1
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Roy VC, Islam MR, Sadia S, Yeasmin M, Park JS, Lee HJ, Chun BS. Trash to Treasure: An Up-to-Date Understanding of the Valorization of Seafood By-Products, Targeting the Major Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:485. [PMID: 37755098 PMCID: PMC10532690 DOI: 10.3390/md21090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishery production is exponentially growing, and its by-products negatively impact industries' economic and environmental status. The large amount of bioactive micro- and macromolecules in fishery by-products, including lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, collagen, gelatin, chitin, chitosan, and fucoidan, need to be utilized through effective strategies and proper management. Due to the bioactive and healthy compounds in fishery discards, these components can be used as functional food ingredients. Fishery discards have inorganic or organic value to add to or implement in various sectors (such as the agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical industries). However, the best use of these postharvest raw materials for human welfare remains unelucidated in the scientific community. This review article describes the most useful techniques and methods, such as obtaining proteins and peptides, fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and carotenoids, as well as collagen, gelatin, and polysaccharides such as chitin-chitosan and fucoidan, to ensure the best use of fishery discards. Marine-derived bioactive compounds have biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These high-value compounds are used in various industrial sectors, such as the food and cosmetic industries, owing to their unique functional and characteristic structures. This study aimed to determine the gap between misused fishery discards and their effects on the environment and create awareness for the complete valorization of fishery discards, targeting a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Roy
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Sadia
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Yeasmin
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Vázquez JA, Valcarcel J, Sapatinha M, Bandarra NM, Mendes R, Pires C. Effect of the season on the production and chemical properties of fish protein hydrolysates and high-quality oils obtained from gurnard (Trigla spp.) by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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3
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A comprehensive review of the control and utilization of aquatic animal products by autolysis-based processes: Mechanism, process, factors, and application. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112325. [PMID: 36737919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal aquatic products have high water content, abundant enzyme system and their own diverse microbial flora. These products are severely susceptible to autolysis and degradation after death, resulting in many adverse effects on storage, processing, and transportation. Among them, the endogenous enzyme are the key factor that caused the autolysis and degradation. Autolytic hydrolysis provides an effective way to maximize the use of aquatic by-products and achieve increased protein resources and reduce environmental pollution from by-products. To better acquaintance the autolysis phenomenon and regulation of the autolysis phenomenon. This paper reviews the autolytic mechanism, biochemical changes, influencing factors, and potential applications of animal aquatic products and their by-products to explore autolysis and its effective utilization and regulation. In addition, this study also emphasizes the importance of making full use of aquatic by-products. Furthermore, the research trends and future challenges of autolysis are also discussed. Autolysis can effectively transform aquatic products and by-products into bioactive hydrolysates. The hydrolysates produced by the autolysis of aquatic products and their by-products have attracted attention because of their wide applications in food, healthcare, and animal feed industries. However, the mechanism and regulation (promotion or inhibition) of autolysis should be further studied, and autolysate at the industrial level should be produced to provide high-value-added products for by-product processing and realize the sustainable utilization of resources.
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4
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The role of the drying method on fish oil entrapment in a fish muscle protein ̶ κ-carrageenan ̶ fish protein hydrolysate wall matrix and the properties of colloidal dispersions. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Remme JF, Tveit GM, Bondø M, Slizyte R, Ólafsdóttir A, Jónsdóttir R, Geirsdóttir M, Carvajal AK. Valorisation of Frozen Cod ( Gadus morhua) Heads, Captured by Trawl and Longline by the Oceanic Fleet, by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guro Møen Tveit
- Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Bondø
- Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasa Slizyte
- Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Recent developments in valorisation of bioactive ingredients in discard/seafood processing by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Valcarcel J, Fraguas J, Hermida-Merino C, Hermida-Merino D, Piñeiro MM, Vázquez JA. Production and Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatin and Collagen Hydrolysates from Turbot Skin Waste Generated by Aquaculture Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:491. [PMID: 34564153 PMCID: PMC8465087 DOI: 10.3390/md19090491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising trends in fish filleting are increasing the amount of processing by-products, such as skins of turbot, a flatfish of high commercial value. In line with circular economy principles, we propose the valorization of turbot skins through a two-step process: initial gelatin extraction described for the first time in turbot, followed by hydrolysis of the remaining solids to produce collagen hydrolysates. We assayed several methods for gelatin extraction, finding differences in gelatin properties depending on chemical treatment and temperature. Of all methods, the application of NaOH, sulfuric, and citric acids at 22 °C results in the highest gel strength (177 g), storage and loss moduli, and gel stability. We found no relation between mechanical properties and content of pyrrolidine amino acids, but the best performing gelatin displays higher structural integrity, with less than 30% of the material below 100 kDa. Collagen hydrolysis was more efficient with papain than alcalase, leading to a greater reduction in Mw of the hydrolysates, which contain a higher proportion of essential amino acids than gelatin and show high in vitro anti-hypertensive activity. These results highlight the suitability of turbot skin by-products as a source of gelatin and the potential of collagen hydrolysates as a functional food and feed ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Javier Fraguas
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Carolina Hermida-Merino
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, BP220, F38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Manuel M. Piñeiro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
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8
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Vázquez JA, Hermida-Merino C, Hermida-Merino D, Piñeiro MM, Johansen J, Sotelo CG, Pérez-Martín RI, Valcarcel J. Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162828. [PMID: 34451367 PMCID: PMC8398820 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmon processing commonly involves the skinning of fish, generating by-products that need to be handled. Such skin residues may represent valuable raw materials from a valorization perspective, mainly due to their collagen content. With this approach, we propose in the present work the extraction of gelatin from farmed salmon and further valorization of the remaining residue through hydrolysis. Use of different chemical treatments prior to thermal extraction of gelatin results in a consistent yield of around 5%, but considerable differences in rheological properties. As expected from a cold-water species, salmon gelatin produces rather weak gels, ranging from 0 to 98 g Bloom. Nevertheless, the best performing gelatins show considerable structural integrity, assessed by gel permeation chromatography with light scattering detection for the first time on salmon gelatin. Finally, proteolysis of skin residues with Alcalase for 4 h maximizes digestibility and antihypertensive activity of the resulting hydrolysates, accompanied by the sharpest reduction in molecular weight and higher content of essential amino acids. These results indicate the possibility of tuning salmon gelatin properties through changes in chemical treatment conditions, and completing the valorization cycle through production of bioactive and nutritious hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Hermida-Merino
- CINBIO, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, CP36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, CS 40220, F38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Manuel M. Piñeiro
- CINBIO, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, CP36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Johan Johansen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Carmen G. Sotelo
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.G.S.); (R.I.P.-M.)
| | - Ricardo I. Pérez-Martín
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.G.S.); (R.I.P.-M.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
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9
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Henriques A, Vázquez JA, Valcarcel J, Mendes R, Bandarra NM, Pires C. Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Fish Discards and By-Products from the North-West Spain Fishing Fleet as Potential Sources of Bioactive Peptides. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:338. [PMID: 34199233 PMCID: PMC8231949 DOI: 10.3390/md19060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish discards and by-products can be transformed into high value-added products such as fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) containing bioactive peptides. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from different parts (whole fish, skin and head) of several discarded species of the North-West Spain fishing fleet using Alcalase. All hydrolysates had moisture and ash contents lower than 10% and 15%, respectively. The fat content of FPH varied between 1.5% and 9.4% and had high protein content (69.8-76.6%). The amino acids profiles of FPH are quite similar and the most abundant amino acids were glutamic and aspartic acids. All FPH exhibited antioxidant activity and those obtained from Atlantic horse mackerel heads presented the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and Cu2+ chelating activity. On the other hand, hydrolysates from gurnard heads showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. In what concerns the α-amylase inhibitory activity, the IC50 values recorded for FPH ranged between 5.70 and 84.37 mg/mL for blue whiting heads and whole Atlantic horse mackerel, respectively. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of FPH was relatively low but all FPH had high Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Considering the biological activities, these FPH are potential natural additives for functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Henriques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - José A. Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.A.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.A.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Pires
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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10
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Abstract
Every year, millions of tons of fish waste are generated from fishing activities, and a similar amount is discarded and returned to the sea as unwanted catches. This material can be used as a biological source for many potential new added-value products, such asobtaining hyaluronic acid from fish eyeballs or extracting collagen from fish skin, but there are not many utilities for fish bones yet. This work tackles the transformation of fish discards into calcium phosphates. Discards from scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa) and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), as well as by-products generated from aquaculture activities (heads and trimmings frames) of salmon (Salmon salar), were used to obtain calcium phosphate. Biphasic carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) /beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) material was obtained. The biphasic HA-TCP material has a promising range of applications in the biomedical field based on its similarity to calcium phosphates found in human bones in terms of crystallite size and carbonate content. The presence of Na, Mg, Sr, and K ions in the HA-TCP material is very beneficial, since they contribute to bone metabolism and cell adhesion.
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11
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Debeaufort F. Active biopackaging produced from by-products and waste from food and marine industries. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:984-998. [PMID: 33595926 PMCID: PMC8016118 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The agro-food industry cannot today do without packaging to preserve and above all market its products. Plastic materials coming mainly from petrochemicals have taken a predominant place in the food packaging sector. They have become indispensable in many sectors, from fresh to frozen products, from meat and dairy products to fruit and vegetables or almost-ready meals. Plastics are cheap, their lightness reduces transport costs, and their convenience is fundamental for out-of-home catering. However, plastics pose serious end-of-life issues. The development of materials that are more respectful of the consumer and the environment has become a major issue. In addition, the agro-food industries generate significant quantities of waste or by-products that are poorly or not at all recovered. However, these contain constituents that can be extracted or transformed to be compatible with packaging uses. Many molecules from waste materials are of particular interest for the development of active packaging such as biopolymers, bioactive agents, inorganic compounds, fibers, or nano- and micro-objects. Providing bioactive functions such as antioxidants or antimicrobials can extend the shelf life of food while reducing the sophistication of plastic materials and thus improving their recycling. This article summarizes the main materials and constituents that can be recovered from waste and illustrates through several examples what could be the applications of such new, sustainable, and active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineeringIUT‐Dijon‐AuxerreUniversity of BurgundyDijon CedexFrance
- Joint Unit A02.102 PAM‐PAPC ‐ Physical Chemistry of Food and Wine LaboratoryUniv. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté/AgroSupDijonDijonFrance
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12
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Cristofel CJ, Grando RC, Tormen L, Francisco CTDP, Bertan LC. Effect of the use of guabiroba bark and functional ingredients on the characteristics of Nile Tilapia burger. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian José Cristofel
- Food Science and Technology Federal University of Fronteira SulUFFS Laranjeiras do Sul Brazil
| | - Remili Cristiane Grando
- Food Science and Technology Federal University of Fronteira SulUFFS Laranjeiras do Sul Brazil
| | - Luciano Tormen
- Food Science and Technology Federal University of Fronteira SulUFFS Laranjeiras do Sul Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Canhadas Bertan
- Food Science and Technology Federal University of Fronteira SulUFFS Laranjeiras do Sul Brazil
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13
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Silva F, Duarte AM, Mendes S, Magalhães E, Pinto FR, Barroso S, Neves A, Sequeira V, Vieira AR, Gordo L, Gil MM. Seasonal Sensory Evaluation of Low Commercial Value or Unexploited Fish Species from the Portuguese Coast. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121880. [PMID: 33348717 PMCID: PMC7766407 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overfishing is increasing over time, and according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), about one third of the world’s fish stocks are now overfished. Thus, diversifying the target species is essential for fisheries sustainability contributing to improve resource-efficient processes. Non-target species can be valuable resources for the development of new food products. However, those species are scarcely studied, and it is of high importance to trace their seasonal sensory profile as a first step towards their valorisation. Therefore, in this study, seasonal influence on sensory properties of five low commercial value or unexploited fish species, namely Trachurus picturatus (blue jack mackerel), Spondyliosoma cantharus (black seabream), Trigla lyra (piper gurnard), Serranus cabrilla (comber) and Capros aper (boarfish), was assessed in order to identify the most favourable season for catching each species. Fish samples were assessed by a panel of 16 semi-trained assessors for sensory attributes previously identified. The evaluation takes place every 2 months. Statistical differences were reported between attributes and seasons for all species, except for T. lyra, which did not present any difference in its sensory attributes throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Ana M. Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Elisabete Magalhães
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Filipa R. Pinto
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sónia Barroso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Ana Neves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Vera Sequeira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vieira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonel Gordo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Gil
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Valcarcel J, Sanz N, Vázquez JA. Optimization of the Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis of By-Products from Seabream ( Sparus aurata) and Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax), Chemical and Functional Characterization. Foods 2020; 9:E1503. [PMID: 33092225 PMCID: PMC7589672 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of seabass and seabream by-products is becoming increasingly relevant, as marketing of these species moves from selling whole fish to filleting for convenience products. With this aim, we optimized for the first time the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) by enzymatic hydrolysis from filleting by-products of these commercially relevant aquaculture species, isolating fish oil at the same time. On the whole, both fish yielded similar amounts of protein, but frames and trimmings (FT) were the best source, followed by heads and viscera. In vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities showed similar figures for both species, placing FPHs from FT as the most active. Molecular weights ranged from 1381 to 2023 Da, corresponding to the lowest values of FT, in line with the higher hydrolysis degrees observed. All FPHs reached high digestibility (>86%) and displayed an excellent amino acid profile in terms of essential amino acids and flavor, making them suitable as food additives and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials Laboratory (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials Laboratory (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Optimal Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Monkfish By-Products: Chemical Features and Associated Biological Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184068. [PMID: 32899910 PMCID: PMC7570475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was the recovery of protein substrates from monkfish waste (heads and viscera) generated in the on-board processing of this species. Initially, the effect of pH, temperature, and protease concentration was studied on mixtures of a 1:1 ratio (w/v) of monkfish heads/water. The optimal conditions of proteolytic digestion were established at 57.4 °C, pH 8.31, [Alcalase] = 0.05% (v/w) for 3 h of hydrolysis. Later on, a set of hydrolysis at 5L-pH-stat reactor were run under the aforementioned conditions, confirming the validity of the optimization studies for the head and viscera of monkfish. Regarding the chemical properties of the fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), the yield of digestion was higher than 90% in both cases and the degrees of hydrolysis and the soluble protein content were not especially large (<20% and <45 g/L, respectively). In vitro digestibility was higher than 90% and the percentage of essential amino acids ranged from 40 to 42%. Antioxidant activities were higher in viscera FPH, and antihypertensive ability was superior in head FPH. The values of number average molecular weights (Mn) of monkfish hydrolysates were 600 Da in the viscera and 947 Da in the head. The peptide size distribution, obtained by size-exclusion chromatography, indicated that the largest presence of peptides below 1000 Da and 200 Da was observed in the viscera FPH.
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Vázquez JA, Durán AI, Menduíña A, Nogueira M, Gomes AM, Antunes J, Freitas AC, Dagá E, Dagá P, Valcarcel J. Bioconversion of Fish Discards through the Production of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Metabolites: Sustainable Application of Fish Peptones in Nutritive Fermentation Media. Foods 2020; 9:E1239. [PMID: 32899847 PMCID: PMC7554814 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work, we study the capacity of 30 peptones obtained by enzyme proteolysis of ten discarded fish species (hake, megrim, red scorpionfish, pouting, mackerel, gurnard, blue whiting, Atlantic horse mackerel, grenadier, and boarfish) to support the growth and metabolite production of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of probiotic and technological importance. Batch fermentations of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. casei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in most of the media formulated with fish peptones (87% of the cases) led to similar growths (quantified as dry-weight biomass and viable cells) and metabolites (mainly lactic acid) than in commercial control broth (MRS). Comparisons among cultures were performed by means of the parameters obtained from the mathematical fittings of experimental kinetics to the logistic equation. Modelling among experimental and predicted data from each bioproduction was generally accurate. A simple economic assessment demonstrated the profitability achieved when MRS is substituted by media formulated with fish discards: a 3-4-fold reduction of costs for LAB biomass, viable cells formation, and lactic and acetic acid production. Thus, these fish peptones are promising alternatives to the expensive commercial peptones as well as a possible solution to valorize discarded fish biomasses and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana I. Durán
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Araceli Menduíña
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Margarita Nogueira
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana María Gomes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Joana Antunes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Esther Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paula Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Vázquez JA, Durán A, Nogueira M, Menduíña A, Antunes J, Freitas AC, Gomes AM. Production of Marine Probiotic Bacteria in a Cost-Effective Marine Media Based on Peptones Obtained from Discarded Fish By-Products. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1121. [PMID: 32722528 PMCID: PMC7464406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The industrial production of marine bacteria with probiotic properties is limited by the excessive cost of the culture media adequate for their growth. The present work aimed to study the suitability of 30 marine media formulated with nitrogen sources (fish peptones) from different fish discards and seawater, for the growth of two marine probiotic bacteria (MPB), namely Phaeobacter sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. These fish peptones were produced from several discarded fish and by-products (heads, skins, and whole individuals of megrim, mackerel, gurnard, hake, etc.). In all cultivations, no significant differences were found on cell viability when the microorganism grew on commercial or alternative media. In relation to the biomass production, the growth of Phaeobacter sp. on waste media was commonly similar or a 20% lower than observed in the control cultures. For P. fluorescens, various peptones (skin peptones of pouting and blue whiting) showed even higher productive ability than commercial peptones. An initial economical evaluation revealed that low-cost media reduced until 120 times the cost of production of MPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.D.); (M.N.); (A.M.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Durán
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.D.); (M.N.); (A.M.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Margarita Nogueira
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.D.); (M.N.); (A.M.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Araceli Menduíña
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.D.); (M.N.); (A.M.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Joana Antunes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Ana María Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
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Ranasinghe RASN, Wijesekara WLI, Perera PRD, Senanayake SA, Pathmalal MM, Marapana RAUJ. Functional and Bioactive Properties of Gelatin Extracted from Aquatic Bioresources – A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1747486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. S. N. Ranasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W. L. I. Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P. R. D. Perera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S. A. Senanayake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M. M. Pathmalal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - R. A. U. J. Marapana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Vázquez JA, Rodríguez-Amado I, Sotelo CG, Sanz N, Pérez-Martín RI, Valcárcel J. Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Aquaculture Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) Wastes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020310. [PMID: 32075329 PMCID: PMC7072122 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of wastes generated in the processing of farmed fish is currently an issue of extreme relevance for the industry, aiming to accomplish the objectives of circular bioeconomy. In the present report, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) by-products were subjected to Alcalase hydrolysis under the optimal conditions initially defined by response surface methodology. All the fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) showed a high yield of digestion (>83%), very remarkable degrees of hydrolysis (30–37%), high content of soluble protein (>62 g/L), an excellent profile of amino acids, and almost total in vitro digestibility (higher than 92%). Antioxidant and antihypertensive activities were analyzed in all cases, viscera hydrolysates being the most active. The range of average molecular weights (Mw) of turbot hydrolysates varied from 1200 to 1669 Da, and peptide size distribution showed that the hydrolysate of viscera had the highest content of peptides above 1000 Da and below 200 Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (C.G.S.); (N.S.); (R.I.P.-M.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-231930
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Amado
- Department of Life Sciences of the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Carmen G. Sotelo
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (C.G.S.); (N.S.); (R.I.P.-M.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (C.G.S.); (N.S.); (R.I.P.-M.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo I. Pérez-Martín
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (C.G.S.); (N.S.); (R.I.P.-M.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jesus Valcárcel
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (C.G.S.); (N.S.); (R.I.P.-M.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Franco D, Munekata PES, Agregán R, Bermúdez R, López-Pedrouso M, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Application of Pulsed Electric Fields for Obtaining Antioxidant Extracts from Fish Residues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E90. [PMID: 31973157 PMCID: PMC7070792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish processing has serious economic and environmental costs in the food supply chain. It is necessary to find new ways to convert fish residue to added-value products, especially for main aquaculture species. In this study, a pulsed electric field (PEF) process for antioxidant extract production from three residues (gills, bones, and heads) of two commercial species (sea bream and sea bass) was tested. Three methods of extraction using two solvents (water and methanol) and a water extraction assisted by PEF were assessed. Chemical and mineral compositions, as well as amino acid profile of the by-products, were determined. In addition, four in vitro antioxidant methods, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonate radical (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC), were used to evaluate the extracts. Antioxidant activity was confirmed by DPPH and ABTS and FRAP tests, obtaining the highest values for residues from the sea bream species. ORAC values were higher in methanol than in water solvent. In general, gills were the residues with the greatest antioxidant activity for the four antioxidant assays employed. For DPPH assay, the extracts of water assisted by PEF from heads, bones, and gills yielded significant increases of 35.8%, 68.6%, and 33.8% for sea bream and 60.7%, 71.8%, and 22.1% for sea bass, respectively, with respect to water extracts. Our results suggest that PEF would be an environmentally friendly and economic choice for antioxidant-extract production from low-value by-products from fish processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Rubén Agregán
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.A.); (R.B.); (M.P.)
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Valorization of Aquaculture By-Products of Salmonids to Produce Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Process Optimization, Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Bioactives. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120676. [PMID: 31801228 PMCID: PMC6950744 DOI: 10.3390/md17120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present manuscript, various by-products (heads, trimmings, and frames) generated from salmonids (rainbow trout and salmon) processing were evaluated as substrates for the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs), potentially adequate as protein ingredients of aquaculture feeds. Initially, enzymatic conditions of hydrolysis were optimized using second order rotatable designs and multivariable statistical analysis. The optimal conditions for the Alcalase hydrolysis of heads were 0.1% (v/w) of enzyme concentration, pH 8.27, 56.2°C, ratio (Solid:Liquid = 1:1), 3 h of hydrolysis, and agitation of 200 rpm for rainbow trout and 0.2% (v/w) of enzyme, pH 8.98, 64.2 °C, 200 rpm, 3 h of hydrolysis, and S:L = 1:1 for salmon. These conditions obtained at 100 mL-reactor scale were then validated at 5L-reactor scale. The hydrolytic capacity of Alcalase and the protein quality of FPHs were excellent in terms of digestion of wastes (Vdig > 84%), high degrees of hydrolysis (Hm > 30%), high concentration of soluble protein (Prs > 48 g/L), good balance of amino acids, and almost full in vitro digestibility (Dig > 93%). Fish oils were recovered from wastes jointly with FPHs and bioactive properties of hydrolysates (antioxidant and antihypertensive) were also determined. The salmon FPHs from trimmings + frames (TF) showed the higher protein content in comparison to the rest of FPHs from salmonids. Average molecular weights of salmonid-FPHs ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 kDa and the peptide sizes distribution indicated that hydrolysates of rainbow trout heads and salmon TF led to the highest percentages of small peptides (0-500 Da).
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New Strategy to Cope with Common Fishery Policy Landing Obligation: Collagen Extraction from Skins and Bones of Undersized Hake ( Merluccius merluccius). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091485. [PMID: 31514432 PMCID: PMC6780104 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to promote sustainable fishing practices within European fishing fleets and to avoid the large waste of valuable fish biomass through the practice of fish discarding, the new reform of the common fisheries policy includes the obligation of landing all species under total allowable catch (TAC) regulations. The new policy also prohibits the use of specimens under minimum conservation reference size for direct human cons38umption. In this context, it is necessary to find new uses for undersized fish, which might help to alleviate the costs associated with the landing obligation but without prompting the creation of a market. European hake (EH) (Merluccius merluccius), which is one of the most important commercial fish species for the Spanish fishing industry, with a total TAC for 2018 of 3,7423 t, is used for this study. Consistent with the current policy framework and taking into account the commercial importance of this species, the aim of this work is to study a new strategy for the extraction of collagen from the skin and bone fraction of Merluccius merluccius undersized discards. Three collagen fractions are successfully isolated for the first time from the skin of M. merluccius skin and bone discarded raw material: acid-soluble collagen (ASC) fraction 1 and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) fraction 2 from the skin and ASC fraction 3 from bones. The total collagen yield of the process is 13.55 ± 3.18% in a dry basis (g collagen/100 g of skin and bone fraction (SBF)) and 47.80 ± 9.83% (g collagen/100 g of collagen determined by the hydroxyproline content in SBF). The three fractions are further characterized by using different physical and chemical analysis techniques, with the conclusion drawn that the triple helix structure is preserved in the three fractions, although ASC fractions (F1 and F3) present more or stronger hydrogen bonds than the PSC fraction (F2). With the process herein presented, deboned and skinned hake specimens could represent an interesting source of high quality type I collagen, which could be useful as a raw material for the biomedical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries.
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