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Pasciucco E, Pasciucco F, Iannelli R, Pecorini I. A Fenton-based approach at neutral and un-conditioned pH for recalcitrant COD removal in tannery wastewater: Experimental test and sludge characterization. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172070. [PMID: 38554952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The combination of raw animal skin manufacturing processes involves the use of large amounts of chemicals, resulting in the generation of complex and highly polluted tannery wastewater. In this context, the high concentration of chloride in tannery wastewater represents a crucial bottleneck. Indeed, sodium chloride, commonly used in tannery industry to prevent skin rot, increases the concentration of chlorides up to 50 %. At the same time, most of the advanced oxidation processes usually employed in tannery wastewater treatment to remove recalcitrant COD involve the use of conditioning agents, thus increasing the overall concentration of chlorides in the treated effluent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical peroxidation process (ECP) efficiency in the treatment of tannery wastewater without changing pH, to improve Fenton technology by avoiding the use of chemicals. The influence of different electric currents on COD and color removal was investigated. The characterization of the produced sludge was conducted through FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis, exploring the morphology and composition of precipitate, depending on the applied current. Although an electrical current of 750 mA yields the highest COD and color removal efficiency (69.7 % and 97.8 %, respectively), 500 mA can be considered the best compromise because of energy consumptions. Iron oxides and hydroxides were generated during the ECP process, playing the role of coagulants through the absorption of organic and inorganic contaminants. The consumption of energy increased as a function of time and applied current; however, cost analysis showed that the electrodes contributed the most to the total cost of the process. In authors' knowledge, the application of ECP process as a tertiary treatment for the removal of recalcitrant COD in tannery wastewater represents a novelty in the literature and the results obtained can be considered as the basis for scaling up the process in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
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2
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Jalili P, Ala A, Nazari P, Jalili B, Ganji DD. A comprehensive review of microbial fuel cells considering materials, methods, structures, and microorganisms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25439. [PMID: 38371992 PMCID: PMC10873675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising for generating renewable energy from organic matter and efficient wastewater treatment. Ensuring their practical viability requires meticulous optimization and precise design. Among the critical components of MFCs, the membrane separator plays a pivotal role in segregating the anode and cathode chambers. Recent investigations have shed light on the potential benefits of membrane-less MFCs in enhancing power generation. However, it is crucial to recognize that such configurations can adversely impact the electrocatalytic activity of anode microorganisms due to increased substrate and oxygen penetration, leading to decreased coulombic efficiency. Therefore, when selecting a membrane for MFCs, it is essential to consider key factors such as internal resistance, substrate loss, biofouling, and oxygen diffusion. Addressing these considerations carefully allows researchers to advance the performance and efficiency of MFCs, facilitating their practical application in sustainable energy production and wastewater treatment. Accelerated substrate penetration could also lead to cathode clogging and bacterial inactivation, reducing the MFC's efficiency. Overall, the design and optimization of MFCs, including the selection and use of membranes, are vital for their practical application in renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment. Further research is necessary to overcome the challenges of MFCs without a membrane and to develop improved membrane materials for MFCs. This review article aims to compile comprehensive information about all constituents of the microbial fuel cell, providing practical insights for researchers examining various variables in microbial fuel cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Jalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Ala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Jalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Domiri Ganji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran
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3
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Hu P, Li H, Tan Y, Adeleye AS, Hao T. Enhanced electrochemical treatment of humic acids and metal ions in leachate concentrate: Experimental and molecular mechanism investigations. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132774. [PMID: 37839382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are effective for treating leachate, but they generate leachate concentrates (LCs), which contain elevated humic acids (HAs) and metals. LCs are very challenging and expensive to treat; but in-situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) treatment is promising. We previously hypothesized and proved that substituting the widely used graphite cathode with an Al cathode will generate Al(OH)3 floccules that would enhance HAs removal in CO-EO systems. However, the fundamental mechanisms are unclear. Here, we examined this hypothesis using laboratory experiments (using an Al cathode and a Ti/Ti4O7 anode CO-EO system) and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Up to 84.2% HAs was removed by the Al-cathode system, which is ∼10% higher than a graphite cathode-based system. Based on MD simulation we found that enhanced HAs removal occurred via two steps: (1) degradation by oxidants produced at the anode, and (2) subsequent coagulation with the Al(OH)3 generated from the Al cathode. This finding challenges the current belief that whole HAs and Al(OH)3 directly flocculate. Meanwhile, metal removal efficiency by the graphite cathode system was only 0.8-13.9%, which increased up to 13-folds at most when in the Al cathode system. This work provides new molecular-level insights into an efficient electrochemical treatment of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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4
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Robinson Junior NA, Wu SX, Zhu J, Zhan Y. Optimization of a dual-chamber electrolytic reactor with a magnesium anode and characterization of struvite produced from synthetic wastewater. Environ Technol 2023; 44:3911-3925. [PMID: 35545934 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2077131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diminishing phosphorus resources worldwide requires developing new technologies to recover phosphorus (P) from wastewaters. A lab-scale electrolytic reactor with a magnesium anode was investigated to remove NH4+ and PO43- from synthetic wastewater by producing struvite. The effects of mixing speed, pH, and applied current on struvite yield, NH4+, and PO43- removal efficiencies were first evaluated using a factorial design. Then, the two most significant parameters were further optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The struvite was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. A 5.7-fold increase in struvite yield was achieved by increasing the applied current from 0.1 to 0.5 A. The three regression equations generated by the CCD/RSM design with applied current and mixing speed as the two independent parameters were highly correlated with the response variables (struvite yield, NH4+ and PO43- removal efficiencies). The desirability analysis showed the best operating condition: current, 0.5 A and mixing speed, 414 rpm, for the reactor system, under which the optimal struvite yield and NH4+ and PO43- removal efficiencies were 4.75 g/L, 93.0%, and 58.4%, respectively. The SEM, XRD, and FT-IR analyses confirmed the high purity and quality of the struvite produced by the electrolytic reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Xiao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Yuanhang Zhan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
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5
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Li H, Zeng Q, Zan F, Lin S, Hao T. In situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation of leachate concentrate: A key role of cathodes. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2023; 16:100267. [PMID: 37065009 PMCID: PMC10091031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently remove organic and inorganic pollutants from leachate concentrate, an in situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) system was proposed using Ti/Ti4O7 anode and Al cathode, coupling the "super-Faradaic" dissolution of Al. The system was evaluated in terms of the removal efficiencies of organics, nutrients, and metals, and the underlying cathodic mechanisms were investigated compared with the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite cathode systems. After a 3-h treatment, the Al-cathode system removed 89.0% of COD and 36.3% of total nitrogen (TN). The TN removal was primarily ascribed to the oxidation of both ammonia and organic-N to N2. In comparison, the Al-cathode system achieved 3-10-fold total phosphorus (TP) (62.6%) and metal removals (>80%) than Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite systems. The increased removals of TP and metals were ascribed to the in situ coagulation of Al(OH)3, hydroxide precipitation, and electrodeposition. With the reduced scaling on the Al cathode surface, the formation of Al3+ and electrified Al(OH)3 lessened the requirement for cathode cleaning and increased the bulk conductivity, resulting in increased instantaneous current production (38.9%) and operating cost efficiencies (48.3 kWh kgCOD -1). The present study indicated that the in situ CO-EO process could be potentially used for treating persistent wastewater containing high levels of organic and inorganic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Cabreros C, Corpuz MVA, Castrogiovanni F, Borea L, Sandionigi A, Vigliotta G, Ballesteros F, Puig S, Hasan SW, Korshin GV, Belgiorno V, Buonerba A, Naddeo V. Unraveling microbial community by next-generation sequencing in living membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 886:163965. [PMID: 37156389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the microbial community complexity and its role in self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) systems, designed to remove nutrients and pollutants from wastewater, by means of the analysis of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data. In these systems, microorganisms are naturally incorporated into the SFDM layer, which acts as a biological and physical filter. The microorganisms present in an innovative and highly efficient aerobic, electrochemically enhanced, encapsulated living membrane® bioreactor (e-LMBR) were studied to elucidate the nature of the dominant microbial communities present in sludge and encapsulated living membrane® layer (LM) of the experimental setup. The results were compared to those obtained from the microbial communities found in similar experimental reactors without an applied electric field. The data gathered from the NGS microbiome profiling showed that the microbial consortia found in the experimental systems are comprised of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. However, the distribution of the microbial communities found in e-LMB and LMB had significant differences. The results showed that the presence of an intermittently applied electric field in e-LMB promotes the growth of some types of microorganisms (mainly electroactive microorganisms) responsible for the highly efficient treatment of the wastewater and for the mitigation of the membrane fouling found for those bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cabreros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Mary Vermi Aizza Corpuz
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Fabiano Castrogiovanni
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Sebastià Puig
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, USA
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II-132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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AlJaberi FY, Ahmed SA, Makki HF, Naje AS, Zwain HM, Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Viktor S, Van B, Le PC, La DD, Chang SW, Um MJ, Ngo HH, Nguyen DD. Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161361. [PMID: 36610626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined >140 relevant publications from the last few years (2018-2021). In this study, classification was reviewed depending on the operation's progress. Electrocoagulation (EC), electrooxidation (EO), electroflotation (EF), electrodialysis (ED), and electro-Fenton (EFN) processes have received considerable attention. The type of action (individual or hybrid) for each electrochemical procedure was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed to compare them as a new manner of reviewing cited papers providing a massive amount of information efficiently to the readers. Individual or hybrid operation progress of the electrochemical techniques is critical issues. Their design, operation, and maintenance costs vary depending on the in-situ conditions, as evidenced by surveyed articles and statistical analyses. This work also examines the variables affecting the elimination efficacy, such as the applied current, reaction time, pH, type of electrolyte, initial pollutant concentration, and energy consumption. In addition, owing to its efficacy in removing toxins, the hybrid activity showed a good percentage among the studies reviewed. The promise of each wastewater treatment technology depends on the type of contamination. In some cases, EO requires additives to oxidise the pollutants. EF and EFN eliminated lightweight organic pollutants. ED has been used to treat saline water. Compared to other methods, EC has been extensively employed to remove a wide variety of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
| | - Shaymaa A Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan F Makki
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Samir Naje
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Haider M Zwain
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Sebestyen Viktor
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - B Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Um
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. A non-steroidal drug "diclofenac" is a substrate for electrochemical degradation process using graphite anode. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:461. [PMID: 36905447 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the electrochemical degradation process, the elimination of organic pollutants could be enhanced using supporting electrolyte and applied voltage. After degradation of the target organic compound, some by-products are formed. Chlorinated by-products are the main products formed in the presence of sodium chloride. In the present study, an electrochemical oxidation process has been applied to diclofenac (DCF) using graphite as an anode and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a supporting electrolyte. Monitoring the removal of the by-products and elucidating them were provided using HPLC and LC-TOF/MS, respectively. A high removal% of 94% DCF was observed under the conditions: 0.5 g NaCl, 5 V, and 80 min of electrolysis, while the removal% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 88% under the same conditions, but 360 min of electrolysis was required. The pseudo-first-order rate constant values were quite varied based on the selected experimental conditions; the rate constants were between 0.0062 and 0.054 min-1, between 0.0024 and 0.0326 min-1 under the influence of applied voltage and sodium chloride, respectively. The maximum values of energy consumption were 0.93 and 0.55 Wh/mg using 0.1 g NaCl and 7 V, respectively. Some chlorinated by-products, C13H18Cl2NO5, C11H10Cl3NO4, and C13H13Cl5NO5, were selected and elucidated using LC-TOF/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq.
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. Electrochemical degradation of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine as the main metabolite of carbamazepine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:50457-50470. [PMID: 36795212 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
10,11-Dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine has been degraded in deionized water and wastewater samples using an electrochemical process. The anode used in the treatment process was graphite-PVC. Different factors such as initial concentration, NaCl amount, type of matrix, applied voltage, role of H2O2, and pH solution were investigated in the treatment of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine. From the outcome of the results, it was noticed that the chemical oxidation of the compound followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The rate constants were ranged between 22 × 10-4 and 483 × 10-4 min-1. After electrochemical degradation of the compound, several by-products were raised, and they were analyzed using an accurate instrument, liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). In the present study, the treatment of the compound was followed by high energy consumption under 10 V and 0.5 g NaCl, reaching up to 0.65 Wh mg-1 after 50 min. The inhibition of E. coli bacteria after incubation of the treated 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine sample was investigated in terms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq. .,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Behling L, da Luz VC, Pasquali GDL, Bazoti SF, Dalla Rosa C, Pereira P. Ibuprofen removal from synthetic effluents using Electrocoagulation-Peroxidation (ECP). Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:271. [PMID: 36607457 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerning water resources, several ordinances and legislation determine standards and conditions for the discharge of effluents into water bodies. However, several contaminants are not covered by these guidelines due to little knowledge of their long-term effects and because they are found in low concentrations. These contaminants are called emergent and this category includes drugs, such as anti-inflammatory drugs. The electrocoagulation process associated with advanced oxidation comes up as an alternative to conventional effluent treatment processes, and the objective of this study was to evaluate this process using scrap iron as sacrificial electrodes in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing ibuprofen. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the drug in synthetic effluents. The Central Rotational Composite Design 24 was used in an experimental design, considering independent variables the concentration of contaminants, applied current, the concentration of the primary oxidizing agent H2O2, and the reaction time. The optimized conditions determined by statistical analysis were drug concentration of 5 mg L-1, H2O2 concentration of 200 mg L-1, current of 5 A, and 150 min. The removals obtained under these conditions were higher than 92% in the aqueous phase, showing that electrocoagulation peroxidation technique has the potential to treat contaminants such as drugs present in effluents and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Behling
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Vilson Conrado da Luz
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135 -Km 72, No 200, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Fátima Bazoti
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dalla Rosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135 -Km 72, No 200, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
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Shirkoohi MG, Tyagi RD, Vanrolleghem PA, Drogui P. Artificial intelligence techniques in electrochemical processes for water and wastewater treatment: a review. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2022; 20:1089-1109. [PMID: 36406623 PMCID: PMC9672199 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been recognized as powerful techniques. In this work, AI techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVM), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), genetic algorithms (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), used in water and wastewater treatment processes, are reviewed. This paper describes applications of the mentioned AI techniques for the modelling and optimization of electrochemical processes for water and wastewater treatment processes. Most research in the mentioned scope of study consists of electrooxidation, electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton, and electrodialysis. Also, ANNs have been the most frequent technique used for modelling and optimization of these processes. It was shown that most of the AI models have been built with a relatively low number of samples (< 150) in data sets. This points out the importance of reliability and robustness of the AI models derived from these techniques. We show how to improve the performance and reduce the uncertainty of these developed black-box data-driven models. From the perspectives of both experiment and theory, this review demonstrates how AI techniques can be effectively adapted to electrochemical processes for water and wastewater treatment to model and optimize these processes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00835-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami Shirkoohi
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, (QC) G1K 9A9 Canada
- CentrEau, Centre de Recherche Sur L’eau, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
| | | | - Peter A. Vanrolleghem
- CentrEau, Centre de Recherche Sur L’eau, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
- modelEAU, Département de Génie Civil Et de Génie Des Eaux, Université Laval, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec, (QC) G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, (QC) G1K 9A9 Canada
- CentrEau, Centre de Recherche Sur L’eau, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
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12
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Flores-Terreros RR, Serna-Galvis EA, Navarro-Laboulais J, Torres-Palma RA, Nieto-Juárez JI. An alternative approach to the kinetic modeling of pharmaceuticals degradation in high saline water by electrogenerated active chlorine species. J Environ Manage 2022; 315:115119. [PMID: 35500483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A semiempirical approach considering the rate of reactive chlorine species-RCS- production (ΦE) as a function of current and Cl- concentration for the modeling of acetaminophen (ACE) degradation is presented. A filter-press reactor having a Ti/RuO2-ZrO2 (Sb2O3 doped) anode, NaCl (0.04-0.1 mol L-1) as supporting electrolyte, and operated in continuous mode, was considered. A current of 100 mA and a flow of 11 mL min-1 favored the electrogeneration of RCS and ACE degradation. Hydraulic retention time and ΦE were the most relevant parameters for the RCS production. These two parameters, plus the pollutant concentration, were very determinant for the ACE degradation. The model successfully reproduced the ACE removal in distilled water at different concentrations (10, 20, 40, and 60 mg L-1). The electrochemical system achieved removals between 80 and 100% of ACE in distilled water. The ACE treatment in actual seawater (a chloride-rich matrix, 0.539 mol L-1 of Cl-) was assessed, and the degradation was simulated using the developed model. The competing role toward electrogenerated RCS by intrinsic organic matter (3.2 mg L-1) in the seawater was a critical point, and the simulated values fitted well with the experimental data. Finally, the action of the electrochemical system on ciprofloxacin (CIP) in real seawater and its antimicrobial activity was tested. CIP removal (100% at 120 s) was faster than that observed for ACE (100% of degradation after 180 s) due to CIP has amine groups that are more reactive toward RCS than phenol moiety on ACE. Moreover, the system removed 100% of the antimicrobial activity associated with CIP, indicating a positive environmental effect of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Flores-Terreros
- Research Group in Environmental Quality and Bioprocesses (GICAB), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Textile, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería UNI, Av. Túpac Amaru No 210, Rímac, Lima, Peru
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Javier Navarro-Laboulais
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jessica I Nieto-Juárez
- Research Group in Environmental Quality and Bioprocesses (GICAB), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Textile, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería UNI, Av. Túpac Amaru No 210, Rímac, Lima, Peru.
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13
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Zeng Q, Huang H, Tan Y, Chen G, Hao T. Emerging electrochemistry-based process for sludge treatment and resources recovery: A review. Water Res 2022; 209:117939. [PMID: 34929476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical process is gaining widespread interest as an emerging alternative for sludge treatment. Its potentials for sludge stabilization and resources recovery have been well proven to date. Despite the high effectiveness of the electrochemical process having been highlighted in several studies, concerns about the electrochemical sludge treatment, including energy consumption, scale-up feasibility, and electrode stability, have not yet been addressed. The present paper critically reviews the versatile uses of the electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery, from the fundamentals to the practical applications. Particularly considered are the enhancement of the digestion of the anaerobic sludge and dewaterability, removal of pathogens and heavy metals, and control of sludge malodor. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of the sludge-based resource recovery (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and volatile fatty acids) are discussed. Insights into the working mechanisms (e.g., electroporation, electrokinetics and electrooxidation) of electrochemical processes are reviewed, and perspectives and future research directions are proposed. This work is expected to provide an in-depth understanding and broaden the potential applications of electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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14
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Zeng Q, Zan F, Hao T, Khanal SK, Chen G. Sewage sludge digestion beyond biogas: Electrochemical pretreatment for biochemicals. Water Res 2022; 208:117839. [PMID: 34801819 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low economic gains from biogas drive research on shifting to volatile fatty acid (VFA) production during anaerobic sludge digestion. pH control and methanogenesis inhibition are widely used strategies for VFA production via anaerobic digestion of sludge. However, these strategies require perpetual dosing of chemicals, increasing cost and operation complexity. Here, we applied electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) (12 V/30 min) for VFA production during anaerobic sludge digestion. The underlying mechanisms of the VFA production induced by EPT were explored systematically through analyses of the changes in the EPT operation parameters, the sludge characteristics, and the microbial community structure and functional enzymes involving in the subsequent sludge digestion. EPT with carbon-based electrodes selectively inhibited methanogenesis by down-regulating heterodisulfide reductase without affecting enzymatic acidogenesis and hydrolysis, resulting in accumulation of VFAs (up to 389±12 mg acetic acid equivalent/L). Propionate and acetate were, respectively enriched to 89 and 75% of the total VFAs after carbon- and graphite- EPT. Titanium-EPT produced lower levels of VFA; instead, biogas yield increased by ∼20%. We anticipate that EPT will advance VFA recovery from diverse organic wastes to meet the global challenge of resource supply and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Sronsri C, Sittipol W, Panitantum N, U-Yen K. Optimization of elemental recovery from electronic wastes using a mild oxidizer. Waste Manag 2021; 135:420-427. [PMID: 34619623 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, metals were recovered from electronic wastes under optimized conditions. The columnar extraction was used to increase the contact between the leachate solution and solid-state wastes. Industrial metals were recovered by an electrochemical process using a regenerated mild oxidizer under optimized operating parameters to enrich the metal concentrations and reduce waste generation. The maximum recovery rate (1.135 mg·min-1) was recorded under the optimized conditions (160 A·m-2 current density, 7 mL·min-1 leachate flow rate, and 0.8 mol·L-1 ferric concentration). The selective columnar extraction process was employed to extract gold, wherein the highest extraction efficiency (69.39%) was obtained under optimized conditions of 0.7 mol·L-1 thiourea, 0.6 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid, 0.8 mol·L-1 ferric chloride, 120 min circulation time, and 6 mL·min-1 leachate flow rate. The adsorption process was used for the recovery of gold, which was investigated under the kinetic as well as equilibrium adsorption processes. The adsorption curves conformed to the Langmuir model and followed the first-order kinetics. The adsorption rate decreased with the increasing values of pH, temperature, adsorbent size, while the rate increased with the stirring speed and adsorbent quantity. Finally, acidic extraction under anaerobic and optimal conditions was performed to extract and selectively recover rare-earth elements. The rare-earth elements were initially precipitated in their sulfate forms and subsequently transformed into corresponding hydroxides and oxides. The total recovery efficiencies for cerium and neodymium were found to be 91.7% and 86.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchai Sronsri
- Future Innovation & Research in Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanpasuk Sittipol
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Napong Panitantum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kongpop U-Yen
- Future Innovation & Research in Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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16
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Sato Y, Zeng Q, Meng L, Chen G. Importance of Combined Electrochemical Process Sequence and Electrode Arrangements: A Lab-scale Trial of Real Reverse Osmosis Landfill Leachate Concentrate. Water Res 2021; 192:116849. [PMID: 33517046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a widely applied technique for wastewater effluent reuse and landfill leachate treatment. The latter generates a refractory RO leachate concentrate (ROLC), for which cost-effective treatment is required. This study focuses on a two-step electrochemical method consisting of aluminum-based electrocoagulation (EC), and simultaneous electrooxidation-electrocoagulation with a titanium-based lead dioxide (Ti/ß-PbO2) anode and aluminum cathode (EOEC) assembly. The sequence and electrode arrangements of the combined electrochemical process were investigated to determine the organic transformation, Ti/ß-PbO2 anode viability, and energy consumption. Series-based EC-EOEC decreased the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 8750 mg L-1 to 380 mg L-1, a 96% removal efficiency, in 3.5 hours at 141 A m-2. Under a low energy consumption of 28.7 kWh kgCOD-1, the ROLC biodegradability (BOD5/COD) significantly increased from 0.015 to 0.530, which was ascribed to aromatic removal (e.g., -C=C) and an increase in -COOH functional groups. Furthermore, the rapid removal of natural organic matter and increase in pH elevation from EC suppressed the dissolution of Pb from the Ti/ß-PbO2 anode during the subsequent EOEC, thereby leaving 0.061 mg L-1 in the ROLC after treatment. The treatment cost was 3.86 USD kgCOD-1, which was approximately 34% lower than that of previously reported electrochemical processes for ROLC treatment. These findings obtained with a real RO concentrate provide a foundation for scaling up this new electrochemical treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liao Meng
- Xiaping Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Plant, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Li Z, Dai R, Yang B, Chen M, Wang X, Wang Z. An electrochemical membrane biofilm reactor for removing sulfonamides from wastewater and suppressing antibiotic resistance development: Performance and mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2021; 404:124198. [PMID: 33068987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), are frequently detected in water and wastewater with their toxic and persistent nature arousing much concern. In this work, a novel electrochemical membrane biofilm reactor (EMBfR) was constructed for the removal of SDZ whilst suppressing the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results showed that the EMBfR achieved 94.9% removal of SDZ, significantly higher than that of a control membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) without electric field applied (44.3%) or an electrolytic reactor without biofilm (77.3%). Moreover, the relative abundance of ARGs in the EMBfR was only 32.0% of that in MBfR, suggesting that the production of ARGs was significantly suppressed in the EMBfR. The underlying mechanisms relate to (i) the change of the microbial community structure in the presence of the electric field, leading to the enrichment of potential aromatic-degrading microorganisms (e.g., Rhodococcus accounting for 51.0% of the total in the EMBfR compared to 10.0% in the MBfR) and (ii) the unique degradation pathway of SDZ in the EMBfR attributed to the synergistic effect between the electrochemical and biological processes. Our study highlights the benefits of EMBfR in removing pharmaceuticals from contaminated waters and suppressing the development (and transfer) of ARGs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Baichuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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18
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Alagesan J, Jaisankar M, Muthuramalingam S, Mousset E, Chellam PV. Influence of number of azo bonds and mass transport limitations towards the elimination capacity of continuous electrochemical process for the removal of textile industrial dyes. Chemosphere 2021; 262:128381. [PMID: 33182108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focusses on the electrochemical decomposition of synthetic azo dyes (RO16, RR120 and DR80) using stainless steel electrodes, which is efficient, cost effective and industrially driven process. The experiments were carried out in a continuous electrochemical reactor and the effects of influencing parameters (initial concentration of dye, electrolyte concentration, pH) governing the process efficiency was studied. The interaction between the influencing parameters was investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the regression value obtained for the generated model was above 0.9 for all the three dyes. The elimination capacity of electrochemical reactor was studied for the continuous removal of azo dyes with different ranges of concentration (100-400 mg L-1) and flow rate (0.1-0.5 L h-1). The maximum elimination capacity was obtained at a flow rate of 0.5 L h-1 for 300 mg L-1 of initial concentration of dye for RO16 and RR120 whereas it was 0.5 L h-1 for 400 mg L-1 of DR80. Further, a general dimensionless current density relation has been established for stirred tank reactor and allowed characterizing the relationship between kinetics and mass transport contributing to the overall reaction rate. The results quantitatively confirmed that the rate of electrochemical decolorization increased with the increasing initial dye concentration and flow rate due to the mass transport limitation. As newly established, the decolorization is also directly linked to the number of azo bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanavee Alagesan
- Centre for Research, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - MecghaSri Jaisankar
- Centre for Research, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sindhu Muthuramalingam
- Centre for Research, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Emmanuel Mousset
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR CNRS 7274, Université de Lorraine, 1 Rue Grandville BP 20451, 54001, Nancy Cedex, France.
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19
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Nippatla N, Philip L. Electrochemical process employing scrap metal waste as electrodes for dye removal. J Environ Manage 2020; 273:111039. [PMID: 32741763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, efficiency of electro-coagulation-flotation (EC-F) process using waste metal scrap of Al and Fe collected from construction and demolition waste of Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M) campus for the removal of double azo bond dye Acid Red 66 (AR66) was studied. The key operating parameters such as current density and electrical conductivity were optimized individually with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, at pH 7. Different electrode combinations and connection modes (parallel MP-P, series (MP-S, BP-S)) were tested, at pre-optimized conditions, in order to achieve better removal of AR66 dye with minimum energy consumption. Series connection in bipolar electrode mode (BP-S) showed better COD reduction from 164 mg/L to 26.2 mg/L with complete decolourization (BDL). Hybrid electrode system of Fe-Al-Fe-Al-Fe-Al showed maximum reduction of COD from 164 mg/L to 11.3 mg/L along with 86.3% TSS reduction and complete decolourization. LC-MS analysis showed the formation of intermediates with m/z 195, m/z 210.6 and m/z 159.3 due to the destruction of AR66 dye during electrolysis. Highest current efficiency (CE φ = 107%) was observed in case of hybrid electrode system compared to Al (φ = 30.1%) and Fe (φ = 98.3%) electrode system at similar operating conditions. Compared to the same electrode material as anode and cathode, use of appropriate hybrid electrode combination can improve the removal efficiency and reduce the energy consumption (ENC). The influence of aeration on the performance of the system was also studied. Aeration significantly improved the COD removal efficiency (98.3%) along with complete decolourization (100%). The use of waste metal scrap as electrodes reduced the overall cost of the treatment process from 1.6 $/m3 to 0.06 $/m3. Using waste metal scrap as electrodes not only reduces the metal accumulation in the environment but also reduces the cost of EC-F process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasamma Nippatla
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Ligy Philip
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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20
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Fraiese A, Cesaro A, Belgiorno V, Sanromán MA, Pazos M, Naddeo V. Ultrasonic processes for the advanced remediation of contaminated sediments. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 67:105171. [PMID: 32446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play a fundamental role in the aquatic environment, so that the presence of contaminants poses severe concern for the possible negative effects on both environmental and human health. Sediment remediation is thus necessary to reduce pollutant concentrations and several techniques have been studied so far. A novel approach for sediment remediation is the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes, which include ultrasound (US). This paper focuses on the study of the ultrasonic effects for the simultaneous reduction of both organic and inorganic contaminants from sediments. To this end, the US technology was investigated as a stand-alone treatment as well as in combination with an electro-kinetic (EK) process, known to be effective in the removal of heavy metals from soil and sediments. The US remediation resulted in higher organic compound degradation, with an average 88% removal, but promising desorption yields (47-84%) were achieved for heavy metals as well. The combined EK/US process was found to be particularly effective for lead. Experimental outcomes highlighted the potential of the ultrasonic technology for the remediation of contaminated sediments and addressed some considerations for the possible scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraiese
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - V Belgiorno
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - M A Sanromán
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Pazos
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - V Naddeo
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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21
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Ding J, Bu L, Cui B, Zhao G, Gao Q, Wei L, Zhao Q, Dionysiou DD. Assessment of solar-assisted electrooxidation of bisphenol AF and bisphenol A on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2020; 3:100036. [PMID: 36159606 PMCID: PMC9488041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol (BP) analogues in wastewater effluent and groundwater pose a potential threat to human health due to their ability to disrupt steroidogenesis. A new solar-assisted electrochemical process (SECP) was developed and evaluated for the degradation of BP analogues. The effects of quenchers, current density, initial pH, supporting electrolyte, and aqueous matrix on the removal kinetics of bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol A (BPA) were investigated. The kinetic constants of BPAF, BPA, and bisphenol S (BPS) in the SECP with irradiation intensity of 500 mW cm-2 were 0.017 ± 0.002 min-1, 0.022 ± 0.002 min-1, and 0.012 ± 0.001 min-1, respectively. The changes in the degradation rates of BPAF, BPA, and BPS in the presence of quenchers indicated the relative contribution of hydroxyl radical (●OH) oxidation, anodic electrolysis, and singlet (1O2) oxygenation in the degradation of BPs in the SECP. The enhanced rate of generation of ●OH and 1O2 was observed in the SECP compared with those in the conventional electrochemical system. The identification of the transformation products (TPs) of BPAF demonstrated that hydroxylation, ring cleavage, β-scission, and defluorination were the major processes during the oxidation in the SECP. The conversion to fluoride ions (76%) and mineralization of total organic carbon (72%) in the SECP indicated further degradation of TPs. The results from this study improved our understanding of the degradation of BP analogues in the electrooxidation irradiated by solar light and help to establish the application potential of the SECP for the effective degradation of emerging contaminants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bingxin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guanshu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dionysios D. Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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22
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Magro C, Mateus EP, Paz-Garcia JM, Ribeiro AB. Emerging organic contaminants in wastewater: Understanding electrochemical reactors for triclosan and its by-products degradation. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125758. [PMID: 31931309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation technologies applied to emerging organic contaminants from human activities are one of the major water challenges in the contamination legacy. Triclosan is an emerging contaminant, commonly used as antibacterial agent in personal care products. Triclosan is stable, lipophilic and it is proved to have ecotoxicologic effects in organics. This induces great concern since its elimination in wastewater treatment plants is not efficient and its by-products (e.g. methyl-triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) are even more hazardous to several environmental compartments. This work provides understanding of two different electrochemical reactors for the degradation of triclosan and its derivative by-products in effluent. A batch reactor and a flow reactor (mimicking a secondary settling tank in a wastewater treatment plant) were tested with two different working anodes: Ti/MMO and Nb/BDD. The degradation efficiency and kinetics were evaluated to find the best combination of current density, electrodes and set-up design. For both reactors the best electrode combination was achieved with Ti/MMO as anode. The batch reactor at 7 mA/cm2 during 4 h attained degradation rates below the detection limit for triclosan and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and, 94% and 43% for 2,4-dichlorophenol and methyl triclosan, respectively. The flow reactor obtained, in approximately 1 h, degradation efficiencies between 41% and 87% for the four contaminants. This study suggests an alternative technology for emerging organic contaminants degradation, since the combination of a low current density with the flow and matrix induced disturbance increases and speeds up the compounds' elimination in a real environmental matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Magro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Juan M Paz-Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Teatinos Campus, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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23
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McBeath ST, Nouri-Khorasani A, Mohseni M, Wilkinson DP. In-situ determination of current density distribution and fluid modeling of an electrocoagulation process and its effects on natural organic matter removal for drinking water treatment. Water Res 2020; 171:115404. [PMID: 31877475 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a burgeoning technology now being considered for niche water treatment applications. Although much research has been conducted to determine the efficacy of electrocoagulation to remove various contaminants, the more fundamental electrochemical aspects of the technology are often overlooked. This research provides insight into the fundamental relationship of water flow, electrochemical metal dissolution and current density distribution through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, mathematical models and in-situ current density distribution identification experiments. Theoretically, it was determined that current distributed along the electrode was inversely proportional to the water flowrate. The turbulent flow through the EC reactor was simulated with varying inter-electrode gaps and flowrates, while the average velocity segments across the electrode surface was calculated, corresponding to the same segments used to experimentally determine the current distribution. Through the CFD models and current distribution determining technique, it was observed that current density was distributed unevenly and followed the trend predicted by theory. Areas of lower current density were generally accompanied by higher velocity flow. More uniform current was yielded with larger inter-electrode gaps, due to the greater flow uniformity. While operating with a 1 mm gap, the current and water velocity varied across the electrode by Δ27.6 mA/cm2 and Δ0.220 m/s, and was minimized to Δ3.6 mA/cm2 and Δ0.062 m/s at a 10 mm gap. Although current uniformity was increased, the overall current density decreased significantly due to the greater ohmic resistance associated with the larger gap. The removal of natural organic matter was reduced as much as 79% when the inter-electrode gap was reduced from 10 to 1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T McBeath
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amin Nouri-Khorasani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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24
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Guedes P, Lopes V, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB. Electrokinetic remediation of contaminants of emergent concern in clay soil: Effect of operating parameters. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:625-635. [PMID: 31330354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of electrokinetic (EK) remediation to remove from soils one particular group of contaminants - contaminants of emergent concern (CECs), remains largely overlooked. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the EK process for the remediation of an agricultural clay soil containing CECs. The soil was spiked with four CECs - sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, triclosan and caffeine - and their status (i.e. residual amounts and spatial distribution) evaluated at the seventh day of EK treatment at a defined current intensity, directionality and duration of void period. The characterization of the soil physicochemical properties was also undertaken. The results showed similar degradation trends in all applied EK strategies, which were suchlike to that of the natural attenuation (biotic control): sulfamethoxazole > ibuprofen ≥ triclosan ≥ caffeine. The removal of the CECs was higher under a 10 mA constant current application than in the natural attenuation (up to 2.8 times higher; from 13 to 85%). Caffeine was the exception with its best removal efficiency being achieved when the ON/OFF switch mode with a void period duration of 12 h was used (36%). The use of electro-polarization reversal mode did not favour the remediation. The soil pH variations resulting from EK application were determinant for triclosan remediation, which increased with soil pH increase. The only EK condition that promoted the removal of all CECs was the ON/OFF switch mode of 12 h (removals between 36 and 72%), in which only minor physicochemical disturbances of the soil were observed. This is in accordance with a potential application of EK in-situ. The last is reinforced by the low estimated electrical cost of the best EK technology - 2.33 €/m3 for the 7 days. Overall the EK remediation processes are a promising technology to stimulate in situ the removal of CECs from agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guedes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Vanda Lopes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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25
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Alcocer S, Picos A, Uribe AR, Pérez T, Peralta-Hernández JM. Comparative study for degradation of industrial dyes by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes with BDD anode in a laboratory stirred tank reactor. Chemosphere 2018; 205:682-689. [PMID: 29729622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparative degradation of the industrial dyes Blue BR, Violet SBL and Brown MF 50 mg L-1 has been studied by the electrochemical oxidation (EOx), electro-Fenton (EF), photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process based on BDD electrode. Each dye was tested in 0.05 mM Na2SO4 with 0.5 mM Fe2+ at pH 3.0, and electrolyzed in a stirred tank reactor under galvanostatic conditions with 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 11.0 and 18.0 mA cm-2. Dyes were oxidized via hydroxyl radicals (OH) formed at the BDD anode from water oxidation coupled with Fenton's reaction cathodically produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Under Na2SO4 medium close to 100% the decolorization was achieved. Through the color abatement rate the dyes behavior was analyzed at the beginning of the oxidation process. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) was tested to evaluate the degradation. From DOC removal, it was established an increasing relative oxidation power of the EOx < EF < PEF, according with their decolorization trend. This study highlights the potential of the electrochemical/BDD process for the degradation of industrial dyes found in wastewaters under appropriate experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Alcocer
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Alain Picos
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Agustín R Uribe
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico
| | - Tzayam Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico.
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, 36050, Mexico.
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26
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Ramírez-Pereda B, Álvarez-Gallegos A, Rangel-Peraza JG, Bustos-Terrones YA. Kinetics of Acid Orange 7 oxidation by using carbon fiber and reticulated vitreous carbon in an electro-Fenton process. J Environ Manage 2018; 213:279-287. [PMID: 29502013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a micro-scale parallel plate reactor was built to electrochemically generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to develop the Fenton reaction in situ, for the treatment of toxic organic pollutants. Two types of carbon materials were compared and used as cathodes: unidirectional carbon fiber (CF) and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). As anode, a stainless steel mesh was used. The results of H2O2 were experimentally compared by means of electrogeneration process. RVC cathode with dimensions of 2.5 × 1 × 5 cm (170 mA and variable voltage V = 2.0-2.7) and 180 min produced 5.3 mM H2O2, with an H2O2 production efficiency of 54%. Unidirectional carbon fiber cathode produced 7.5 mM of H2O2 (96% of H2O2 production efficiency) when a voltage of 1.8 V was applied during 180 min to a total area of 480 cm2 of this material. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) was degraded to a concentration of 0.16 mM during the first 40 min of the process, which represented 95% of the initial concentration. Electrolysis process removed nearly 100% of the AO7 using both cathodes at the end of these experiments (180 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Ramírez-Pereda
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Gallegos
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gabriel Rangel-Peraza
- CONACYT-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batíz 310, Col. Guadalupe, 80220, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Yaneth A Bustos-Terrones
- CONACYT-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batíz 310, Col. Guadalupe, 80220, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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27
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Shi J, Zhang B, Liang S, Li J, Wang Z. Simultaneous decolorization and desalination of dye wastewater through electrochemical process. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8455-8464. [PMID: 29307069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt-containing dye wastewater discharged from textile industries causes serious environmental problems. Simultaneous decolorization and desalination of dye wastewater in a laboratory scale electrochemical cell are realized for the first time with boron-doped diamond anode. With initial methyl orange (MO) and NaCl of 50 and 3000 mg L-1, decolorization and desalination efficiencies of 70.2 and 88.7% were achieved after 6-h treatment with applied voltage of 6 V. Increasing applied voltages resulted in the improvements of both color and salt removal, while higher MO concentrations suppressed decolorization and higher NaCl concentration accelerated desalination rate. MO dissociated into anions transferred through the anion exchange membrane into the anode compartment and reacted with the active species as ·OH, H2O2, and ClO- generated in anode compartment, leading to color removal. Component analysis confirmed the destruction of MO, with generation of low molecular weight compounds such as phenol and indole. Ions balance analysis indicated that Cl- and Na+ moved to the anode and the cathode compartments respectively through the employed membranes driven by external voltage, realizing salt removal. This study has collectively demonstrated an efficient alternative for satisfactory treatment of salt-containing dye wastewater based on electrochemical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Liang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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28
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Kim K, Shin H, Moon M, Ryu BG, Han JI, Yang JW, Chang YK. Evaluation of various harvesting methods for high-density microalgae, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:828-835. [PMID: 26457831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five technologies, coagulation, electro-flotation (EF), electro-coagulation-flotation (ECF), centrifugation, and membrane filtration, were systematically assessed for their adequacy of harvesting Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101, a heterotrophic microalgal species that has much higher biomass concentration than photoautotrophic species. Coagulation, EF, and ECF were found to have limited efficiency. Centrifugation was overly powerful to susceptible cells like Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101, inducing cell rupture and consequently biomass loss of over 13%. Membrane filtration, in particular equipped with an anti-fouling turbulence generator, turned out to be best suited: nearly 100% of harvesting efficiency and low water content in harvested biomass were achieved. With rotation rate increased, high permeate fluxes could be attained even with extremely concentrated biomass: e.g., 219.0 and 135.0 L/m(2)/h at 150.0 and 203.0 g/L, respectively. Dynamic filtration appears to be indeed a suitable means especially to obtain highly concentrated biomass that have no need of dewatering and can be directly processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyochan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gon Ryu
- Decontamination and Decommissioning Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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