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Sun J, Lu X, Wang S, Tian C, Chen G, Luo N, Zhang Q, Li X. Biochar Blended with Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes Maize Yield by Altering Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Content in Black Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4939. [PMID: 36981848 PMCID: PMC10048919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizers are known to increase soil carbon storage and reduce soil nitrogen loss as amendments, suggesting a promising strategy for highly effectively increasing soil productivity. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms of their effects on crop yield in terms of active carbon fraction and enzyme activity, which ultimately limits the potential for the application of biochar in combination with nitrogen fertilizers. To evaluate the effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the improvement of black soils in northeast China, a field experiment was conducted in the black soil to compare and analyze the application methods on total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and maize yields. Biochar rates: CK, C1, C2, and C3 (0, 9.8, 19.6, and 29.4 Mg·ha-1); N fertilizer rates: N1/2 and N (30 and 60 kg·ha-1). Results indicated that biochar and N fertilizer amendments significantly ameliorated soil fertility, such as TOC and TN, compared to the unamended soil. The TOC levels in the C3 treatment increased by 35.18% and the TN levels by 23.95%. The improvement in TN is more significant when biochar is blended with N fertilizer. Biochar blended with N fertilizer increased maize cellulase, urease, and invertase activities by an average of 53.12%, 58.13%, and 16.54%, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that TOC, TN, and MBN contributed 42%, 16.2%, and 22.2%, respectively, to the maize yield indicator. Principal component analysis showed that reduced N fertilizer was more effective in improving yields, with a maximum yield increase of 50.74%. Biochar blended with N fertilizer is an effective strategy to improve the fertility and productivity of black soils in northeast China, while nitrogen fertilizer reduction is feasible and necessary for maintaining grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinrui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Affairs Service Centers of Natural Resources in Tieling Country, Northeast China, Tieling 112608, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guoshuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Nana Luo
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pisani WA, Jenness GR, Schutt TC, Larson SL, Shukla MK. Preferential Adsorption of Prominent Amino Acids in the Urease Enzyme of Sporosarcina pasteurii on Arid Soil Components: A Periodic DFT Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13414-13428. [PMID: 36279412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The urease enzyme is commonly used in microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) to heal and strengthen soil. Improving our understanding of the adsorption of the urease enzyme with various soil surfaces can lead to advancements in the MICP and EICP engineering methods as well as other areas of soil science. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the urease enzyme's binding ability with four common arid soil components: quartz, corundum, albite, and hematite. As the urease enzyme cannot directly be simulated with DFT due to its size, the amino acids comprising at least 5% of the urease enzyme were simulated instead. An adsorption model incorporating the Gibbs free energy was used to determine the existence of amino acid-mineral binding modes. It was found that the nine simulated amino acids bind preferentially to the different soil components. Alanine favors corundum, glycine and threonine favor hematite, and aspartic acid favors albite. It was found that, under the standard environmental conditions considered here, amino acid binding to quartz is unfavorable. In the polymeric form where the side chains would dominate the binding interactions, hematite favors aspartic acid through its R-OH group and corundum favors glutamic acid through its R-Ket group. Overall, our model predicts that the urease enzyme produced by Sporosarcina pasteurii can bind to various oxides found in arid soil through its alanine, glycine, aspartic/glutamic acid, or threonine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Pisani
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Glen R Jenness
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Timothy C Schutt
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Steven L Larson
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
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Liu H, Shan M, Liu M, Song J, Chen K. Assessment of the eco-toxicological effects in zoxamide polluted soil amended with fertilizers-An indoor evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134630. [PMID: 35447215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zoxamide is a benzamide fungicide applied to control diseases caused by oomycete fungi. Fertilizers are important agricultural supplies to adjust soil properties and increase nutrition. To investigate the impact of zoxamide and seven fertilizers urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, vermicompost and soya bean cakes on the soil environment, the enantioselective dissipation characteristics of zoxamide, soil enzyme activities, pH and N, P nutrition changes were comprehensively analyzed in our present study. The enantioseparation method was successfully validated to quantify the zoxamide enantiomers in soil by HPLC using Chiral NQ (2)-RH column. Our results demonstrated that the R-(-)- and S-(+)-zoxamide half dissipated in the range of 10.88-17.81 and 8.05-14.41 days, respectively. S-(+)-zoxamide disappeared faster in soil. The vermicompost accelerated the dissipation rate of S-(+)-zoxamide, while urea, phosphate, organic and vermicompost fertilizer increased the dissipation selectivity. Zoxamide and fertilizers other than urea caused soil acidification during 80 days. Zoxamide was beneficial to soil catalase, instead inhibited soil urease, dehydrogenase activities and available phosphorus content. No significant effects on sucrase activity and available nitrogen content were found by zoxamide. Vermicompost and soya bean cakes had lasting and outstanding performance in efficiently improving soil enzyme activity and N, P nutrition. The comprehensive understanding of the ecological impact induced by chiral pesticide enantiomers and fertilizers on soil is vital to ensure the sustainable development and safety of agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Mei Shan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Kuiyuan Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Effects of Soil Surface Chemistry on Adsorption and Activity of Urease from a Crude Protein Extract: Implications for Biocementation Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the bacterial enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (BEICP) technique for biocementation, the spatial distribution of adsorbed and catalytically active urease dictates the location where calcium carbonate precipitation and resulting cementation will occur. This study investigated the relationships between the amount of urease and total bacterial proteins adsorbed, the retained enzymatic activity of adsorbed urease, and the overall loss of activity upon adsorption, and how these relationships are influenced by changes in soil surface chemistry. In soils with hydrophobic contents higher than 20% (w/w) ratio, urease was preferentially adsorbed compared to the total amount of proteins present in the crude bacterial protein extract. Conversely, adsorption of urease onto silica sand and soil mixtures, including iron-coated sand, was much lower compared to the total proteins. Higher levels of urease activity were retained in hydrophobic-containing samples, with urease activity decreasing with lower hydrophobic content. These observations suggest that the surface manipulation of soils, such as treatments to add hydrophobicity to soil surfaces, can potentially be used to increase the activity of adsorbed urease to improve biocementation outcomes.
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