Signal peptide-dependent protein translocation pathway is crucial for the sucrose sensitivity of SacB-expressing Escherichia coli

The Screening of the Protective Antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila Using the Reverse Vaccinology Approach: Potential Candidates for Subunit Vaccine Development

The threat of bacterial septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection to aquaculture growth can be prevented through vaccination, but differences among A. hydrophila strains may affect the effectiveness of non-conserved subunit vaccines or non-inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines, making the identification and development of conserved antigens crucial. In this study, a bioinformatics analysis of 4268 protein sequences encoded by the A. hydrophila J-1 strain whole genome was performed based on reverse vaccinology. The specific analysis included signal peptide prediction, transmembrane helical structure prediction, subcellular localization prediction, and antigenicity and adhesion evaluation, as well as interspecific and intraspecific homology comparison, thereby screening the 39 conserved proteins as candidate antigens for A. hydrophila vaccine. The 9 isolated A. hydrophila strains from diseased fish were categorized into 6 different molecular subtypes via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR technology, and the coding regions of 39 identified candidate proteins were amplified via PCR and sequenced to verify their conservation in different subtypes of A. hydrophila and other Aeromonas species. In this way, conserved proteins were screened out according to the comparison results. Briefly, 16 proteins were highly conserved in different A. hydrophila subtypes, of which 2 proteins were highly conserved in Aeromonas species, which could be selected as candidate antigens for vaccines development, including type IV pilus secretin PilQ (AJE35401.1) and TolC family outer membrane protein (AJE35877.1). The present study screened the conserved antigens of A. hydrophila by using reverse vaccinology, which provided basic foundations for developing broad-spectrum protective vaccines of A. hydrophila.

The functional identification of Dps in oxidative stress resistance and virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1 using a new unmarked gene deletion strategy

Excessive iron in the bacterial cytoplasm can potentiate the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA), a gram-negative bacterium, encodes an iron uptake system, but its iron detoxification mechanism is unknown. Here, the dps gene of R. anatipestifer CH-1 (RA-CH-1) was deleted using sacB as a counterselection marker. The dps mutant was more sensitive to H₂O₂ than the wild type in iron-rich conditions but not in iron-limited conditions, suggesting that Dps prevents H₂O₂-induced damage through iron binding. However, the dps mutant and wild type were identically sensitive to bactericidal antibiotics, and antibiotic treatment did not enhance RA-CH-1 ROS production. Furthermore, Dps prevents DNA damage by binding DNA. The RA-CH-1 dps transcript level was higher in the stationary phase than in the early and exponential phases and was increased by OxyR in the presence of H₂O₂. Finally, duckling colonization by the dps mutant was similar to that by the wild type at 48 h postinfection but significantly lower at 60 h postinfection, suggesting that RA-CH-1 Dps is not involved in host invasion but increases resistance to host clearance. Dps thus likely plays an important role in R. anatipestifer physiology and pathogenesis through protecting against oxidative stress.