MthNAG releases GlcNAc from chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)2–5, p-nitrophenol derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)1–3-pNP, and the polymeric substrates swollen chitin and soluble chitosan. The highest activity was detected towards (GlcNAc)2. MthNAG released GlcNAc from the non-reducing end of the substrate. We found that MthNAG and Chitinase Chi1 from M. thermophila C1 synergistically degraded swollen chitin and released GlcNAc in concentration of approximately 130 times higher than when only MthNAG was used. Therefore, chitinase Chi1 and MthNAG have great potential in the industrial production of GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krolicka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerrit Eggink
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Takano M, Hoshino K. Bioethanol production from rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with statistical optimized cellulase cocktail and fermenting fungus. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Kumar A, Kumar D, George N, Sharma P, Gupta N. A process for complete biodegradation of shrimp waste by a novel marine isolate Paenibacillus sp. AD with simultaneous production of chitinase and chitin oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Bouacem K, Laribi-Habchi H, Mechri S, Hacene H, Jaouadi B, Bouanane-Darenfed A. Biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable chitinase from Hydrogenophilus hirschii strain KB-DZ44. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:338-350. [PMID: 28827133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular acido-thermostable endo-chitinase (called ChiA-Hh59) from thermophilic Hydrogenophilus hirschii strain KB-DZ44, was purified and characterized. The maximum chitinase activity recorded after 36-h of incubation at 60°C was 3000U/ml. Pure enzyme was obtained after heat and acidic treatment, precipitation by ammonium sulphate and acetone, respectively, followed by sequential column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-200 and Mono Q-Sepharose. Based on Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis, the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 59103.12-Da. The 22 residue NH2-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed high homology with family-18 bacterial chitinases. The optimum pH and temperature values for chitinase activity were pH 5.0 and 85°C, respectively. The pure enzyme was completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (p-CMB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The obtained results suggest that ChiA-Hh59 might be an endo-chitinase. The studied chitinase exhibited high activity towards colloidal chitin, chitin azure, glycol chitin, while it did not hydrolyse chitibiose and amylose. Its Km and kcat values were 0.298mg colloidal chitin/ml and 14400s-1, respectively. Its catalytic efficiency was higher than those of chitodextrinase and ChiA-65. Additionally, Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis from chitin-oligosaccharides showed that ChiA-Hh59 acted as an endo-splitting enzyme. In conclusion, this chitinase may have great potential for the enzymatic degradation of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Hassiba Laribi-Habchi
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes (LFACP), Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Hocine Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
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22
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Ryden P, Efthymiou MN, Tindyebwa TAM, Elliston A, Wilson DR, Waldron KW, Malakar PK. Bioethanol production from spent mushroom compost derived from chaff of millet and sorghum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:195. [PMID: 28785311 PMCID: PMC5545022 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Uganda, the chaff remaining from threshed panicles of millet and sorghum is a low value, lignocellulose-rich agricultural by-product. Currently, it is used as a substrate for the cultivation of edible Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). The aim of this study was to assess the potential to exploit the residual post-harvest compost for saccharification and fermentation to produce ethanol. RESULTS Sorghum and millet chaff-derived spent oyster mushroom composts minus large mycelium particles were assessed at small-scale and low substrate concentrations (5% w/v) for optimal severity hydrothermal pre-treatment, enzyme loading and fermentation with robust yeasts to produce ethanol. These conditions were then used as a basis for larger scale assessments with high substrate concentrations (30% w/v). Millet-based compost had a low cellulose content and, at a high substrate concentration, did not liquefy effectively. The ethanol yield was 63.9 g/kg dry matter (DM) of original material with a low concentration (19.6 g/L). Compost derived from sorghum chaff had a higher cellulose content and could be liquefied at high substrate concentration (30% w/v). This enabled selected furfural-resistant yeasts to produce ethanol at up to 186.9 g/kg DM of original material and a concentration of 45.8 g/L. CONCLUSIONS Spent mushroom compost derived from sorghum chaff has the potential to be an industrially useful substrate for producing second-generation bioethanol. This might be improved further through fractionation and exploitation of hemicellulosic moieties, and possibly the exploitation of the mycelium-containing final residue for animal feed. However, spent compost derived from millet does not provide a suitably high concentration of ethanol to make it industrially attractive. Further research on the difficulty in quantitatively saccharifying cellulose from composted millet chaff and other similar substrates such as rice husk is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ryden
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Maria-Nefeli Efthymiou
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Teddy A. M. Tindyebwa
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adam Elliston
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - David R. Wilson
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Pradeep K. Malakar
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306 People’s Republic of China
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23
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Aranda-Martinez A, Naranjo Ortiz MÁ, Abihssira García IS, Zavala-Gonzalez EA, Lopez-Llorca LV. Ethanol production from chitosan by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Microbiol Res 2017; 204:30-39. [PMID: 28870289 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose and virtually unexplored as raw material for bioethanol production. In this paper, we investigate chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin which is the main component of shellfish waste, as substrate for bioethanol production by fungi. Fungal parasites of invertebrates such as the nematophagous Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc) or the entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) are biocontrol agents of plant parasitic nematodes (eg. Meloidogyne spp.) or insect pests such as the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). These fungi degrade chitin-rich barriers for host penetration. We have therefore tested the chitin/chitosanolytic capabilities of Pc, Bb and Ma for generating reducing sugars using chitosan as only nutrient. Among the microorganisms used in this study, Pc is the best chitosan degrader, even under anaerobic conditions. These fungi have alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) encoding genes in their genomes. We have therefore analyzed their ethanol production under anaerobic conditions using chitosan as raw material. P. chlamydosporia is the largest ethanol producer from chitosan. Our studies are a starting point to develop chitin-chitosan based biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Aranda-Martinez
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Isabel Sofía Abihssira García
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ernesto A Zavala-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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24
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da Silva AF, García-Fraga B, López-Seijas J, Sieiro C. Optimizing the expression of a Heterologous chitinase: A study of different promoters. Bioengineered 2017; 8:428-432. [PMID: 27893301 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1249074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many relevant applications have been demonstrated for chitinolytic enzymes. However, their successful exploitation depends upon the availability of strains and expression conditions that allow the production of active forms and large quantities of these enzymes. Escherichia coli has been commonly used to express and overproduce different proteins, among them chitinases. Improving the functional gene expression of chitinases is key to exploiting their potential. In a recent study, we described the effect of various parameters on the functional expression of 2 chitinases from different families, demonstrating that the effect of each of these parameters on the activity of both chitinases was specific to each enzyme. In this study, the expression of a Lactococcus lactis chitinase encoded by a new allele, ChiA1-2, was optimized. The results showed that not only the expression parameters seemed to influence protein production, solubility and activity but also the plasmid used for the expression. Herein, we describe the effect of 2 different promoters, tac and T7, on the expression of the active form of the chitinolytic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail F da Silva
- a Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences , Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas - Marcosende , Vigo , Spain
| | - Belén García-Fraga
- a Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences , Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas - Marcosende , Vigo , Spain
| | - Jacobo López-Seijas
- a Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences , Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas - Marcosende , Vigo , Spain
| | - Carmen Sieiro
- a Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences , Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas - Marcosende , Vigo , Spain
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25
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Honda K, Kimura K, Ninh PH, Taniguchi H, Okano K, Ohtake H. In vitro bioconversion of chitin to pyruvate with thermophilic enzymes. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:296-301. [PMID: 28527827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant organic compound on the planet and thus has been regarded as an alternative resource to petroleum feedstocks. One of the key challenges in the biological conversion of biomass-derived polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, is to close the gap between optimum temperatures for enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation and to implement them in a single bioreactor. To address this issue, in the present study, we aimed to perform an in vitro, one-pot bioconversion of chitin to pyruvate, which is a precursor of a wide range of useful metabolites. Twelve thermophilic enzymes, including that for NAD+ regeneration, were heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and semi-purified by heat treatment of the crude extract of recombinant cells. When the experimentally decided concentrations of enzymes were incubated with 0.5 mg mL-1 colloidal chitin (equivalent to 2.5 mM N-acetylglucosamine unit) and an adequate set of cofactors at 70°C, 0.62 mM pyruvate was produced in 5 h. Despite the use of a cofactor-balanced pathway, determination of the pool sizes of cofactors showed a rapid decrease in ATP concentration, most probably due to the thermally stable ATP-degrading enzyme(s) derived from the host cell. Integration of an additional enzyme set of thermophilic adenylate kinase and polyphosphate kinase led to the deceleration of ATP degradation, and the final product titer was improved to 2.1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pham Huynh Ninh
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironori Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Okano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisao Ohtake
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Inokuma K, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Ethanol production from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by Scheffersomyces stipitis strains. AMB Express 2016; 6:83. [PMID: 27699702 PMCID: PMC5047876 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is the building block of chitin, which is one of the most abundant renewable resources in nature after cellulose. Therefore, a microorganism that can utilize GlcNAc is necessary for chitin-based biorefinery. In this study, we report on the screening and characterization of yeast strains for bioethanol production from GlcNAc. We demonstrate that Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis strains can use GlcNAc as the sole carbon source and produce ethanol. S. stipitis NBRC1687, 10007, and 10063 strains consumed most of the 50 g/L GlcNAc provided, and produced 14.5 ± 0.6, 15.0 ± 0.3, and 16.4 ± 0.3 g/L of ethanol after anaerobic fermentation at 30 °C for 96 h. The ethanol yields of these strains were approximately 81, 75, and 82 % (mol ethanol/mol GlcNAc consumed), respectively. Moreover, S. stipitis NBRC10063 maintained high GlcNAc-utilizing capacity at 35 °C, and produced 12.6 ± 0.7 g/L of ethanol after 96 h. This strain also achieved the highest ethanol titer (23.3 ± 1.0 g/L) from 100 g/L GlcNAc. To our knowledge, this is the first report on ethanol production via fermentation of GlcNAc by naturally occurring yeast strains.
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27
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Fu X, Yan Q, Wang J, Yang S, Jiang Z. Purification and biochemical characterization of novel acidic chitinase from Paenicibacillus barengoltzii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Optimized expression conditions for enhancing production of two recombinant chitinolytic enzymes from different prokaryote domains. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 38:2477-86. [PMID: 26470707 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing functional gene expression is key to high-level production of active chitinases. For this purpose, the effects of culture cell density, inducer concentration, post-induction time and induction temperatures on the functional expression of two different chitinases (HsChiA1p, a family 18 archaeal chitinase and PtChi19p, a family 19 bacterial chitinase) were comparatively investigated. Results showed that the effect of each parameter on the activity of both chitinases was specific to each enzyme. In addition, different Escherichia coli host strains compatible with the expression in pET systems were assayed for active protein overexpression. When using BL21 Star (DE3), a significant increase of 60% in expression was observed for the active archaeal chitinase HsChiA1p as compared to that found when using BL21 (DE3), indicating that the rne131 gene mutation efficiently stabilizes the mRNA for HsChiA1p. Using the Codon Adaptation Index value, rare codon analysis of the archaeal HschiA1 and bacterial Ptchi19 genes revealed that both DNA sequences were not optimal for maximal expression in E. coli. Different E. coli host strains possess extra copies of some of the tRNA genes for rare codons. For the Rosetta 2 (DE3) and the BL21 RP (DE3) strains, a significant increase of 40% was reached for the activity of HsChiA1p and PtChi19p. Finally, as part of the protein still remained insoluble, the best conditions for recovering biologically active protein from inclusion bodies were established for each enzyme.
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29
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Nascimento TP, Sales AE, Porto CS, Brandão RMP, de Campos-Takaki GM, Teixeira JAC, Porto TS, Porto ALF, Converti A. Purification of a fibrinolytic protease from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 by aqueous two-phase systems (PEG/sulfate). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1025:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Zhang A, Gao C, Chen K, Wei C, Ouyang P. Enhanced chitinase production by Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 using staged pH control. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:126-31. [PMID: 27246535 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The pH of a microbiological culture is important for both cell growth and chitinase accumulation, but the optimal pH is not normally the same for both. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pH on chitinase production by Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis strain SYBC-H1 (ATCC BAA-2140) in a mineral medium. The results of batch culture at different pH values showed that the optimum pH for cell growth and chitinase production varied with time, although KOH produced the best results for cell growth and chitinase production, NaOH was chosen because of cost considerations. We designed a three-stage pH control strategy using NaOH as the neutralizing agent. Maximum cell growth (1.07 g dry cell weight/l) and maximum chitinase activity (13.6 U/ml) were observed after culture at 26°C for 72 h in a mineral medium. These values were greater by 129% and 162%, respectively, and the length of time to attain maximum chitinase activity was decreased by 12 h, compared with results from an earlier study (Hao et al., 2011b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University
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31
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Rishad K, Rebello S, Nathan VK, Shabanamol S, Jisha M. Optimised production of chitinase from a novel mangrove isolate, Bacillus pumilus MCB-7 using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Characterization of extracellular chitinase from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and its application in GlcNAc production from crayfish shell enzymatic degradation. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lee SB, Jeong GT. Catalytic Conversion of Chitosan to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Under Low Temperature Hydrothermal Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1151-61. [PMID: 25926010 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the catalytic conversion of natural polymer chitosan to 5-HMF under low temperature hydrothermal condition was investigated. The highest 5-HMF yield of 12.1 wt% was obtained under the following conditions: 174 °C reaction temperature, 2.2 % catalyst amount, and 36.9 min reaction time. In the effect of combined severity, the 5-HMF production linearly increased to the combined severity factor of 3.07. By the way, higher combined severity factor can cause the over-degradation of 5-HMF. From this result, chitosan showed significant potential as a feedstock for the production of platform chemicals such as 5-HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bum Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
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Stoykov YM, Pavlov AI, Krastanov AI. Chitinase biotechnology: Production, purification, and application. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Mihaylov Stoykov
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Science; Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Ivanov Pavlov
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Science; Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Food Technology; Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Matano C, Uhde A, Youn JW, Maeda T, Clermont L, Marin K, Krämer R, Wendisch VF, Seibold GM. Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and L-lysine and lycopene production from N-acetyl-glucosamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5633-43. [PMID: 24668244 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable supply of feedstock has become a key issue in process development in microbial biotechnology. The workhorse of industrial amino acid production Corynebacterium glutamicum has been engineered towards utilization of alternative carbon sources. Utilization of the chitin-derived aminosugar N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) for both cultivation and production with C. glutamicum has hitherto not been investigated. Albeit this organism harbors the enzymes N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphatedeacetylase and glucosamine-6P deaminase of GlcNAc metabolism (encoded by nagA and nagB, respectively) growth of C. glutamicum with GlcNAc as substrate was not observed. This was attributed to the lack of a functional system for GlcNAc uptake. Of the 17 type strains of the genus Corynebacterium tested here for their ability to grow with GlcNAc, only Corynebacterium glycinophilum DSM45794 was able to utilize this substrate. Complementation studies with a GlcNAc-uptake deficient Escherichia coli strain revealed that C. glycinophilum possesses a nagE-encoded EII permease for GlcNAc uptake. Heterologous expression of the C. glycinophilum nagE in C. glutamicum indeed enabled uptake of GlcNAc. For efficient GlcNac utilization in C. glutamicum, improved expression of nagE with concurrent overexpression of the endogenous nagA and nagB genes was found to be necessary. Based on this strategy, C. glutamicum strains for the efficient production of the amino acid L-lysine as well as the carotenoid lycopene from GlcNAc as sole substrate were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Matano
- Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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