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Zhou P, Li D, Zhang C, Ping Q, Wang L, Li Y. Comparison of different sewage sludge pretreatment technologies for improving sludge solubilization and anaerobic digestion efficiency: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171175. [PMID: 38402967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge reduces organic solids and produces methane, but the complex nature of sludge, especially the difficulty in solubilization, limits AD efficiency. Pretreatments, by destroying sludge structure and promoting disintegration and hydrolysis, are valuable strategies to enhance AD performance. There is a plethora of reviews on sludge pretreatments, however, quantitative comparisons from multiple perspectives across different pretreatments remain scarce. This review categorized various pretreatments into three groups: Physical (ultrasonic, microwave, thermal hydrolysis, electric decomposition, and high pressure homogenization), chemical (acid, alkali, Fenton, calcium peroxide, and ozone), and biological (microaeration, exogenous bacteria, and exogenous hydrolase) pretreatments. The optimal conditions of various pretreatments and their impacts on enhancing AD efficiency were summarized; the effects of different pretreatments on microbial community in the AD system were comprehensively compared. The quantitative comparison based on dissolution degree of COD (DDCOD) indicted that the sludge solubilization performance is in the order of physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, although with each below 40 % DDCOD. Biological pretreatment, particularly microaeration and exogenous bacteria, excel in AD enhancement. Pretreatments alter microbial ecology, favoring Firmicutes and Methanosaeta (acetotrophic methanogens) over Proteobacteria and Methanobacterium (hydrogenotrophic methanogens). Most pretreatments have unfavorable energy and economic outcomes, with electric decomposition and microaeration being exceptions. On the basis of the overview of the above pretreatments, a full energy and economy assessment for sewage sludge treatment was suggested. Finally, challenges associated with sludge pretreatments and AD were analyzed, and future research directions were proposed. This review may broaden comprehension of sludge pretreatments and AD, and provide an objective basis for the selection of sludge pretreatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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2
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Xi S, Dong X, Lin Q, Li X, Ma J, Zan F, Biswal BK, Awasthi MK, Wang Z, Chen G, Guo G. Enhancing anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge by investigating multiple electrochemical pretreatment conditions: Performance, modeling and microbial dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128364. [PMID: 36423770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) is an efficient technology to improve volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production during anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study investigated the co-effects of different current intensities, electrolyte NaCl dosage and pretreatment time for promoting VFAs production. The results showed that it was considerably enhanced by 51.6 % when EPT was performed at 1.0 A, 1.0 g/L and 60 min, and response surface methodology strategy adjusted the optimal EPT conditions to 1.0 A, 1.2 g/L and 66 min. The potential mechanisms were proposed that EPT at optimal conditions greatly enhanced solubilization and hydrolysis of WAS and selectively inactivated methanogens, causing the enrichment of acidogenic bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillus, Saccharimonadales, Tetrasphaera and Prevotella) due to generated reactive chlorine species. Finally, the economic analysis indicated the promising application potential with the profit of EPT at optimal conditions increasing by 36.0 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinlei Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingshan Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China; Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zeng Q, Huang H, Tan Y, Chen G, Hao T. Emerging electrochemistry-based process for sludge treatment and resources recovery: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117939. [PMID: 34929476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical process is gaining widespread interest as an emerging alternative for sludge treatment. Its potentials for sludge stabilization and resources recovery have been well proven to date. Despite the high effectiveness of the electrochemical process having been highlighted in several studies, concerns about the electrochemical sludge treatment, including energy consumption, scale-up feasibility, and electrode stability, have not yet been addressed. The present paper critically reviews the versatile uses of the electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery, from the fundamentals to the practical applications. Particularly considered are the enhancement of the digestion of the anaerobic sludge and dewaterability, removal of pathogens and heavy metals, and control of sludge malodor. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of the sludge-based resource recovery (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and volatile fatty acids) are discussed. Insights into the working mechanisms (e.g., electroporation, electrokinetics and electrooxidation) of electrochemical processes are reviewed, and perspectives and future research directions are proposed. This work is expected to provide an in-depth understanding and broaden the potential applications of electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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4
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Huang H, Zeng Q, Heynderickx PM, Chen GH, Wu D. Electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) of waste activated sludge: Extracellular polymeric substances matrix destruction, sludge solubilisation and overall digestibility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:125000. [PMID: 33773266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) is widely used for stabilisation, mass reduction and resource recovery. However, AD performance is often hampered by the poor digestibility and slow degradation rate for WAS. A series of bench-scale tests was conducted using innovative electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) method to enhance the destruction of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix and anaerobic digestibility. The results showed that the EPS matrix destruction was enhanced by 15-30% after EPT for 0.5 h at voltages of 8-15 V. The highest improvement in hydrolysis rate and overall digestibility was achieved at EPT of 15 V for 1.5 h, which was determined as 59% (from 0.27 to 0.43 d-1) and 28% (from 105 to 134 mL CH4/g VSSadded) respectively, compared with the WAS treatment without EPT. The economic analysis showed 1 h, 12 V EPT was more economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST Fork Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER), Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST Fork Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST Fork Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Refinery wastewater treatment via a multistage enhanced biochemical process. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10282. [PMID: 33986369 PMCID: PMC8119716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum refinery wastewater (PRWW) that contains recalcitrant components as the major portion of constituents is difficult to treat by conventional biological processes. An effective and economical biological treatment process was established to treat industrial PRWW with an influent COD of over 2500 mg L−1 in this research. This process is mainly composed of internal circulation biological aerated filter (ICBAF), hydrolysis acidfication (HA), two anaerobic–aerobic (A/O) units, a membrane biological reactor (MBR), and ozone-activated carbon (O3-AC) units. The results showed that, overall, this system removed over 94% of the COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and phosphorus in the influent, with the ICBAF unit accounting for 54.6% of COD removal and 83.6% of BOD5 removal, and the two A/O units accounting for 33.3% of COD removal and 9.4% of BOD5 removal. The degradation processes of eight organic pollutants and their removal via treatment were also analyzed. Furthermore, 26 bacteria were identified in this system, with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria being the most dominant. Ultimately, the treatment process exhibited good performance in degrading complex organic pollutants in the PRWW.
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6
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Comparison between Thermo-Alkaline and Electro-Fenton Disintegration Effect on Waste Activated Sludge Anaerobic Digestion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2496905. [PMID: 31886184 PMCID: PMC6925696 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2496905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) using thermo-alkaline (TA) and electro-Fenton (EF) methods was investigated and compared in terms of the efficiency of sludge solubilisation and enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability. Performance of organic matter solubilisation (soluble COD, proteins, polysaccharides) of sludge pretreated with EF was proved to be better than that with TA pretreatment, which resulted in the enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability. Comparison of results indicated that percentages of PN and PS release obtained after EF pretreatment (68.95 and 65.22%) were higher than those obtained by TA method (45.25 and 35.22%) respectively. An improvement of biogas potential about 2 and 1.6 times was achieved respectively by EF and TA pretreatment in comparison to raw sludge. During semi-continuous fermentation study in continuous stirred tank reactor, EF pretreated sludge gave the best biogas yield (0.6 L biogas/g COD) at an OLR of 2.5 g COD/L. d in comparison to TA pretreated sludge (0.3 L biogas/g COD), where low biogas yield about 0.1 L biogas/g COD was registered by raw sludge in the same CSTR. Therefore, the integration of EF process to anaerobic digestion might be a promising process for sludge reduction and biogas recovery.
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7
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Zeng Q, Zan F, Hao T, Biswal BK, Lin S, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen G. Electrochemical pretreatment for stabilization of waste activated sludge: Simultaneously enhancing dewaterability, inactivating pathogens and mitigating hydrogen sulfide. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115035. [PMID: 31494488 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of waste activated sludge (WAS) is an essential step for the disposal or reuse. In this study, WAS stabilization via electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) at 0-15V was evaluated for simultaneous dewaterability enhancement, pathogen removal and H2S mitigation. The mechanism underlying EPT was investigated and discussed based on the changes in the physicochemical (e.g., particle size, zeta potential, hydrophobicity and extracellular polymeric substances) and biological characteristics (i.e. cell morphology, and distribution and percentages of live/dead cells) of WAS with different EPT voltages. The results revealed that EPT disintegrated WAS flocs and disrupted the cell walls leading to a reduction in particle size (by up to 50%), increased release of extracellular and intracellular substances (by up to 4 times) to facilitate WAS stabilization. With EPT at 15V, the capillary suction time of WAS decreased by 42%, and the concentrations of E. coli and indicator pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus faecalis) fell by nearly 5 log10 reaching U.S. EPA hygienization levels. Furthermore, EPT at 12V or higher suppressed the amounts of dissolved sulfide and H2S(g) produced from the WAS under anaerobic conditions by over 99%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of EPT for simultaneous WAS dewaterability enhancement, pathogen inactivation and H2S mitigation, providing a one-step alternative for sludge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Panigrahi S, Dubey BK. Electrochemical pretreatment of yard waste to improve biogas production: Understanding the mechanism of delignification, and energy balance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121958. [PMID: 31408777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, electrochemical pretreatment with a pair of graphite electrode was conducted to pretreat yard waste prior to anaerobic digestion. The Response Surface Methodology was employed to optimize the pretreatment conditions. To determine the mechanism of delignification physical and chemical properties of untreated and pretreated yard waste were investigated. In the subsequent anaerobic digestion of pretreated yard waste, the ultimate biogas production of 446 mL/g VS was achieved in comparison to the untreated yard waste of 287 mL/g VS on 35th day of anaerobic digestion. A net energy gain of 4.75 kJ/g VS (Output energy of 5.73 kJ/g VS - Input energy of 0.98 kJ/g VS) and net profit of 518 rupees (US$ 7.4) per 1 ton of yard waste indicates the applicability of electrochemical pretreatment for pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Panigrahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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9
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Kolesnikov VA, Il’in VI, Kolesnikov AV. Electroflotation in Wastewater Treatment from Oil Products, Dyes, Surfactants, Ligands, and Biological Pollutants: A Review. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579519010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Cano A, Durán U, Barrios JA. Solubilization of organic matter by electrochemical treatment of sludge: Influence of operating conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:317-322. [PMID: 30738302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sludge generated after wastewater treatment represents an important challenge due to the large amounts produced and the need to adequately treat it. Anaerobic digestion is the preferred treatment process to obtain renewable energy as well as a biosolid with the potential to be reused in land application. This process generates biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) that may be used for energy co-generation. However, anaerobic digestion is limited by the hydrolysis step since bacteria need to break down organic matter and large molecules to allow conversion into biogas. In this study, electrochemical treatment of sludge is proposed to solubilize organic matter. Boron-doped diamond electrodes were used to treat waste activated sludge under different experimental conditions (current density, flow rate, time) to evaluate their influence on the solubilization of organic matter (in terms of chemical oxygen demand). The degree of solubilization ranged between 0.31 and 1.78%. Based on the results, optimal operating conditions were current density of 19.3 mA cm-2, flow rate of 4 L min-1, and treatment time of 30 min. Furthermore, treatment flow rate was found to play a key role in solubilization, as the process is controlled by mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - A Cano
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - U Durán
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Ushani U, Rajesh Banu J, Kavitha S, Kaliappan S, Yeom IT. Immobilized and MgSO 4 induced cost effective bacterial disintegration of waste activated sludge for effective anaerobic digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:66-75. [PMID: 28211336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to disintegrate waste activated sludge (WAS) in a cost-effective way. During the first phase of this study, effective break down of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was performed by deflocculating WAS with 0.1 g/g SS of MgSO4. Deflocculation rate was 92% with discharge rate of extractable EPS at 185 mg/L. In the second phase, effective bacterial cell disintegration was obtained at 36 h post treatment. Maximum solubilization of deflocculated sludge was approximately 21%, which was higher than that of flocculated sludge (14.2%) or the control (4.5%). Biodegradability studies were assessed through kinetic analysis by non-linear regression modeling. Results revealed that the deflocculated sludge had higher methane generation (at about 235.8 mL/gVs) compared to flocculated sludge (at 146.1 mL/gVs) or the control (at 34.8 mL/gVs). Cost assessment of the present work revealed that the net yield for each ton of the deflocculated sludge was about 32.99 USD.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ushani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kaliappan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Graduate School of Water Resource, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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12
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Ushani U, Kavitha S, Johnson M, Yeom IT, Banu JR. Upgrading the hydrolytic potential of immobilized bacterial pretreatment to boost biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:813-826. [PMID: 27757748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surfactant dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DOSS)-mediated immobilized bacterial pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) was experimentally proved to be an efficient and economically feasible process for enhancing the biodegradability of WAS. The maximal floc disruption with negligible cell cleavage was achieved at surfactant dosage of 0.009 g/g SS. Results of the outcome of bacterial pretreatment of sludge biomass revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization for deflocculated (EPS removed-bacterially pretreated) sludge was 20 %, which was higher than that of flocculated (14 %) or control (5 %). The pretreatment was swift in deflocculated sludge with a rate constant of about 0.064 h-1. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay resulted in significant methane yield at 0.24 gCOD/gCOD for deflocculated sludge. Economic assessment of the proposed method showed a net profit of about 57.39 USD/ton of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ushani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India
| | - M Johnson
- St. Xavier College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India.
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13
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Ye C, Yuan H, Dai X, Lou Z, Zhu N. Electrochemical pretreatment of waste activated sludge: effect of process conditions on sludge disintegration degree and methane production. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2935-2944. [PMID: 27058022 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) requires a long digestion time because of a rate-limiting hydrolysis step - the first phase of anaerobic digestion (AD). Pretreatment can be used prior to AD to facilitate the hydrolysis step and improve the efficiency of WAS digestion. This study evaluated a novel application of electrochemical (EC) technology employed as the pretreatment method prior to AD of WAS, focusing on the effect of process conditions on sludge disintegration and subsequent AD process. A superior process condition of EC pretreatment was obtained by reaction time of 30 min, electrolysis voltage of 20 V, and electrode distance of 5 cm, under which the disintegration degree of WAS ranged between 9.02% and 9.72%. In the subsequent batch AD tests, 206 mL/g volatile solid (VS) methane production in EC pretreated sludge was obtained, which was 20.47% higher than that of unpretreated sludge. The AD time was 19 days shorter for EC pretreated sludge compared to the unpretreated sludge. Additionally, the EC + AD reactor achieved 41.84% of VS removal at the end of AD. The analysis of energy consumption showed that EC pretreatment could be effective in enhancing sludge AD with reduced energy consumption when compared to other pretreatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Ye
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- b National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Godvin Sharmila V, Kavitha S, Rajashankar K, Yeom IT, Rajesh Banu J. Effects of titanium dioxide mediated dairy waste activated sludge deflocculation on the efficiency of bacterial disintegration and cost of sludge management. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:64-71. [PMID: 26318923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This investigation explores the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in deflocculating (removal of extracellular polymeric substance - EPS) the sludge and subsequent biomass disintegration by bacterial pretreatment. The EPS removed at an optimized TiO2 dosage of 0.03g/g of SS of TiO2 and a solar radiation exposure time of 15min to enhance the subsequent bacterial disintegration. The outcomes of the bacterial pretreatment reveal SS reduction and COD solubilization for the deflocculated (EPS removed and bacterially pretreated) sludge was observed to be 22.8% and 22.9% which was comparatively greater than flocculated (raw sludge inoculated with bacteria) and control (raw) sludge. The higher methane production potential of about 0.43(gCOD/gVSS) was obtained in deflocculated sludge than the flocculated (0.20gCOD/gVSS) and control (0.073gCOD/gVSS). Economic assessment of this study provides a net profit of about 131.9USD/Ton in deflocculated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - K Rajashankar
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
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