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P V A, K M R, Raval K, Selvaraj S, Raval R. Identification and characterization of chitinase producing marine microorganism: Unleashing the potential of chitooligosaccharides for bioethanol synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130846. [PMID: 38492689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The dwindling supply of the petroleum product and its carbon footprint has initiated search for a sustainable fuel and alternate feed-stocks. One such underexplored feedstock is chitin, a waste derived from sea food processing. The limitation of insolubility and crystallinity inherent in chitin is addressed with the chitin hydrolysates. In the present study, a chitinases producing marine isolate was isolated from the sediments of Arabian Sea from a depth of 20 m. In order to increase the expression of the chitinases, sequential optimisation using one factor at a time and Taguchi experimental designs were employed which resulted in a yield of 13.46 U/mL which was 2.62 fold higher than the initial bioprocess condition values. In a two-step refinery protocol, Candida albicans was evolved towards chitooligosaccharides using chemically synthesized hydrolysates. In a fed -batch fermentation design the Candida yielded a 12.8 % conversion of these commercial chitin oligosaccharides into bioethanol in a run time of 48 h. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of Candida to utilise chitin oligosaccharides for the production of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheena P V
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh K M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Awasthi S, Prior Palomero B, Srivastava A, Selvaraj S, Pandey SK. Nanodiamond-structured zinc composite coatings with strong bonding and high load-bearing capacity. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:1001-1010. [PMID: 38298590 PMCID: PMC10825905 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The aerospace and automotive industries find that relying solely on the intrinsic resistance of alloys is inadequate to safeguard aircraft and automotive structural components from harsh environmental conditions. While it is difficult to attribute accidents exclusively to coating failure due to the involvement of multiple factors, there are instances where defects in the coating initiate a wear or degradation process, leading to premature and unplanned structural failures. Metallic coatings have been introduced to protect the aircraft mainly from wear due to the extreme temperatures and moisture exposure during their service life. Bare metallic coatings have a limited lifespan and need to be replaced frequently. Herein, the strength and wear resistance of zinc (Zn) coating is enhanced using varying concentrations of diamond particles as an additive in the Zn matrix (Zn-D). The dispersion strengthening mechanism is attributed to the high hardness (70 HRC), and reduced friction-of-coefficient (0.21) and dissipation energy (4.6 × 10-4 J) of electrodeposited Zn-D7.5 (7.5 g l-1 of diamond concentration) composite coating. Moreover, enhanced wear resistance with minimum wear volume (1.12 × 10-3 mm3) and wear rate (1.25 × 10-3 mm3 N-1 m-1) of the Zn-D7.5 composite coating resulted in perfect blending of diamond with Zn. The improved hardness and wear resistance for Zn-D7.5 (optimum 7.5 g l-1 diamond concentration) is due to the steadiness between well-dispersed diamonds in Zn and enrichment in load-bearing ability due to the incorporation of diamond particles. Electronic structure calculations on the zinc-diamond composite models (two configurations adopted) have been performed using the density functional theory (DFT) approach, and the in silico studies appeared to facilitate meaningful and evocative outcomes. Zn-doped diamond (C10@Zn) without hydrogen (H) atoms (binding energy: 418 kcal mol-1, i.e. showing an endothermic reaction and thermodynamically not favourable) was detected to be more stable than the Zn-doped diamond (C10H16@Zn) consisting of hydrogen (H) atoms (binding energy: -33.3 kcal mol-1, i.e. showing an exothermic reaction and thermodynamically preferable). Thus, a composite coating of zinc and diamond can be a suitable candidate for the aerospace and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur 303007 India
| | | | - Ankur Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur India 303007
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Thandalam Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur 303007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal 462003 India
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3
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Ram Kumar A, Selvaraj S, Azam M, Sheeja Mol G, Kanagathara N, Alam M, Jayaprakash P. Spectroscopic, Biological, and Topological Insights on Lemonol as a Potential Anticancer Agent. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31548-31566. [PMID: 37663516 PMCID: PMC10468887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A monoterpene alcohol known as lemonol was investigated experimentally as well as theoretically in order to gain insights into its geometrical structure, vibrational frequencies, solvent effects on electronic properties, molecular electrostatic potential, Mulliken atomic charge distribution, natural bond orbital, and Nonlinear Optical properties. The frontier molecular orbital energy gap values of 5.9084 eV (gas), 5.9261 eV (ethanol), 5.9185 eV (chloroform), 5.9253 eV (acetone), and 5.9176 eV (diethyl ether) were predicted, and it shows the kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of lemonol. Topological studies were conducted using Multiwfn software to understand the binding sites and weak interactions in lemonol. The antiproliferative effect of lemonol against the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF-7) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while nuclear damage, condensation, and reactive oxygen species generation were identified using acridine orange/ethidium bromide, propidium iodide, and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. The theoretical and experimental findings are highly correlated, confirming the structure, and the results of in vitro studies suggest that lemonol acts as a potent inhibitor against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, highlighting its strong antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ram Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Selvaraj
- Department
of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G.P. Sheeja Mol
- PG
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s
College for Women, Alappuzha 688001, Kerala, India
- Affiliated
to University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India
| | - N. Kanagathara
- Department
of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department
of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 780714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department
of Physics, St. Joseph’s Institute
of Technology, OMR, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pawaskar GM, Raval R, Selvaraj S. Process Evaluation and Kinetics of Recombinant Chitin Deacetylase Expression in <em>E. coli</em> Rosetta pLysS Cells Using a Statistical Technique. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 36971450 DOI: 10.3791/64590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the greener route of the deacetylation of chitin to chitosan using the enzyme chitin deacetylase has gained importance. Enzymatically converted chitosan with emulating characteristics has a broad range of applications, particularly in the biomedical field. Several recombinant chitin deacetylases from various environmental sources have been reported, but there are no studies on process optimization for the production of these recombinant chitin deacetylases. The present study used the central composite design of response surface methodology to maximize the recombinant bacterial chitin deacetylase (BaCDA) production in E. coli Rosetta pLysS. The optimized process conditions were 0.061% glucose concentration, 1% lactose concentration, an incubation temperature of 22 °C, an agitation speed at 128 rpm, and 30 h of fermentation. At optimized conditions, the expression due to lactose induction was initiated after 16 h of fermentation. The maximum expression, biomass, and BaCDA activity were recorded 14 h post-induction. At the optimized condition, the BaCDA activity of expressed BaCDA was increased ~2.39-fold. The process optimization reduced the total fermentation cycle by 22 h and expression time by 10 h post-induction. This is the first study to report the process optimization of recombinant chitin deacetylase expression using a central composite design and its kinetic profiling. Adapting these optimal growth conditions could result in cost-effective, large-scale production of the lesser-explored moneran deacetylase, embarking on a greener route for biomedical-grade chitosan production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Mohan Pawaskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE);
| | - Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE);
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Selvaraj S, Ram Kumar A, Ahilan T, Kesavan M, Gunasekaran S, Kumaresan S. Multi spectroscopic and computational investigations on the electronic structure of oxyclozanide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pai S, Hebbar A, Selvaraj S. A critical look at challenges and future scopes of bioactive compounds and their incorporations in the food, energy, and pharmaceutical sector. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35518-35541. [PMID: 35233673 PMCID: PMC9079019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds refer to secondary metabolites extracted from plants, fungi, microbes, or animals. Besides having pharmacological or toxicological effects on organisms leading to utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries, the discovery of novel properties of such compounds has led to the diversification of their applications, ranging from cosmetics and functionalized biomaterials to bioremediation and alternate fuels. Conventional time-consuming and solvent-intensive methods of extraction are increasingly being replaced by green solvents such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and deep eutectic solvents, as well as non-conventional methods of extraction assisted by microwaves, pulse electric fields, enzymes, ultrasound, or pressure. These methods, along with advances in characterization and optimization strategies, have boosted the commercial viability of extraction especially from agrowastes and organic residues, promoting a sustainable circular economy. Further development of microfluidics, optimization models, nanoencapsulation, and metabolic engineering are expected to overcome certain limitations that restrict the growth of this field, in the context of improving screening, extraction, and economy of processes, as well as retaining biodiversity and enhancing the stability and functionality of such compounds. This review is a compilation of the various extraction and characterization methods employed for bioactive compounds and covers major applications in food, pharmacy, chemicals, energy, and bioremediation. Major limitations and scope of improvement are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanidhya Pai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Akshatha Hebbar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India.
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Singh A, Kelkar N, Natarajan K, Selvaraj S. Review on the extraction of calcium supplements from eggshells to combat waste generation and chronic calcium deficiency. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:46985-46998. [PMID: 34269980 PMCID: PMC8384791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When faced with a plethora of issues, the possibility of one problem becoming the solution of another is a rare, yet beneficial scenario. This report explores the prospect of viewing the accumulation of organic waste matter in India as a potential calcium reservoir to relieve the issue of calcium deficiency in the population. Waste generation has seen gradual growth, and it has created a problem of waste disposal. A large segment of the generated waste primarily consists of food waste which contains significant amounts of nutrients. Food waste such as eggshells, waste from shellfish, bones, and fish scales contain good amounts of bioavailable calcium, and large quantities of this discarded bioavailable calcium remain unused. Global studies show India to have significantly lower levels of calcium intake than the global average, thus increasing the risk of calcium deficiency-related diseases. Furthermore, research shows that for over the past half of the century, the intake of dietary calcium has declined drastically throughout India. This has led to chronic calcium deficiency-related diseases throughout most of the Indian population. Hence, development of calcium supplements from calcium-rich waste material has the potential to not only reduce the strain on waste management, but also to provide the calcium-deficient population with a cheaper alternative to traditional supplements. Owing to the abundance and ease of separation, eggshells have been chosen as the focus of the review. This review highlights and compares their extraction methods of providing cheap calcium supplements while reducing the amount of eggshell waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nachiket Kelkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kannan Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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8
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Mani M, Okla MK, Selvaraj S, Ram Kumar A, Kumaresan S, Muthukumaran A, Kaviyarasu K, El-Tayeb MA, Elbadawi YB, Almaary KS, Ahmed Almunqedhi BM, Elshikh MS. A novel biogenic Allium cepa leaf mediated silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects on MCF-7 cell line. Environ Res 2021; 198:111199. [PMID: 33932479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Allium cepa leaf extract was utilized to reduce the silver nitrate into the nanoscale range of silver ions (Ag NPs). The biosynthesized Ag NPs were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of synthesized Ag NPs was verified by DPPH assay. From the results obtained from XRD and DLS studies, the size of Ag NPs was determined to be around 54.3 nm. The measured zeta potential value of -19.1 mV confirms the excellent stability of biosynthesized Ag NPs. TEM analyses reveal that the biosynthesized Ag NPs have a spherical structure of 13 nm in size. The presence of various functional groups was confirmed through FTIR studies and EDAX verifies the weight percentage of silver content in biosynthesized nanoparticles to be 30.33%. In the present study, anti-cancer activity was carried out by using breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Further, silver nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial effectiveness against gram-positive Bacillus cereus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The MTT assay also showed better cytotoxic activity against the MCF- 7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mani
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Science and Humanities, St. Joseph College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur - 602117, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Ram Kumar
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Indo- American College, Cheyyar - 604407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kumaresan
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Azhaguchamy Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Selvaraj S, K.N. S, Sundaram RM, S.R, Anbalagan C, S.R, J.S. Is in vivo biodistribution and toxicity assessment of human mesenchymal stromal cells in rodent model relevant to organ targeted clinical trials? Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921003571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Selvaraj S, Claggett B, Veldhuisen D, Anand I, Pieske B, Rouleau J, Zile M, Shi V, Lefkowitz M, McMurray J, Solomon S. Serum uric acid, influence of sacubitril/valsartan, and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: PARAGON-HF. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Serum uric acid (SUA) is a biomarker of several pathobiologies relevant to the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), though by itself may also worsen outcomes. In HF with reduced EF, SUA is independently associated with adverse outcomes and sacubitril/valsartan reduces SUA compared to enalapril. These effects in HFpEF have not been delineated.
Purpose
To determine the prognostic value of SUA, relationship of change in SUA to quality of life and outcomes, and influence of sacubitril/valsartan on SUA in HFpEF.
Methods
We analyzed 4,795 participants from the Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction (PARAGON-HF) trial. We related baseline hyperuricemia to the primary outcome (CV death and total HF hospitalization), its components, myocardial infarction or stroke, and a renal composite outcome. At the 4-month visit, the relationship between SUA change and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) and several biomarkers including N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were also assessed. We simultaneously adjusted for baseline and time-updated SUA to determine whether lowering SUA was associated with clinical benefit.
Results
Average age was 73±8 years and 52% were women. After multivariable adjustment, hyperuricemia was associated with increased risk for most outcomes (primary outcome HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.37, 1.90, Fig 1A). The treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan for the primary outcome was not modified by baseline SUA (interaction p=0.11). Sacubitril/valsartan reduced SUA −0.38 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.45, −0.31) compared with valsartan (Fig 1B), with greater effect in those with baseline hyperuricemia (−0.50 mg/dL) (interaction p=0.013). Change in SUA was independently and inversely associated with change in KCCQ-OSS (p=0.019) and eGFR (p<0.001), but not NT-proBNP (p=0.52). Time-updated SUA was a stronger predictor of adverse outcomes over baseline SUA.
Conclusions
SUA independently predicts adverse outcomes in HFpEF. Sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduces SUA compared to valsartan, an effect that was stronger in those with higher baseline SUA, and reducing SUA was associated with improved outcomes.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Novartis
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvaraj
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - B.L Claggett
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - D.V Veldhuisen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - I.S Anand
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - B Pieske
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M.R Zile
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - V.C Shi
- Novartis, East Hanover, United States of America
| | | | - J.J.V McMurray
- Cardiovascular Research Centre of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S.D Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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Patidar A, Selvaraj S, Chauhan P, Guzman CA, Ebensen T, Sarkar A, Chattopadhyay D, Saha B. Peptidoglycan-treated tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells impart complete resistance against tumor rechallenge. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:279-288. [PMID: 32443171 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors elicit suppressive T cell responses which impair antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions. Such immune suppression results in uncontrolled tumor growth and mortality. Addressing APC dysfunction, dendritic cell (DC)-mediated anti-tumor vaccination was extensively investigated in both mice and humans. These studies never achieved full resistance to tumor relapse. Herein, we describe a repetitive RM-1 murine tumor rechallenge model for recurrence in humans. Using this newly developed model, we show that priming with tumor antigen-pulsed, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 ligand-activated DCs elicits a host-protective anti-tumor immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Upon stimulation with the TLR2 ligand peptidoglycan (PGN), the tumor antigen-pulsed DCs induce complete resistance to repetitive tumor challenges. Intra-tumoral injection of PGN reduces tumor growth. The tumor resistance is accompanied by increased expression of interleukin (IL)-27, T-box transcription factor TBX21 (T-bet), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, along with heightened cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions. Mice primed four times with PGN-stimulated tumor antigen-pulsed DCs remain entirely resistant to repeat challenges with RM-1 tumor cells, suggesting complete prevention of relapse and recurrence of tumor. Adoptive transfer of T cells from these mice, which were fully protected from RM-1 rechallenge, confers anti-tumor immunity to syngeneic naive recipient mice upon RM-1 challenge. These observations indicate that PGN-activated DCs induce robust host-protective anti-tumor T cells that completely resist tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patidar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - S Selvaraj
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - P Chauhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - C A Guzman
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Ebensen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - B Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.,National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
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Selvaraj S, Rajkumar P, Kesavan M, Thirunavukkarasu K, Gunasekaran S, Devi NS, Kumaresan S. Spectroscopic and structural investigations on modafinil by FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV-Vis and DFT methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 224:117449. [PMID: 31422339 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral sulfoxide based smart drug modafinil were studied experimentally and theoretically. Vibrational spectra were recorded in the mid IR region and electronic spectra were recorded in UV-Visible region. The molecular geometry, vibrational spectra, magnetic spectra and electronic spectra were simulated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) employed with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The molecular geometry optimization, vibrational frequencies, chemical shifts and solvent effect on electronic properties were reported. The intermolecular interactions have been studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis. There is good agreement was found between calculated and observed values, thereby to confirm the molecular structure of modafinil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvaraj
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, 604407, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics, Indo - American College, Cheyyar 604407, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Rajkumar
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, 604407, Tamil Nadu, India; PG and Research Department of Physics, King Nandhivarman College of Arts and Science, Thellar 604406, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kesavan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Thirunavukkarasu
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, 604407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Gunasekaran
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, St. Peters University, Avadi, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Saradha Devi
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar 604407, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kumaresan
- Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, 604407, Tamil Nadu, India
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Selvaraj S, Vytla RM, Vijay GS, Natarajan K. Modeling and optimization of tannase production with Triphala in packed bed reactor by response surface methodology, genetic algorithm, and artificial neural network. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:259. [PMID: 31192084 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, optimization of the production medium to enhance tannase production by Bacillus gottheilii M2S2 in laboratory-scale packed bed reactor was studied. Amount of substrate Triphala, moisture content, aeration rate, and fermentation period was chosen for optimization study. During one variable at a time optimization, the highest tannase activity of 0.226 U/gds was shown with Triphala as a substrate at the fermentation period of 32 h. Furthermore, the optimum conditions predicted by response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) were found to be 11.532 g of substrate Triphala, 47.071% of the moisture content, and 1.188 L/min of an aeration rate with uppermost tannase activity of 0.262 U/gds. In addition, the single hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFNN) and the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) of an artificial neural network (ANN) were adopted to compare the prediction performances of the RSM and GA. It revealed that the ANN models (SLFNN, R 2 = 0.9930; and RBFNN, R 2 = 0.9949) were better predictors than the RSM (R 2 = 0.9864). Finally, the validation experiment exhibited 0.265 U/gds of tannase activity at the optimized conditions, which is an 11-fold increase compared to unoptimized media in shake flask.
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Bhalerao G, Selvaraj S, Parlikar R, Sreeraj V, Shivakumar V, Damodharan D, Chhabra H, Bose A, Narayanaswamy J, Rao N, Venkatasubramanian G. White Matter Correlates of Electric Field Activity in HD-tDCS for Schizophrenia: A Computational Neuromodeling Study. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Parlikar R, Bhalerao G, Selvaraj S, Dinakaran D, Chhabra H, Sreeraj V, Shivakumar V, Bose A, Narayanaswamy J, Rao N, Venkatasubramanian G. Effect of High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Correlates with Gray Matter Volume. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Farooqui H, Mehta A, Selvaraj S. The impact assessment of Scheduel H1 on the sales of over-the-counter antibiotics in India: Evidence from quasi-experimental research design. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
This review attempts to draw on the published literature to address three practical clinical questions. First, what means of testing the degree of regional blockade pre-operatively are available, and can eventual success or failure be determined soon after injection? Second, is it possible to predict if a block inserted after the induction of general anaesthesia will be effective when the patient wakes? Third, what features, and what duration, should cause concern when a block does not resolve as expected after surgery? Although the relevant literature is limited, we recommend testing of multiple sensory modalities before surgery commences; temperature and thermographic changes may offer additional early warning of success or failure. There are a number of existing methods of assessing nociception under general anaesthesia, but none has yet been applied to gauge the onset of a regional block. Finally, criteria for further investigation and neurological referral when block symptoms persist postoperatively are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ode
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - A F Smith
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
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Thirunavukkarasu K, Rajkumar P, Selvaraj S, Gunasekaran S, Kumaresan S. Electronic structure, vibrational (FT-IR and FT-Raman), UV–Vis and NMR analysis of 5-(4-(2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl) ethoxy) benzyl) thiazolidine-2,4-dione by quantum chemical method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Rajkumar P, Kesavan M, Gunasekaran S, Kumaresan S. Experimental and theoretical investigations on spectroscopic properties of tropicamide. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thirunavukkarasu K, Rajkumar P, Selvaraj S, Suganya R, Kesavan M, Gunasekaran S, Kumaresan S. Vibrational (FT-IR and FT-Raman), electronic (UV–Vis), NMR (1H and 13C) spectra and molecular docking analyses of anticancer molecule 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Vytla RM. Solid state fermentation of Bacillus gottheilii M2S2 in laboratory-scale packed bed reactor for tannase production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:799-807. [PMID: 30303763 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Production of tannase was performed in packed bed reactor filled with an inert support polyurethane foam (PUF) using Bacillus gottheilii M2S2. The influence of process parameters such as fermentation time (24-72 h), tannic acid concentration (0.5-2.5% w/v), inoculum size (7-12% v/v), and aeration rate (0-0.2 L/min) on tannase production with PUF were analyzed using one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. The outcome of OVAT was optimized by central composite design. Based on the statistical investigation, the proposed mathematical model recommends 1% (w/v) of tannic acid, 10% (v/v) of inoculum size and 0.13 L/min of aeration rate for maximum production (76.57 ± 1.25 U/L). The crude enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate salt precipitation method followed by dialysis. The biochemical properties of partially purified tannase were analyzed and found the optimum pH (4.0), temperature (40 °C) for activity, and Km (1.077 mM) and Vmax (1.11 µM/min) with methyl gallate as a substrate. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis, tannase exhibited two bands with molecular weights of 57.5 and 42.3 kDa. Briefly, the partially purified tannase showed 4.2 fold increase (63 ± 1.60 U/L) in comparison to the submerged fermentation and the production of tannase was validated by using NMR spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- a Department of Biotechnology , Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Ramachandra Murty Vytla
- a Department of Biotechnology , Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
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Rajkumar P, Selvaraj S, Suganya R, Velmurugan D, Gunasekaran S, Kumaresan S. Vibrational and electronic spectral analysis of thymol an isomer of carvacrol isolated from Trachyspermum ammi seed: A combined experimental and theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Arnone D, Wise T, Walker C, Cowen PJ, Howes O, Selvaraj S. The effects of serotonin modulation on medial prefrontal connectivity strength and stability: A pharmacological fMRI study with citalopram. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:152-159. [PMID: 29409920 PMCID: PMC5886357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Static and dynamic functional connectivity are being increasingly used to measure the effects of disease and a range of different interventions on brain networks. While preliminary evidence suggests that static connectivity can be modulated by chronic antidepressants administration in healthy individuals and in major depression, much less is known about the acute effects of antidepressants especially on dynamic functional connectivity changes. Here we examine acute effects of antidepressants on dynamic functional connectivity within the default mode network. The default mode network is a well described network with many functions in which the role of serotonin is not clear. METHODS In this work we measured acute pharmacological effects of an infusion of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (10 mg) in a sample of thirteen healthy volunteers randomised to receive on two occasions the active compound or placebo in a cross over dosing. RESULTS Acute citalopram administration relative to placebo increased static connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. The SSRI also induced a reduction in variability of connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. DISCUSSION The measured changes are compatible with modified serotonin cortical availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arnone
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - T Wise
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Walker
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P J Cowen
- Neurosciences Building, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - O Howes
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S Selvaraj
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Selvaraj S, Suresh MR, McLean G, Willans D, Turner C, Haines DM, Longenecker M, Noujaim A. A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.
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Wise T, Radua J, Via E, Cardoner N, Abe O, Adams TM, Amico F, Cheng Y, Cole JH, de Azevedo Marques Périco C, Dickstein DP, Farrow TFD, Frodl T, Wagner G, Gotlib IH, Gruber O, Ham BJ, Job DE, Kempton MJ, Kim MJ, Koolschijn PCMP, Malhi GS, Mataix-Cols D, McIntosh AM, Nugent AC, O'Brien JT, Pezzoli S, Phillips ML, Sachdev PS, Salvadore G, Selvaraj S, Stanfield AC, Thomas AJ, van Tol MJ, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Young AH, Fu CH, Cleare AJ, Arnone D. Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1455-1463. [PMID: 27217146 PMCID: PMC5622121 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding robust brain substrates of mood disorders is an important target for research. The degree to which major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with common and/or distinct patterns of volumetric changes is nevertheless unclear. Furthermore, the extant literature is heterogeneous with respect to the nature of these changes. We report a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in MDD and BD. We identified studies published up to January 2015 that compared grey matter in MDD (50 data sets including 4101 individuals) and BD (36 data sets including 2407 individuals) using whole-brain VBM. We used statistical maps from the studies included where available and reported peak coordinates otherwise. Group comparisons and conjunction analyses identified regions in which the disorders showed common and distinct patterns of volumetric alteration. Both disorders were associated with lower grey-matter volume relative to healthy individuals in a number of areas. Conjunction analysis showed smaller volumes in both disorders in clusters in the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula. Group comparisons indicated that findings of smaller grey-matter volumes relative to controls in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus, along with cerebellar, temporal and parietal regions were more substantial in major depression. These results suggest that MDD and BD are characterised by both common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume changes. This combination of differences and similarities has the potential to inform the development of diagnostic biomarkers for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wise
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - J Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Research Unit, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries – CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Via
- Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell-CIBERSAM, University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell-CIBERSAM, University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Abe
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T M Adams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - F Amico
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - J H Cole
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C de Azevedo Marques Périco
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- ABC Center of Studies on Mental Health, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - D P Dickstein
- PediMIND Program, Bradley Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - T F D Farrow
- Academic Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Wagner
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - I H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - O Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B J Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D E Job
- Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network–A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Giffnock, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - P C M P Koolschijn
- Department of Psychology, Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G S Malhi
- CADE Clinic, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Mataix-Cols
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J T O'Brien
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Pezzoli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - G Salvadore
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A C Stanfield
- The Patrick Wild Centre, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A J Thomas
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M J van Tol
- NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - C H Fu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - A J Cleare
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - D Arnone
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Selvaraj S, Vytla RM. Evaluation of model parameters for growth, tannic acid utilization and tannase production in Bacillus gottheilii M2S2 using polyurethane foam blocks as support. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:275. [PMID: 28794930 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of tannase from B. gottheilii M2S2 was studied under solid-state fermentation with an optimized medium consisting of polyurethane foam matrix of dimension 40 × 40 × 5 mm, impregnated with a liquid medium comprising (w/v): 4% tannic acid; 2% NH4NO3; 0.1% KH2PO4; 0.2% MgSO4; 0.1% NaCl and 0.05% CaCl2·2H2O in distilled water, having a pH of 4.7. Maximum tannase production of 56.87 U/L was obtained after 32 h of fermentation at 32 °C in static condition. This study deals with the evaluation of unstructured kinetic models to understand the behavior of biomass, tannase production and tannic acid degradation, with the fermentation time. The growth rate of B. gottheilii M2S2 was 0.0703 h-1 at 32 h of fermentation. Product (Yx/s) and biomass yield (Yp/s) coefficients were estimated as 1.77 U/g of tannic acid and 0.276 g of biomass/g of tannic acid. All the kinetic constants µ, α, β, m and n were evaluated using MATLAB 2015Rb program. The experimental and model-generated data showed a good correlation, which indicated that these models will describe tannase production and fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 576104 India
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Govindasamy M, Mani V, Chen SM, Maiyalagan T, Selvaraj S, Chen TW, Lee SY, Chang WH. Highly sensitive determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of an electrochemically reduced graphene nanoribbon (ER-GONR) film modified screen-printed carbon electrode for the highly sensitive determination of nimesulide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Govindasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | | | - S. Selvaraj
- Bishop Heber College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli-620017
- India
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yi Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- MacKay Memorial Hospital
- MacKay Medicine
- Nursing and Management College
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- MacKay Memorial College Department of Cardiology
- MacKay Memorial Hospital
- Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- MacKay Memorial Hospital
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Saravanan KM, Suvaithenamudhan S, Parthasarathy S, Selvaraj S. Pairwise contact energy statistical potentials can help to find probability of point mutations. Proteins 2016; 85:54-64. [PMID: 27761949 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To adopt a particular fold, a protein requires several interactions between its amino acid residues. The energetic contribution of these residue-residue interactions can be approximated by extracting statistical potentials from known high resolution structures. Several methods based on statistical potentials extracted from unrelated proteins are found to make a better prediction of probability of point mutations. We postulate that the statistical potentials extracted from known structures of similar folds with varying sequence identity can be a powerful tool to examine probability of point mutation. By keeping this in mind, we have derived pairwise residue and atomic contact energy potentials for the different functional families that adopt the (α/β)8 TIM-Barrel fold. We carried out computational point mutations at various conserved residue positions in yeast Triose phosphate isomerase enzyme for which experimental results are already reported. We have also performed molecular dynamics simulations on a subset of point mutants to make a comparative study. The difference in pairwise residue and atomic contact energy of wildtype and various point mutations reveals probability of mutations at a particular position. Interestingly, we found that our computational prediction agrees with the experimental studies of Silverman et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001;98:3092-3097) and perform better prediction than iMutant and Cologne University Protein Stability Analysis Tool. The present work thus suggests deriving pairwise contact energy potentials and molecular dynamics simulations of functionally important folds could help us to predict probability of point mutations which may ultimately reduce the time and cost of mutation experiments. Proteins 2016; 85:54-64. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Saravanan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 025, India
| | - S Suvaithenamudhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tirchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - S Parthasarathy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tirchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tirchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
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Sugunakala S, Selvaraj S. 2D QSAR and Virtual Screening based on Pyridopyrimidine Analogs of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2016; 12:229-240. [DOI: 10.2174/1573409912666160606150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li M, Foli Y, Liu Z, Wang G, Hu Y, Lu Q, Selvaraj S, Lam W, Paintsil E. High frequency of mitochondrial DNA mutations in HIV-infected treatment-experienced individuals. HIV Med 2016; 18:45-55. [PMID: 27328746 PMCID: PMC5132110 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently observed a decrease in deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) pools in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Alterations in dNTPs result in mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cell culture and animal models. Therefore, we investigated whether ART is associated with mitochondrial genome sequence variation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-infected treatment-experienced individuals. METHODS In this substudy of a case-control study, 71 participants were included: 22 'cases', who were HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with mitochondrial toxicity, 25 HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients without mitochondrial toxicity, and 24 HIV-uninfected controls. Total DNA was extracted from PBMCs and purified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were subjected to third-generation sequencing using the PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The sequences were aligned against the revised Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA (NC_012920.1) for detection of variants. RESULTS We identified a total of 123 novel variants, 39 of them in the coding region. HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with and without toxicity had significantly higher average numbers of mitochondrial variants per participant than HIV-uninfected controls. We observed a higher burden of mtDNA large-scale deletions in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with toxicity compared with HIV-uninfected controls (P = 0.02). The frequency of mtDNA molecules containing a common deletion (mt.δ4977) was higher in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with toxicity compared with HIV-uninfected controls (P = 0.06). There was no statistically significant difference in mtDNA variants between HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with and without toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of mtDNA variants (mutations and large-scale deletions) was higher in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients with or without ART-induced toxicity than in uninfected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Foli
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Hu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Q Lu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Paintsil
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Saranya N, Saravanan KM, Michael Gromiha M, Selvaraj S. Analysis of secondary structural and physicochemical changes in protein-protein complexes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:508-16. [PMID: 25990569 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conformation switching in protein-protein complexes is considered important for the molecular recognition process. Overall analysis of 123 protein-protein complexes in a benchmark data-set showed that 6.8% of residues switched over their secondary structure conformation upon complex formation. Amino acid residue-wise preference for conformation change has been analyzed in binding and non-binding site residues separately. In this analysis, residues such as Ser, Leu, Glu, and Lys had higher frequency of secondary structural conformation change. The change of helix to coil and sheet to coil conformation and vice versa has been observed frequently, whereas the conformation change of helix to extended sheet occurred rarely in the studied complexes. Influence of conformation change toward the N and C terminal on either side of the binding site residues has been analyzed. Further, analysis on φ and ψ angle variation, conservation, stability, and solvent accessibility have been performed on binding site residues. Knowledge obtained from the present study could be effectively employed in the protein-protein modeling and docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saranya
- a Department of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India.,b Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics , Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu 641003 , India
| | - K M Saravanan
- a Department of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India.,c Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology , Madurai Kamaraj University , Madurai , Tamil Nadu 625 021 , India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- d Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600036 , India
| | - S Selvaraj
- a Department of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India
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Beck K, McCutcheon R, Bloomfield MAP, Gaughran F, Reis Marques T, MacCabe J, Selvaraj S, Taylor D, Howes OD. The practical management of refractory schizophrenia--the Maudsley Treatment REview and Assessment Team service approach. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:427-38. [PMID: 25201058 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a practical approach to the community management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). METHOD A descriptive review of an approach to the assessment and management of patients with TRS, including the community titration of clozapine treatment, and a report of the management recommendations for the first one hundred patients assessed by the Treatment REview and Assessment Team (TREAT). RESULTS The standardized model for the community assessment, management and titration of clozapine is described. To date, 137 patients have been referred to this service and 100 patients (72%) attended for assessment. Of these, 33 have been initiated on clozapine while fifteen have had clozapine recommended but have not wished to undertake clozapine treatment. Other management options recommended have included augmentation strategies and long-acting injectable antipsychotics. CONCLUSION The service had increased the number of patients receiving community assessment and initiation of clozapine by five-fold relative to the rate prior to the establishment of the service. The large number of referrals and high attendance rate indicates that there is clinical demand for the model. Systematic evaluation is required to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this model and its potential application to other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Kumar Naik KH, Selvaraj S, Naik N. Metal complexes of ONO donor Schiff base ligand as a new class of bioactive compounds: synthesis, characterization and biological evolution. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 131:599-605. [PMID: 24858195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Present work reviews that, the synthesis of (E)-N'-((7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide [L] ligand and their metal complexes. The colored complexes were prepared of type [M(2+)L]X2, where M(2+)=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr and Cd, L=(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide, X=Cl(-). Ligand derived from the condensation of 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and benzohydrazide in the molar ratio 1:1 and in the molar ratio 1:2 for metal complexes have been prepared. The chelation of the ligand to metal ions occurs through the both oxygen groups, as well as the nitrogen atoms of the azomethine group of the ligand. Reactions of the Schiff base ligand with Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), Strontium(II), and Cadmium(II) afforded the corresponding metal complexes. The structures of the obtained ligand and their respective metal complexes were elucidated by infra-red, elemental analysis, Double beam UV-visible spectra, conductometric measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements and also thermochemical studies. The metal complex exhibits octahedral coordination geometrical arrangement. Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes were tested against antioxidants, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities have been studied. The Schiff base metal complexes emerges effective α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than free Schiff base ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kumar Naik
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.
| | - S Selvaraj
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja Naik
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.
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Usha S, Selvaraj S. Structure-wise discrimination of adenine and guanine by proteins on the basis of their nonbonded interactions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1474-92. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.958759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in India have identified marked variations in overall tobacco use between socio-economic groups. We examined whether associations between socio-economic status (SES) and tobacco use varied across individual Indian states by tobacco type. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 100,855 households in 24 Indian states and Union Territories conducted in 2009-2010. Outcome measures were household tobacco consumption by type. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine associations at the household level between education, income and use and volume of tobacco consumed. RESULTS Overall, 52% of households used any form of tobacco product; the predominant form was smokeless tobacco (22%), followed by bidi (17%) and cigarettes (4%). Increasing household income and higher education level were associated with a higher likelihood of cigarette use but a lower likelihood of bidi and smokeless tobacco use in some Indian states. Increasing household income was associated with higher volumes of cigarette and bidi use among consuming households; however, association between educational level and volume of tobacco consumption was inconsistent. CONCLUSION SES has a varying impact on different types of tobacco use in Indian states. Policy makers should consider socio-economic patterning of tobacco use when designing, implementing and evaluating tobacco control interventions in different states of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
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Selvaraj S, Rajesh P, Naidu B, Kalkat M, Woolhouse IS. P61 Factors influencing improved lung cancer resection rates 2006 2012; A single centre case cohort study: Abstract P61 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Usha S, Selvaraj S. Structure-wise discrimination of cytosine, thymine, and uracil by proteins in terms of their nonbonded interactions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1686-704. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.832384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kia L, Shah SJ, Wang E, Sharma D, Selvaraj S, Medina C, Cahan J, Mahon H, Levitsky J. Role of pretransplant echocardiographic evaluation in predicting outcomes following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2395-401. [PMID: 23915391 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of cardiac function is critical to the survival of patients with end-stage liver disease after liver transplantation (LT). We sought to determine whether pre-LT echocardiographic indices of right heart structure and function were independently predictive of morbidity and mortality post-LT. We retrospectively studied 216 consecutive patients who underwent pre-LT 2-dimensional/Doppler echocardiography with subsequent LT from 2007 to 2010. A blinded reader analyzed multiple echocardiographic parameters, including right ventricular structure and function, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and the presence and severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). On univariate analysis, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, PASP, presence of ≥mild TR, post-operative renal replacement therapy (RRT) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were found to be significant predictors of adverse outcomes. On multivariate analysis, only ≥mild TR was found to predict both patient mortality (p = 0.0024, HR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.62-9.44) and graft failure (p = 0.0010, HR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.70-8.06). PASP and MELD correlated with post-LT intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) and, along with hemodialysis, were associated with hospital LOS and time on ventilator. In conclusion, pre-LT echocardiographic assessments of the right heart may be useful in predicting post-LT morbidity and mortality and guiding the selection of appropriate LT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kia
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Saranya N, Jeyakanthan J, Selvaraj S. Impact of protein binding cavity volume (PCV) and ligand volume (LV) in rigid and flexible docking of protein–ligand complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7593-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Godlewska BR, Norbury R, Selvaraj S, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Short-term SSRI treatment normalises amygdala hyperactivity in depressed patients. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2609-2617. [PMID: 22716999 PMCID: PMC3488813 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remediate negative biases in emotional processing in depressed patients in both behavioural and neural outcome measures. However, it is not clear if these effects occur before, or as a consequence of, changes in clinical state. METHOD In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term SSRI treatment in depressed patients on the neural response to fearful faces prior to clinical improvement in mood. Altogether, 42 unmedicated depressed patients received SSRI treatment (10 mg escitalopram daily) or placebo in a randomised, parallel-group design. The neural response to fearful and happy faces was measured on day 7 of treatment using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A group of healthy controls was imaged in the same way. RESULTS Amygdala responses to fearful facial expressions were significantly greater in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. However, this response was normalised in patients receiving 7 days treatment with escitalopram. There was no significant difference in clinical depression ratings at 7 days between the escitalopram and placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that short-term SSRI treatment in depressed patients remediates amygdala hyperactivity in response to negative emotional stimuli prior to clinical improvement in depressed mood. This supports the hypothesis that the clinical effects of antidepressant treatment may be mediated in part through early changes in emotional processing. Further studies will be needed to show if these early effects of antidepressant medication predict eventual clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Norbury
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Selvaraj
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P. J. Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C. J. Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Selvaraj S, Maqsood U, Chaudri M, Brammer P. P126 Medical Thoracoscopy Experience in a District General Hospital: Abstract P126 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Howes OD, Fusar-Poli P, Bloomfield M, Selvaraj S, McGuire P. From the prodrome to chronic schizophrenia: the neurobiology underlying psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairments. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:459-65. [PMID: 22239576 DOI: 10.2174/138161212799316217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder that remains a considerable cause of global disease burden. Cognitive impairments are common and contribute significantly to the morbidity of the disorder. Over the last two decades or so molecular imaging studies have refined understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the development of psychosis and cognitive impairments. Firstly they have consistently implicated presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in the disorder, finding that dopamine synthesis capacity, dopamine release and baseline dopamine levels are increased in the illness. Secondly recent findings show that dopamine synthesis capacity is elevated in those that go on to develop psychosis in the following year, but not in those that do not, and appears to increase further with the development of psychosis. Thirdly evidence links greater dopamine synthesis capacity to poorer cognitive performance and altered frontal cortical function measured using functional imaging during cognitive tasks. Finally they have provided data on the nature of other neurofunctional alterations in the disorder, in particular in the serotonergic system and neuroinflammation. We review these findings and discuss their implications for understanding the neurobiology of psychosis and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group Cyclotron Building Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Packirisamy G, Karthikeyan B, Prasath PA, George KG, Babu E, Ashida TS, Ajith A, Selvaraj S, Santosh S, Balachander J. AS-006 Comparison of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy(BMV) in Patients with Mitral Restenosis(Post BMV/Post TVMC) and Patients Undergoing BMV for the First Time. Am J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Faulkner P, Mouchlianitis E, Turkheimer F, Rosso L, Roiser J, Cowen P, Howes O. P-800 - How do antidepressants work? A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study of brain serotonin levels and affect regulation. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Selvaraj S, Arul Murugan N, Ågren H. Al3+ induced planarization, conformational arrest and metallochromic shift in a pyrimidine dione dye: insight from integrated hybrid quantum–classical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2339-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Parry L, Garbett K, McAdam J, Naicker TR, Srinivasan KS, Moudgil H. P157 Follow-up of pulmonary nodules: following the fleischner radiology guidelines. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Garbett K, McAdam J, Naicker TR, Srinivasan KS, Moudgil H. P197 PET-FDG staging for lung cancer: outcome of high uptake FDG at extrathoracic sites. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Selvaraj S, Davies E, Humphries C, Srinivasan KS, Moudgil H. S63 Telehealth in acute community acquired pneumonia: proof of concept and provisional evaluation of impact on hospital length of stay. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ray JG, Ghosh R, Mallick D, Swain N, Gandhi P, Ram SS, Selvaraj S, Rathore A, Mathummal S, Chakraborty A. Correlation of trace elemental profiles in blood samples of Indian patients with leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:295-305. [PMID: 21717219 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to ascertain possible correlation between alterations in trace elemental profile and the progression or regression of two most common potentially malignant disorders affecting oral cavity, namely oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia, blood from 60 patients from each group of patients as well from 30 healthy individuals was analyzed for elemental profiling employing EDXRF technique. Out of the 16 detected elements (K, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Co, and Pb), Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, and Co showed remarkable alteration in their profile in both leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis patients with respect to the normal healthy individuals. While Zn, Br, and Fe reflected similar changes--showing gross depletion in both the diseased groups, Mn and Co depicted inverse pattern of alterations in their concentrations in the two types of precancerous disorders when compared to the control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ray
- Dr R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Gromiha MM, Saranya N, Selvaraj S, Jayaram B, Fukui K. Sequence and structural features of binding site residues in protein-protein complexes: comparison with protein-nucleic acid complexes. Proteome Sci 2011; 9 Suppl 1:S13. [PMID: 22166143 PMCID: PMC3289074 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-s1-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-protein interactions are important for several cellular processes. Understanding the mechanism of protein-protein recognition and predicting the binding sites in protein-protein complexes are long standing goals in molecular and computational biology. Methods We have developed an energy based approach for identifying the binding site residues in protein–protein complexes. The binding site residues have been analyzed with sequence and structure based parameters such as binding propensity, neighboring residues in the vicinity of binding sites, conservation score and conformational switching. Results We observed that the binding propensities of amino acid residues are specific for protein-protein complexes. Further, typical dipeptides and tripeptides showed high preference for binding, which is unique to protein-protein complexes. Most of the binding site residues are highly conserved among homologous sequences. Our analysis showed that 7% of residues changed their conformations upon protein-protein complex formation and it is 9.2% and 6.6% in the binding and non-binding sites, respectively. Specifically, the residues Glu, Lys, Leu and Ser changed their conformation from coil to helix/strand and from helix to coil/strand. Leu, Ser, Thr and Val prefer to change their conformation from strand to coil/helix. Conclusions The results obtained in this study will be helpful for understanding and predicting the binding sites in protein-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India.
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