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Delbridge J, Barrett T, Ducci A, Micheletti M. Power, mixing and flow dynamics of the novel Allegro™ stirred tank reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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2
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Charalambidou AD, Micheletti M, Ducci A. Study of Trailing Vortices and Impeller Jet Instabilities of a Flat Blade Impeller in
Small‐Scale
Reactors. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Charalambidou
- University College London, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT
| | - M. Micheletti
- University College London, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT
| | - A. Ducci
- University College London, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE
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Zhang W, Zhao F, Li Y, Lou X, Dai C, Lv W, Qu X, Zheng S, Chen B, Galaev IY, Yun J. Suspension and transformation performance of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based anion exchange cryogel beads with immobilized Lactobacillus paracasei cells as biocatalysts towards biosynthesis of phenyllactic acid in stirred tank bioreactors. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Dai Y, Cui X, Zhang G, Mohsin A, Xu H, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Development of a novel feeding regime for large scale production of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:351-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Rahimzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. New Insights into the Gas Dispersion and Mass Transfer in Shear-Thinning Fluids Inside an Aerated Coaxial Mixer via Analysis of Flow Hydrodynamics and Shear Environment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahimzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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Numerical Methods for the Design and Description of In Vitro Expansion Processes of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 177:185-228. [PMID: 33090237 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a valuable source of cells for clinical applications (e.g., treatment of acute myocardial infarction or inflammatory diseases), especially in the field of regenerative medicine. However, for autologous (patient-specific) and allogeneic (off-the-shelf) hMSC-based therapies, in vitro expansion is necessary prior to the clinical application in order to achieve the required cell numbers. Safe, reproducible, and economic in vitro expansion of hMSCs for autologous and allogeneic therapies can be problematic because the cell material is restricted and the cells are sensitive to environmental changes. It is beneficial to collect detailed information on the hydrodynamic conditions and cell growth behavior in a bioreactor system, in order to develop a so called "Digital Twin" of the cultivation system and expansion process. Numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which has become widely used in the biotech industry for studying local characteristics within bioreactors or kinetic growth modelling, provide possible solutions for such tasks.In this review, we will present the current state-of-the-art for the in vitro expansion of hMSCs. Different numerical tools, including numerical fluid flow simulations and cell growth modelling approaches for hMSCs, will be presented. In addition, a case study demonstrating the applicability of CFD and kinetic growth modelling for the development of an microcarrier-based hMSC process will be shown.
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Wyrobnik TA, Ducci A, Micheletti M. Advances in human mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies - Towards an integrated biological and engineering approach. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101888. [PMID: 32688331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances of stem cell-based therapies in clinical trials have raised the need for large-scale manufacturing platforms that can supply clinically relevant doses to meet an increasing demand. Promising results have been reported using stirred-tank bioreactors, where human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) were cultured in suspension on microcarriers (MCs), although the formation of microcarrier-cell-aggregates might still limit mass transfer and determine a heterogeneous distribution of hMSCs. A variety of MCs, bioreactor-impeller configurations, and agitation conditions have been established in an attempt to overcome the trade-off of ensuring good suspension while keeping the stresses to a minimum. While understanding and controlling the fluid flow environment of bioreactors has been initially under-appreciated, it has recently gained in popularity in the mission of providing ideal culture environments across different scales. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how rigorous engineering characterisation studies improved the outcome of biological process development and scale-up efforts. Reconciling these two disciplines is crucial to propose tailored bioprocessing solutions that can provide improved growth environments across a range of scales for the allogeneic cell therapies of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Wyrobnik
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Ducci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UCL, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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8
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Tsai AC, Jeske R, Chen X, Yuan X, Li Y. Influence of Microenvironment on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Potency: From Planar Culture to Microcarriers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:640. [PMID: 32671039 PMCID: PMC7327111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising candidate in cell therapy as they exhibit multilineage differentiation, homing to the site of injury, and secretion of trophic factors that facilitate tissue healing and/or modulate immune response. As a result, hMSC-derived products have attracted growing interests in preclinical and clinical studies. The development of hMSC culture platforms for large-scale biomanufacturing is necessary to meet the requirements for late-phase clinical trials and future commercialization. Microcarriers in stirred-tank bioreactors have been widely utilized in large-scale expansion of hMSCs for translational applications because of a high surface-to-volume ratio compared to conventional 2D planar culture. However, recent studies have demonstrated that microcarrier-expanded hMSCs differ from dish- or flask-expanded cells in size, morphology, proliferation, viability, surface markers, gene expression, differentiation potential, and secretome profile which may lead to altered therapeutic potency. Therefore, understanding the bioprocessing parameters that influence hMSC therapeutic efficacy is essential for the optimization of microcarrier-based bioreactor system to maximize hMSC quantity without sacrificing quality. In this review, biomanufacturing parameters encountered in planar culture and microcarrier-based bioreactor culture of hMSCs are compared and discussed with specific focus on cell-adhesion surface (e.g., discontinuous surface, underlying curvature, microcarrier stiffness, porosity, surface roughness, coating, and charge) and the dynamic microenvironment in bioreactor culture (e.g., oxygen and nutrients, shear stress, particle collision, and aggregation). The influence of dynamic culture in bioreactors on hMSC properties is also reviewed in order to establish connection between bioprocessing and stem cell function. This review addresses fundamental principles and concepts for future design of biomanufacturing systems for hMSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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9
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Ghasemian M, Layton C, Nampe D, zur Nieden NI, Tsutsui H, Princevac M. Hydrodynamic characterization within a spinner flask and a rotary wall vessel for stem cell culture. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Li C, Teng X, Peng H, Yi X, Zhuang Y, Zhang S, Xia J. Novel scale-up strategy based on three-dimensional shear space for animal cell culture. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Loubière C, Delafosse A, Guedon E, Chevalot I, Toye D, Olmos E. Dimensional analysis and CFD simulations of microcarrier ‘just-suspended’ state in mesenchymal stromal cells bioreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Dong X, Wang S, Geng Z, Li Y, Zhang M. Experimental and numerical analysis on the hydrodynamic behaviors of permeable microbial granules. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Loubière C, Delafosse A, Guedon E, Toye D, Chevalot I, Olmos E. Optimization of the Impeller Design for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture on Microcarriers in Bioreactors. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Loubière
- Université de LorraineLaboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, LRGP 54000 Nancy France
| | - Angélique Delafosse
- Université de LiègeLaboratory of Chemical Engineering Allée de la Chimie 3, B6C 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Guedon
- Université de LorraineLaboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, LRGP 54000 Nancy France
| | - Dominique Toye
- Université de LiègeLaboratory of Chemical Engineering Allée de la Chimie 3, B6C 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Isabelle Chevalot
- Université de LorraineLaboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, LRGP 54000 Nancy France
| | - Eric Olmos
- Université de LorraineLaboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, LRGP 54000 Nancy France
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Ding N, Li C, Guo M, Mohsin A, Zhang S. Numerical simulation of scaling-up an inverted frusto-conical shaking bioreactor with low shear stress for mammalian cell suspension culture. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:671-678. [PMID: 30848405 PMCID: PMC6465373 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is one of the key factors affecting the large-scale culture of mammalian cells. In this study, numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics was used to conduct a flow-field analysis of 7, 50, 200, and 1200 L inverted frusto-conical shaking bioreactors. The results show that the shear rate, specific mass transfer area (a), and volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) gradually decreased as the scale of the bioreactor increased. Through application of BHK21 and CHO cells in 7, 200, and 1200 L bioreactors, it was found that the cell density and antibody expression level increased as the volume of the bioreactor increased. Moreover, the antibody expression level in a 1200 L bioreactor was nearly 30% and 35% higher than that of 7 and 200 L bioreactors, respectively. The results demonstrate that the environment with a larger volume is more suitable for the growth and antibody expression of CHO cells, indicating shear stress might be the most critical factor affecting the scale-up of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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15
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Combined effects of digestate viscosity and agitation conditions on the fermentative biohydrogen production. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Delafosse A, Calvo S, Collignon ML, Toye D. Comparison of hydrodynamics in standard stainless steel and single-use bioreactors by means of an Euler-Lagrange approach. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Borys BS, Roberts EL, Le A, Kallos MS. Scale-up of embryonic stem cell aggregate stirred suspension bioreactor culture enabled by computational fluid dynamics modeling. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Delafosse A, Loubière C, Calvo S, Toye D, Olmos E. Solid-liquid suspension of microcarriers in stirred tank bioreactor – Experimental and numerical analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jossen V, van den Bos C, Eibl R, Eibl D. Manufacturing human mesenchymal stem cells at clinical scale: process and regulatory challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3981-3994. [PMID: 29564526 PMCID: PMC5895685 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based therapies are of increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine. As economic considerations have shown, allogeneic therapy seems to be the most cost-effective method. Standardized procedures based on instrumented single-use bioreactors have been shown to provide billion of cells with consistent product quality and to be superior to traditional expansions in planar cultivation systems. Furthermore, under consideration of the complex nature and requirements of allogeneic hMSC-therapeutics, a new equipment for downstream processing (DSP) was successfully evaluated. This mini-review summarizes both the current state of the hMSC production process and the challenges which have to be taken into account when efficiently producing hMSCs for the clinical scale. Special emphasis is placed on the upstream processing (USP) and DSP operations which cover expansion, harvesting, detachment, separation, washing and concentration steps, and the regulatory demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | | | - Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Trad Z, Vial C, Fontaine JP, Larroche C. Mixing and liquid-to-gas mass transfer under digester operating conditions. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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