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Tong X, Dong Y, Zhou R, Shen X, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang H, Wang J, Lin J, Wen C. Enhanced Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance, Cytocompatibility, Osteogenesis, and Antibacterial Performance of Biodegradable Mg-2Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Sr/Zr Alloys for Bone-Implant Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303975. [PMID: 38235953 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are widely used in bone fixation and bone repair as biodegradable bone-implant materials. However, their clinical application is limited due to their fast corrosion rate and poor mechanical stability. Here, the development of Mg-2Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Sr (MZCS) and Mg-2Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Zr (MZCZ) alloys with improved mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, cytocompatibility, osteogenesis performance, and antibacterial capability is reported. The hot-extruded (HE) MZCZ sample exhibits the highest ultimate tensile strength of 255.8 ± 2.4 MPa and the highest yield strength of 208.4 ± 2.8 MPa and an elongation of 15.7 ± 0.5%. The HE MZCS sample shows the highest corrosion resistance, with the lowest corrosion current density of 0.2 ± 0.1 µA cm-2 and the lowest corrosion rate of 4 ± 2 µm per year obtained from electrochemical testing, and a degradation rate of 368 µm per year and hydrogen evolution rate of 0.83 ± 0.03 mL cm-2 per day obtained from immersion testing. The MZCZ sample shows the highest cell viability in relation to MC3T3-E1 cells among all alloy extracts, indicating good cytocompatibility except at 25% concentration. Furthermore, the MZCZ alloy shows good antibacterial capability against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tong
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Yilong Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou, 325016, China
| | - Runqi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou, 325016, China
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jixing Lin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Lee J, Kim H, Lim HR, Kim YS, Hoang TTT, Choi J, Jeong GJ, Kim H, Herbert R, Soltis I, Kim KR, Lee SH, Kwon Y, Lee Y, Jang YC, Yeo WH. Large-scale smart bioreactor with fully integrated wireless multivariate sensors and electronics for long-term in situ monitoring of stem cell culture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6714. [PMID: 38354246 PMCID: PMC10866562 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving large-scale, cost-effective, and reproducible manufacturing of stem cells with the existing devices is challenging. Traditional single-use cell-bag bioreactors, limited by their rigid and single-point sensors, struggle with accuracy and scalability for high-quality cell manufacturing. Here, we introduce a smart bioreactor system that enables multi-spatial sensing for real-time, wireless culture monitoring. This scalable system includes a low-profile, label-free thin-film sensor array and electronics integrated with a flexible cell bag, allowing for simultaneous assessment of culture properties such as pH, dissolved oxygen, glucose, and temperature, to receive real-time feedback for up to 30 days. The experimental results show the accurate monitoring of time-dynamic and spatial variations of stem cells and myoblast cells with adjustable carriers from a plastic dish to a 2-liter cell bag. These advances open up the broad applicability of the smart sensing system for large-scale, lower-cost, reproducible, and high-quality engineered cell manufacturing for broad clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Lee
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- Major of Human Biocovergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Soung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thi Thai Thanh Hoang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jeongmoon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Altos Labs-San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hodam Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Ira Soltis
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Youngjin Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Young Charles Jang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Li Z, Zhang R, Xu F, Yang J, Zhou L, Mao H. A Cell State Monitoring System with Integrated In Situ Imaging and pH Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9340. [PMID: 38067713 PMCID: PMC10708649 DOI: 10.3390/s23239340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell models are one of the most widely used basic models in biological research, and a variety of in vitro cell culture techniques and models have been developed recently to simulate the physiological microenvironment in vivo. However, regardless of the technique or model, cell culture is the most fundamental but crucial component. As a result, we have developed a cell culture monitoring system to assess the functional status of cells within a biochip. This article focuses on a mini-microscope made from a readily available camera for in situ continuous observation of cell growth within a biochip and a pH sensor based on optoelectronic sensing for measuring pH. With the aid of this monitoring system, scientists can keep an eye on cell growth in real time and learn how the pH of the culture medium affects it. This study offers a new approach for tracking cells on biochips and serves as a valuable resource for enhancing cell culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (Z.L.); (F.X.); (L.Z.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fangliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (Z.L.); (F.X.); (L.Z.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (Z.L.); (F.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (Z.L.); (F.X.); (L.Z.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Identity matters: cancer stem cells and tumour plasticity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e8. [PMID: 36740973 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents frequent yet aggressive tumours that encompass complex ecosystems of stromal and neoplastic components including a dynamic population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recently, research in the field of CSCs has gained increased momentum owing in part to their role in tumourigenicity, metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse. We provide herein a comprehensive assessment of the latest progress in comprehending CSC plasticity, including newly discovered influencing factors and their possible application in HNSCC. We further discuss the dynamic interplay of CSCs within tumour microenvironment considering our evolving appreciation of the contribution of oral microbiota and the pressing need for relevant models depicting their features. In sum, CSCs and tumour plasticity represent an exciting and expanding battleground with great implications for cancer therapy that are only beginning to be appreciated in head and neck oncology.
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Zhao X, Ruan Q, Feng Y, Ruan Z, Wu Z, Shi D, Lu F. Blastocyst Stage Affects the Isolation and Culture of Buffalo Naive/Primed Embryonic Stem-Like Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36097786 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first identified, significant progress has been achieved. However, the establishment of buffalo ESCs (bESCs) is still unclear. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of the blastocyst stage on the isolation of bESCs. Firstly, our results indicated that the pluripotent genes were mainly expressed at the early stages of blastocyst, and the attachment and colony formation rates of bESCs derived from expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were significantly higher than early blastocyst and blastocyst. In the meantime, bESCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed genes like OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, CDH1, KLF4, and TBX3. Immunofluorescence also confirmed the expression of OCT4, SOX2. Embryoid bodies expressing three marker genes were generated from the differentiation experiment, and fibroblast, epithelial, and neuron-like cells were induced. Moreover, naive-related genes KLF4, TBX3, primed-related genes FGF5, ACTA2 were expressed in the cells, but not REX-1. Immunofluorescence and western blot confirmed the FGF5 expression. Furthermore, bESCs could maintain pluripotency with the signal of LIF and bFGF. In summary, our results indicated that expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst are more suitable for bESCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuyan Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Duong TT, Piret JM, Balcarcel RR. A semi‐empirical mathematical model to specify the
pH
of bicarbonate‐buffered cell culture medium formulations. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Duong
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals BD Cell Culture Development Berkeley California USA
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - James M. Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - R. Robert Balcarcel
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals BD Cell Culture Development Berkeley California USA
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7
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Comparison of 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells; a Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured using 3-dimensional (3D) versus conventional 2-dimensional (2D) methods. PDLSCs were cultured in either a 3D culture with a non-adhesive culture plate (Stemfit 3D®) or a conventional 2D culture using a 6-well plate. Morphology, viability, proliferation ability, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed to characterize the differences induced in identical PDLSCs by 3D and 2D culture environments. In addition, gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing to further characterize the functional differences. The diameter and the viability of the 3D-cultured PDLSCs decreased over time, but the shape of the spheroid was maintained for 20 days. Although osteogenic differentiation occurred in both the 2D- and 3D-cultured PDLSCs, compared to the control group it was 20.8 and 1.6 higher in the 3D- and 2D-cultured cells, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that PDLSCs cultured using 2D and 3D methods have different gene expression profiles. The viability of the 3D-cultured cells was decreased, but they showed superior osteogenic differentiation compared to 2D-cultured cells. Within the limitations of this study, the results demonstrate that the structure and function of PDLSCs are influenced by the cell culture method.
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Wu C, Selberg J, Nguyen B, Pansodtee P, Jia M, Dechiraju H, Teodorescu M, Rolandi M. A Microfluidic Ion Sensor Array. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906436. [PMID: 31965738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced concentration of ions is essential for biological processes to occur. For example, [H+ ] gradients power adenosine triphosphate synthesis, dynamic changes in [K+ ] and [Na+ ] create action potentials in neuronal communication, and [Cl- ] contributes to maintaining appropriate cell membrane voltage. Sensing ionic concentration is thus important for monitoring and regulating many biological processes. This work demonstrates an ion-selective microelectrode array that simultaneously and independently senses [K+ ], [Na+ ], and [Cl- ] in electrolyte solutions. To obtain ion specificity, the required ion-selective membranes are patterned using microfluidics. As a proof of concept, the change in ionic concentration is monitored during cell proliferation in a cell culture medium. This microelectrode array can easily be integrated in lab-on-a-chip approaches to physiology and biological research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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Rodimova SA, Meleshina AV, Kalabusheva EP, Dashinimaev EB, Reunov DG, Torgomyan HG, Vorotelyak EA, Zagaynova EV. Metabolic activity and intracellular pH in induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating in dermal and epidermal directions. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:044002. [PMID: 31412329 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab3b3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are a promising tool for personalized cell therapy, in particular, in the field of dermatology. Metabolic plasticity of iPSC are not completely understood due to the fact that iPSC have a mixed mitochondrial phenotype, which still resembles that of somatic cells. In this study we investigated the metabolic changes in iPSC undergoing differentiation in two directions, dermal and epidermal, using two-photon fluorescence microscopy combined with FLIM. Directed differentiation of iPSC into dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte progenitor cells was induced. Cellular metabolism was examined on the basis of the fluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. The optical redox ratio (FAD/NAD(P)H) and the fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD were traced using two-photon fluorescence microscopy combined with FLIM. Evaluation of the intracellular pH was carried out with the fluorescent pH sensor SypHer-2 and fluorescence microscopy. In this study, evaluation of the metabolic status of iPSC during dermal and epidermal differentiation was accomplished for the first time with the use of optical metabolic imaging. Based on the data on the FAD/NAD(P)H redox ratio and on the fluorescence lifetimes of protein-bound form of NAD(P)H and closed form of FAD, we registered a metabolic shift toward a more oxidative status in the process of iPSC differentiation into dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte progenitor cells. Biosynthetic processes occurring in dermal fibroblasts associated with the synthesis of fibronectin and versican, that stimulate increased energy metabolism and lower the intracellular pH. No intracellular pH shift is observed in the culture of keratinocyte progenitor cells, which reflects the incomplete process of differentiation in this type of cells. Presented results provide the basis for further understanding the metabolic features of iPSC during differentiation process, which is essential for developing new treatment strategies in cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Rodimova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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Wang YC, Zhao JJ, Chi DF. β-Ecdysterone accumulation and regulation in Ajuga multiflora Bunge suspension culture. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:87. [PMID: 29430349 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ajuga multiflora Bunge cells contain β-ecdysterone (β-EC) that regulates the molting process of insect larvae. In this study, different conditions of culture have been studied to optimize the production of β-EC. A. multiflora Bunge growth fitted the curve of logistic equation with one growth cycle of 17 days. The electric conductivity of medium had a negative correlation with not only the weight of dry cell but also the β-EC accumulation, and thus, could be used for monitoring the peak of both cell growth and β-EC accumulation. The pH value of the culture medium varied from 4.67 to 5.84 and reached the maximum at the end of the culture (on the 17th day). The relation of cell growth and nutrient consumption in A. multiflora Bunge cell suspension culture was distinctly correlated. Continuous subculture caused a reduction in β-EC synthesis; passages 7-15, the β-EC content declined (p < 0.05). At passage 11, the β-EC content was only 42.72% of that at passage 5. Additives such as mevalonic acid (MVA), l-phenylalanine (l-Phe), α-pinene, terpineol, and nitric oxide (NO) in the suspension culture medium, could significantly promote the cell growth and stimulate β-EC accumulation. The optimal concentrations of l-Phe, MVA, terpineol, and α-pinene were 0.2 mmol/l, 10 mg/l, 1 mmol/l and 6 mmol/l, respectively, with the β-EC concentrations as 1.914 ± 0.1948 mg/g (p < 0.01), 6.012 ± 0.4252 mg/g (p < 0.01), 5.147 ± 0.4819 mg/g (p < 0.01), 2.801 ± 0.1253 mg/g (p < 0.01), respectively. The optimal concentration of sodium nitroprusside, the provider of NO, was 3 mmol/l with the β-EC concentration 2.87 ± 0.2493 mg/g (p < 0.01). The results offer a strategy for massive production of β-EC.
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11
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LED-CT Scan for pH Distribution on a Cross-Section of Cell Culture Medium. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010191. [PMID: 29324699 PMCID: PMC5795824 DOI: 10.3390/s18010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In cell culture, the pH of the culture medium is one of the most important conditions. However, the culture medium may have non-uniform pH distribution due to activities of cells and changes in the environment. Although it is possible to measure the pH distribution with an existing pH meter using distributed electrodes, the method involves direct contact with the medium and would greatly increase the risk of contamination. Here in this paper, we propose a computed tomography (CT) scan for measuring pH distribution using the color change of phenol red with a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. Using the principle of CT scan, we can measure pH distribution without contacting culture medium, and thus, decrease the risk of contamination. We have developed the device with a LED, an array of photo receivers and a rotation mechanism. The system is firstly calibrated with different shapes of wooden objects that do not pass light, we succeeded in obtaining their 3D topographies. The system was also used for measuring a culture medium with two different pH values, it was possible to obtain a pH distribution that clearly shows the boundary.
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12
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Kropp C, Massai D, Zweigerdt R. Progress and challenges in large-scale expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Chimenti I, Massai D, Morbiducci U, Beltrami AP, Pesce M, Messina E. Stem Cell Spheroids and Ex Vivo Niche Modeling: Rationalization and Scaling-Up. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:150-166. [PMID: 28289983 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved protocols/devices for in vitro culture of 3D cell spheroids may provide essential cues for proper growth and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells (S/PCs) in their niche, allowing preservation of specific features, such as multi-lineage potential and paracrine activity. Several platforms have been employed to replicate these conditions and to generate S/PC spheroids for therapeutic applications. However, they incompletely reproduce the niche environment, with partial loss of its highly regulated network, with additional hurdles in the field of cardiac biology, due to debated resident S/PCs therapeutic potential and clinical translation. In this contribution, the essential niche conditions (metabolic, geometric, mechanical) that allow S/PCs maintenance/commitment will be discussed. In particular, we will focus on both existing bioreactor-based platforms for the culture of S/PC as spheroids, and on possible criteria for the scaling-up of niche-like spheroids, which could be envisaged as promising tools for personalized cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino", IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry, "Umberto I" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Lavon N, Zimerman M, Itskovitz-Eldor J. Scalable Expansion of Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 163:23-37. [PMID: 29085956 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale expansion of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) in a robust, well-defined, and monitored process is essential for production of cell-based therapeutic products. The transition from laboratory-scale protocols to industrial-scale production is one of the first milestones to be achieved in order to use both human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as the starting material for cellular products. The methods to be developed require adjustment of the culture platforms, optimization of culture parameters, and adaptation of downstream procedures. Optimization of expansion protocols and their scalability has become much easier with the design of bioreactor systems that enable continuous monitoring of culture parameters, continuous media change, and support software for automated control. This chapter highlights the common properties that are required for production of scalable, reproducible, homogeneous, and clinically suitable cell therapy products. We describe the available platforms for large-scale expansion of PSCs and parameters that should be considered when optimizing the expansion protocols in a scalable bioreactor. All the above are detailed in the light of the requirements and challenges of bringing a cell-based therapeutic product to the clinic and ultimately to the market. We discuss some considerations that should be taken into account, such as cost-effectiveness, good manufacturing practice, and regulatory guidelines. Graphical Abstract.
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15
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Kim N, Minami N, Yamada M, Imai H. Immobilized pH in culture reveals an optimal condition for somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Med Biol 2016; 16:58-66. [PMID: 29259452 PMCID: PMC5715877 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim One of the parameters that greatly affects homeostasis in the body is the pH. Regarding reproductive biology, germ cells, such as oocytes or sperm, are exposed to severe changes in pH, resulting in dramatic changes in their characteristics. To date, the effect of the pH has not been investigated regarding the reprogramming of somatic cells and the maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Methods In order to investigate the effects of the pH on cell culture, the methods to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mesendoderm and neuroectoderm were performed at each medium pH from 6.6 to 7.8. Using the cells of the Oct4‐GFP (green fluorescent protein) carrying mouse, the effects of pH changes were examined on the timing and colony formation at cell reprogramming and on the cell morphology and direction of the differentiation of the ESCs. Results The colony formation rate and timing of the reprogramming of the somatic cells varied depending on the pH of the culture medium. In addition, mesendodermal differentiation of the mouse ESCs was enhanced at the high pH level of 7.8. Conclusion These results suggest that the pH in the culture medium is one of the key factors in the induction of the reprogramming of somatic cells and in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Kim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayasu Yamada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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16
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Kropp C, Kempf H, Halloin C, Robles-Diaz D, Franke A, Scheper T, Kinast K, Knorpp T, Joos TO, Haverich A, Martin U, Zweigerdt R, Olmer R. Impact of Feeding Strategies on the Scalable Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Single-Use Stirred Tank Bioreactors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1289-1301. [PMID: 27369897 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: The routine application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their derivatives in biomedicine and drug discovery will require the constant supply of high-quality cells by defined processes. Culturing hPSCs as cell-only aggregates in (three-dimensional [3D]) suspension has the potential to overcome numerous limitations of conventional surface-adherent (two-dimensional [2D]) cultivation. Utilizing single-use instrumented stirred-tank bioreactors, we showed that perfusion resulted in a more homogeneous culture environment and enabled superior cell densities of 2.85 × 106 cells per milliliter and 47% higher cell yields compared with conventional repeated batch cultures. Flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and global gene expression analysis revealed a high similarity across 3D suspension and 2D precultures, underscoring that matrix-free hPSC culture efficiently supports maintenance of pluripotency. Interestingly, physiological data and gene expression assessment indicated distinct changes of the cells' energy metabolism, suggesting a culture-induced switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of hPSC differentiation. Our data highlight the plasticity of hPSCs' energy metabolism and provide clear physiological and molecular targets for process monitoring and further development. This study paves the way toward more efficient GMP-compliant cell production and underscores the enormous process development potential of hPSCs in suspension culture. SIGNIFICANCE Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a unique source for the, in principle, unlimited production of functional human cell types in vitro, which are of high value for therapeutic and industrial applications. This study applied single-use, clinically compliant bioreactor technology to develop advanced, matrix-free, and more efficient culture conditions for the mass production of hPSCs in scalable suspension culture. Using extensive analytical tools to compare established conditions with this novel culture strategy, unexpected physiological features of hPSCs were discovered. These data allow a more rational process development, providing significant progress in the field of translational stem cell research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kropp
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Robles-Diaz
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Knorpp
- Natural and Medical Science Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas O Joos
- Natural and Medical Science Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Fernandes JS, Martins M, Neves NM, Fernandes MHV, Reis RL, Pires RA. Intrinsic Antibacterial Borosilicate Glasses for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João S. Fernandes
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Margarida Martins
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Maria H. V. Fernandes
- Materials
and Ceramic Engineering Department, CICECO − Aveiro Institute
of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Portugal
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18
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Zhang L, Su F, Kong X, Lee F, Day K, Gao W, Vecera ME, Sohr JM, Buizer S, Tian Y, Meldrum DR. Ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensitive polymers for high-throughput monitoring of extracellular pH. RSC Adv 2016; 6:46134-46142. [PMID: 27721974 PMCID: PMC5049506 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular pH has a strong effect on cell metabolism and growth. Precisely detecting extracellular pH with high throughput is critical for cell metabolism research and fermentation applications. In this research, a series of ratiometric fluorescent pH sensitive polymers are developed and the ps-pH-neutral is characterized as the best one for exculsive detection of extracellular pH. Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) is used as the host polymer to increase the water solubility of the pH sensitive polymer without introducing cell toxicity. The fluorescent emission spectra from the polymeric sensor under excitation at the isosbestic point 455 nm possess two fluorescence peaks at 475 nm and 505 nm, which have different responding trends to pH. This enables the polymer to detect pH using fluorescent maxima at 475 nm and 505 nm (I475nm /I505nm ) ratiometrically. The cell impermeability ensures the sensor can solely detect the environmental pH. The sensor is tested to detect the extracellular pH of bacteria or eukaryotic cells in high throughput assays using a microplate reader. Results showed that the pH sensor can be used for high throughput detection of extracellular pH with high repeatability and low photobleaching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Fengyu Su
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Xiangxing Kong
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Fred Lee
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Kevin Day
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Weimin Gao
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Mary E. Vecera
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Jeremy M. Sohr
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Sean Buizer
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 (China)
| | - Deirdre R Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAlister Ave., P.O. Box 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
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19
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Fliefel R, Popov C, Tröltzsch M, Kühnisch J, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and mineralization but not osteogenic differentiation are strongly affected by extracellular pH. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:715-24. [PMID: 27085985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteomyelitis is a serious complication in oral and maxillofacial surgery affecting bone healing. Bone remodeling is not only controlled by cellular components but also by ionic and molecular composition of the extracellular fluids in which calcium phosphate salts are precipitated in a pH dependent manner. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of pH on self-renewal, osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS We selected three different pH values; acidic (6.3, 6.7), physiological (7.0-8.0) and severe alkaline (8.5). MSCs were cultured at different pH ranges, cell viability measured by WST-1, apoptosis detected by JC-1, senescence was analyzed by β-galactosidase whereas mineralization was detected by Alizarin Red and osteogenic differentiation analyzed by Real-time PCR. RESULTS Self-renewal was affected by pH as well as matrix mineralization in which pH other than physiologic inhibited the deposition of extracellular matrix but did not affect MSCs differentiation as osteoblast markers were upregulated. The expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity was upregulated whereas osteopontin was downregulated under acidic pH. CONCLUSION pH affected MSCs self-renewal and mineralization without influencing osteogenic differentiation. Thus, future therapies, based on shifting acid-base balance toward the alkaline direction might be beneficial for prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Fliefel
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alexandria-University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Cvetan Popov
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Tröltzsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kühnisch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrenfeld
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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20
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AbdulQader ST, Rahman IA, Thirumulu KP, Ismail H, Mahmood Z. Effect of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold porosities on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1300-11. [PMID: 26740503 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215625759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) of different porosities have been widely and successfully used as scaffolds with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, the effects of scaffold porosities on cell viability and differentiation of human dental pulp cells for dentin tissue regeneration are not well known. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds of 20/80 hydroxyapatite to beta tricalcium phosphate ratio with a mean pore size of 300 μm were prepared into BCP1, BCP2, BCP3, and BCP4 of 25%, 50%, 65%, and 75% of total porosities, respectively. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. The high alkalinity, and more calcium and phosphate ions release that were exhibited by BCP3 and BCP4 decreased the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp cells as compared to BCP1 and BCP2. BCP2 significantly increased both cell viability and cell proliferation. However, the cells cultured with BCP3 extract revealed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and high expression of odontoblast related genes, collagen type I alpha 1, dentin matrix protein-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein as compared to that cultured with BCP1, BCP2, and BCP4 extracts. The results highlight the effect of different scaffold porosities on the cell microenvironment and demonstrate that BCP3 scaffold of 65% porosity can support human dental pulp cells differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T AbdulQader
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ismail A Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan P Thirumulu
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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