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Vijaya AK, Kuras S, Šimoliūnas E, Mingaila J, Makovskytė K, Buišas R, Daliri EBM, Meškys R, Baltriukienė D, Burokas A. Prebiotics mitigate the detrimental effects of High-Fat diet on Memory, anxiety and microglia functionality in ageing mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:167-184. [PMID: 39142421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is characterised by a progressive increase in systemic inflammation and especially neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is associated with altered brain states that affect behaviour, such as an increased level of anxiety with a concomitant decline in cognitive abilities. Although multiple factors play a role in the development of neuroinflammation, microglia have emerged as a crucial target. Microglia are the only macrophage population in the CNS parenchyma that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and in the immune response, which depends on the activation and subsequent deactivation of microglia. Therefore, microglial dysfunction has a major impact on neuroinflammation. The gut microbiota has been shown to significantly influence microglia from birth to adulthood in terms of development, proliferation, and function. Diet is a key modulating factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota, along with prebiotics that support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Although the role of diet in neuroinflammation and behaviour has been well established, its relationship with microglia functionality is less explored. This article establishes a link between diet, animal behaviour and the functionality of microglia. The results of this research stem from experiments on mouse behaviour, i.e., memory, anxiety, and studies on microglia functionality, i.e., cytochemistry (phagocytosis, cellular senescence, and ROS assays), gene expression and protein quantification. In addition, shotgun sequencing was performed to identify specific bacterial families that may play a crucial role in the brain function. The results showed negative effects of long-term consumption of a high fat diet on ageing mice, epitomised by increased body weight, glucose intolerance, anxiety, cognitive impairment and microglia dysfunction compared to ageing mice on a control diet. These effects were a consequence of the changes in gut microbiota modulated by the diet. However, by adding the prebiotics fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides, we were able to mitigate the deleterious effects of a long-term high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Vijaya
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Kuras
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Mingaila
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Makovskytė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Buišas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Baltriukienė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Melo-Thomas L, Tacken L, Richter N, Almeida D, Rapôso C, de Melo SR, Thomas U, de Paiva YB, Medeiros P, Coimbra NC, Schwarting R. Lateralization in hemi-parkinsonian rats is affected by deep brain stimulation or glutamatergic neurotransmission in the inferior colliculus. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0076-22.2022. [PMID: 35817565 PMCID: PMC9337613 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After unilateral lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) by 6-OHDA rats exhibit lateralized deficits in spontaneous behavior or apomorphine-induced rotations. We investigated whether such lateralization is attenuated by either deep brain stimulation (DBS) or glutamatergic neurotransmission in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Wistar rats. Intracollicular DBS did not affect spontaneous lateralization but attenuated apomorphine-induced rotations. Spontaneous lateralization disappeared after both glutamatergic antagonist MK-801 or the agonist NMDA microinjected in the IC. Apomorphine-induced rotations were potentiated by MK-801 but were not affected by NMDA intracollicular microinjection. After injecting a bidirectional neural tract tracer into the IC, cell bodies and/or axonal fibers were found in the periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, substantia nigra, cuneiform nucleus and pedunculo-pontine tegmental nucleus, suggesting the involvement of these structures in the motor improvement after IC manipulation. Importantly, the side of the IC microinjection regarding the lesion (ipsi- or contralateral) is particularly important and this effect may not involve the neostriatum directly.Significance StatementThe inferior colliculus, usually viewed as an auditory structure, when properly manipulated may counteract motor deficits in Parkinsonian rats. Indeed, the present study showed that 30 Hz deep brain stimulation or glutamatergic neural network in the inferior colliculus reduced body asymmetry induced by medial forebrain bundle unilateral 6-OHDA lesion in rats, an animal model of Parkinsonism. Understanding how glutamatergic mechanisms in the inferior colliculus influence motor control, classically attributed to the basal nuclei circuitry, could be useful in the development of new therapeutics to treat Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Melo-Thomas
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Tacken
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Richter
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Davina Almeida
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Silvana Regina de Melo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Uwe Thomas
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Winchester Strasse 8, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yara Bezerra de Paiva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto C Coimbra
- Behavioral Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rainer Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Watanabe M, Ito T, Fukuda A. Effects of Taurine Depletion on Body Weight and Mouse Behavior during Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:631. [PMID: 35888755 PMCID: PMC9318136 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) plays an important role in various physiological functions and is abundant in the brain and skeletal muscle. Extracellular taurine is an endogenous agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors. Taurine actively accumulates in cells via the taurine transporter (TauT). Adult taurine-knockout (TauT-/-) mice exhibit lower body weights and exercise intolerance. To further examine the physiological role of taurine, we examined the effect of its depletion on mouse behavior, startle responses, muscular endurance, and body weight during development from postnatal day 0 (P0) until P60. In the elevated plus maze test, TauT-/- mice showed decreased anxiety-like behavior. In addition, TauT-/- mice did not show a startle response to startle stimuli, suggesting they have difficulty hearing. Wire-hang test revealed that muscular endurance was reduced in TauT-/- mice. Although a reduction of body weight was observed in TauT-/- mice during the developmental period, changes in body weight during 60% food restriction were similar to wild-type mice. Collectively, these results suggest that taurine has important roles in anxiety-like behavior, hearing, muscular endurance, and maintenance of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Watanabe
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan;
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Tucker LB, McCabe JT. Measuring Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodent Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:682935. [PMID: 34776887 PMCID: PMC8586518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.682935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common complaint following acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the measurement of dysfunctional anxiety behavioral states following experimental TBI in rodents is complex. Some studies report increased anxiety after TBI, whereas others find a decreased anxiety-like state, often described as increased risk-taking behavior or impulsivity. These inconsistencies may reflect a lack of standardization of experimental injury models or of behavioral testing techniques. Here, we review the most commonly employed unconditioned tests of anxiety and discuss them in a context of experimental TBI. Special attention is given to the effects of repeated testing, and consideration of potential sensory and motor confounds in injured rodents. The use of multiple tests and alternative data analysis methods are discussed, as well as the potential for the application of common data elements (CDEs) as a means of providing a format for documentation of experimental details and procedures of each published research report. CDEs may improve the rigor, reproducibility, as well as endpoint for better relating findings with clinical TBI phenotypes and the final goal of translation. While this may not resolve all incongruities in findings across laboratories, it is seen as a way forward for standardized and universal data collection for improvement of data quality and sharing, and advance therapies for neuropsychiatric symptoms that often present for decades following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Tucker
- Preclinical Behavior and Models Core, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph T McCabe
- Preclinical Behavior and Models Core, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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González-Gaspar P, Macías-Carballo M, Cadena-Mejía T, Landa-Jiménez MA, Montes-González FM, López-Meraz ML, Beltran-Parrazal L, Morgado-Valle C. Analixity: An open source, low-cost analysis system for the elevated plus maze test, based on computer vision techniques. Behav Processes 2021; 193:104539. [PMID: 34752911 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Manual analysis of behavioral tests in rodents involves inspection of video recordings by a researcher that assesses rodent movements to quantify parameters related with a behavior of interest. The assessment of the researcher during the quantification of such parameters can introduce variability among experimental conditions or among sessions of analysis. Here, we introduce Analixity, a video processing software for the elevated plus maze test (EPM), in which quantification of behavioral parameters is automatic, reducing the time spent in analysis and solving the variability problem. Analixity is an adaptable multiplatform open-source system. Analixity generates an Excel file with the quantified behavioral variables, such as time spent in open and closed arms and in the center zone, number of entries to each zone and total distance traveled during the test. For validation, we compared results obtained by Analixity with results obtained by manual analysis. We did not find statistically significant differences. In addition, we compared the results obtained by Analixity with results obtained by the commercial software ANY-maze. We did not find statistically significant differences in the quantification of parameters such as time spent in open arms, time spent in closed arms, time spent in center zone, number of closed arms, open arms entries, and anxiety index. We concluded that Analixity is an open-source software as reliable and effective as a commercial software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Gaspar
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Matemáticas, Mexico; Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel A Landa-Jiménez
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Mexico
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Singha SP, Memon S, Kazi SAF, Nizamani GS. Gamma aminobutyric acid signaling disturbances and altered astrocytic morphology associated with Bisphenol A induced cognitive impairments in rat offspring. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:911-924. [PMID: 33655713 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-recognized endocrine disruptor and is globally used in the manufacture of many plastic items. Multiple studies suggest links between prenatal BPA exposure and alterations in neurodevelopment and behaviors in children, even at lower levels. This study was conducted to reveal the role of astrocyte morphology and Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling in BPA induced cognitive defects in the offspring of Wistar albino rats when exposed during the prenatal and postnatal periods. METHODS Dams of Wistar albino rats were exposed to a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight of BPA throughout the pregnancy and lactation period until the third postnatal day (PND). After delivery of pups, cognitive tests were carried out on the 21st, 24th, and 28th PNDs. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum GABA levels. On the same day as the blood collections, pups were sacrificed and their right frontal cortices were dissected out. Immunohistochemical analysis for glial fibrillar acidic protein + astrocytes was conducted. RESULTS Pre and postnatal BPA exposure led to anxiety like behavior in pups. This exposure also resulted in reduced serum GABA concentrations. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed reduced astrocyte numbers as well as decreased numbers of dendritic spines in the BPA exposed pups. CONCLUSION BPA exposure during critical periods of development leads to cognitive impairments that correlate with the defects in the GABA signaling pathways and deteriorated morphology of the astrocytes in the offspring of the Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samreen Memon
- Department of Anatomy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Shah Nizamani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, In Charge, Clinical Laboratory and Blood Bank, Isra University Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
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7
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Varotto BLR, Martinez RCR, Gouveia FV, Antunes GF, Fabri GMDC, Ballester G, Antequera R, de Siqueira SRDT, Fonoff ET, Teixeira MJ, de Siqueira JTT. Increased Anxiety-Like Behavior in the Acute Phase of a Preclinical Model of Periodontal Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:598851. [PMID: 33414759 PMCID: PMC7782965 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.598851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an infectious-inflammatory oral disease that is highly prevalent among adolescence and adulthood and can lead to chronic orofacial pain and be associated with anxiety, stress and depression. This study aimed to identify anxiety-like behaviors in the ligature-induced murine preclinical model of PD in different phases of the disease (i.e., acute vs. chronic). Also, we investigated orofacial mechanical allodynia thresholds and superficial cortical plasticity along the orofacial motor cortex in both disease phases. To this aim, 25 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated in acute (14 days) or chronic (28 days) ligature-induced-PD groups and further divided into active-PD or sham-PD. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using the elevated plus maze, mechanical allodynia assessed using the von Frey filaments test and superficial motor cortex mapping was performed with electrical transdural stimulation. We observed increased anxiety-like behavior in active-PD animals in the acute phase, characterized by decreased number of entries into the open arm extremities [t (1,7) = 2.42, p = 0.04], and reduced time spent in the open arms [t (1,7) = 3.56, p = 0.01] and in the open arm extremities [t (1,7) = 2.75, p = 0.03]. There was also a reduction in the mechanical allodynia threshold in all active-PD animals [Acute: t (1,7) = 8.81, p < 0.001; Chronic: t (1,6) = 60.0, p < 0.001], that was positively correlated with anxiety-like behaviors in the acute group. No differences were observed in motor cortex mapping. Thus, our findings show the presence of anxiety-like behaviors in the acute phase of PD making this a suitable model to study the impact of anxiety in treatment response and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Luiza Roim Varotto
- Dental Team, and Dental Research Group on Pain and Mental Health of Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, LIM/23 – Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geiza Fernanda Antunes
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, LIM/23 – Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Ballester
- School of Medicine, City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Antequera
- Dental Team, and Dental Research Group on Pain and Mental Health of Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- Pain Center and Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Pain Center and Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Tesseroli de Siqueira
- Dental Team, and Dental Research Group on Pain and Mental Health of Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pain Center and Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Orofacial Pain Team, Dentistry Division, School of Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohammed Sur T, Akbaba E, Hassan SA, Bagci E. Neuropharmacological profile of Hypericum scabrum L. essential oil in rats. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1655491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mohammed Sur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emel Akbaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Salam A. Hassan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Eyup Bagci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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9
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Tabbai S, Moreno-Fernández RD, Zambrana-Infantes E, Nieto-Quero A, Chun J, García-Fernández M, Estivill-Torrús G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Oliveira TG, Pérez-Martín M, Pedraza C. Effects of the LPA 1 Receptor Deficiency and Stress on the Hippocampal LPA Species in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:146. [PMID: 31244601 PMCID: PMC6580287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that functions in intracellular signaling through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Among these receptors, LPA1 is a strong candidate to mediate the central effects of LPA on emotion and may be involved in promoting normal emotional behaviors. Alterations in this receptor may induce vulnerability to stress and predispose an individual to a psychopathological disease. In fact, mice lacking the LPA1 receptor exhibit emotional dysregulation and cognitive alterations in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Moreover, the loss of this receptor results in a phenotype of low resilience with dysfunctional coping in response to stress and induces anxiety and several behavioral and neurobiological changes that are strongly correlated with mood disorders. In fact, our group proposes that maLPA1-null mice represent an animal model of anxious depression. However, despite the key role of the LPA-LPA1-pathway in emotion and stress coping behaviors, the available information describing the mechanisms by which the LPA-LPA1-pathway regulates emotion is currently insufficient. Because activation of LPA1 requires LPA, here, we used a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization mass spectrometry-based approach to evaluate the effects of an LPA1 receptor deficiency on the hippocampal levels of LPA species. Additionally, the impact of stress on the LPA profile was also examined in both wild-type (WT) and the Malaga variant of LPA1-null mice (maLPA1-null mice). Mice lacking LPA1 did not exhibit gross perturbations in the hippocampal LPA species, but the LPA profile was modified, showing an altered relative abundance of 18:0 LPA. Regardless of the genotype, restraint stress produced profound changes in all LPA species examined, revealing that hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress. Finally, the relationship between the hippocampal levels of LPA species and performance in the elevated plus maze was established. To our knowledge, this study is the first to detect, identify and profile LPA species in the hippocampus of both LPA1-receptor null mice and WT mice at baseline and after acute stress, as well as to link these LPA species with anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, the hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress and may be involved in psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tabbai
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Román Dario Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maria García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Medicina Deportiva, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Perinatal Nutrition and Programmed Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Animal Models. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:122-134. [PMID: 30293647 PMCID: PMC6309477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is critically important for fetal development. Recent human studies demonstrate a strong connection between diet during pregnancy and offspring risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Animal models have emerged as a crucial tool for understanding maternal nutrition's contribution to prenatal programming and the later development of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review highlights preclinical studies examining how maternal consumption of the three macronutrients (protein, fats, and carbohydrates) influence offspring negative-valence behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. We highlight the translational aspects of animal models and so examine exposure periods that mirror the neurodevelopmental stages of human gestation. Because of our emphasis on programmed changes in neurobehavioral development, studies that continue diet exposure until assessment in adulthood are not discussed. The presented research provides a strong foundation of preclinical evidence of nutritional programming of neurobehavioral impairments. Alterations in risk assessment and response were observed alongside neurodevelopmental impairments related to neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. To date, the large majority of studies utilized rodent models, and the field could benefit from additional study of large-animal models. Additional future directions are discussed, including the need for further studies examining how sex as a biological variable affects the contribution of maternal nutrition to prenatal programming.
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Schrader AJ, Taylor RM, Lowery-Gionta EG, Moore NLT. Repeated elevated plus maze trials as a measure for tracking within-subjects behavioral performance in rats (Rattus norvegicus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207804. [PMID: 30475877 PMCID: PMC6257936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated plus maze (EPM) is routinely used in neuroscience research to evaluate emotional behavior in rodents by measuring general exploratory performance and avoidance of the aversive open arms of the maze. According to standard practice, behavior on the EPM is evaluated during a single trial to avoid the possibility of habituation to the apparatus that would result in lost sensitivity of key outcome measures. However, this possibility has not been systematically evaluated across repeated trials or across different environmental conditions. In the current study, we assessed within-subject behavior on the EPM in adult male rats over thirteen trials (tested twice weekly) repeated under identical conditions. We also assessed within-subject behavior on the EPM in adult male rats under dim (1 lux in the closed arm) and lit (246 lux in the closed arm) environmental conditions. We found that measures of general performance (basic movements and total distanced travelled throughout the maze) were stable across repeated trials and environmental conditions. We found that measures of open arm avoidance (distance travelled in, time spent in and entries in to the open arm) varied across trials and environmental conditions and were sensitive to the lighting conditions of the initial test. Though measures of open arm avoidance did show a linear trend indicative of habituation across repeated trials, this effect was variable across trials. Notably, preference for the open arm over the closed arm (measured as % of time spent in the open arm) assessed among individual animals occurred rarely and was never observed on the group level across the thirteen repeated trials. Together, these data demonstrate that measures of general performance such as basic movements and total distance traveled are robust to repeated testing and changing environmental lighting conditions. In contrast, measures of open arm avoidance show habituation with repeated testing and are sensitive to changing environmental lighting conditions. Based on these results, we suggest that within-subjects repeated testing on the EPM is valid in well-controlled studies that include an untreated control group to account for inter-trial variability and habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Schrader
- Veterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Performance Assessment and Chemical Evaluation (PACE) Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Rachel M. Taylor
- Performance Assessment and Chemical Evaluation (PACE) Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Emily G. Lowery-Gionta
- Performance Assessment and Chemical Evaluation (PACE) Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nicole L. T. Moore
- Performance Assessment and Chemical Evaluation (PACE) Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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Tejada J, Chaim KT, Morato S. X-PloRat: A Software for Scoring Animal Behavior in Enclosed Spaces. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present technical note introduces the X-PloRat, a software for the scoring of animal location, displacement, and other behavioral properties, in enclosed spaces. The X-PloRat offers a variety of data reports and can be used for training students in behavioral observation and in validating other kinds of scoring procedures.
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Ennaceur A, Chazot PL. Preclinical animal anxiety research - flaws and prejudices. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00223. [PMID: 27069634 PMCID: PMC4804324 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current tests of anxiety in mice and rats used in preclinical research include the elevated plus-maze (EPM) or zero-maze (EZM), the light/dark box (LDB), and the open-field (OF). They are currently very popular, and despite their poor achievements, they continue to exert considerable constraints on the development of novel approaches. Hence, a novel anxiety test needs to be compared with these traditional tests, and assessed against various factors that were identified as a source of their inconsistent and contradictory results. These constraints are very costly, and they are in most cases useless as they originate from flawed methodologies. In the present report, we argue that the EPM or EZM, LDB, and OF do not provide unequivocal measures of anxiety; that there is no evidence of motivation conflict involved in these tests. They can be considered at best, tests of natural preference for unlit and/or enclosed spaces. We also argued that pharmacological validation of a behavioral test is an inappropriate approach; it stems from the confusion of animal models of human behavior with animal models of pathophysiology. A behavioral test is developed to detect not to produce symptoms, and a drug is used to validate an identified physiological target. In order to overcome the major methodological flaws in animal anxiety studies, we proposed an open space anxiety test, a 3D maze, which is described here with highlights of its various advantages over to the traditional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul L. Chazot
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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Bashiri H, Rezayof A, Sahebgharani M, Tavangar SM, Zarrindast MR. Modulatory effects of the basolateral amygdala α2-adrenoceptors on nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours of rats in the elevated plus maze. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:478-486. [PMID: 26878830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to clarify whether α2-adrenoceptors of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated in the BLA and anxiety-like behaviours were assessed in an elevated plus maze (EPM) task. Systemic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nicotine (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased open arm time (%OAT) and open arm entry (%OAE), indicating the anxiogenic-like effect of nicotine. The activation of the BLA α2-adrenoceptors by the injection of α2-receptor agonist, clonidine (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 μg/rat) into the BLA (intra-BLA) reversed nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. It is important to note that intra-BLA injection of a higher dose of clonidine (0.5 μg/rat) by itself increased %OAT, but not %OAE which showed an anxiolytic effect of the agonist. On the other hand, intra-BLA injection of different doses of α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (1, 3 and 5 μg/rat) in combination with an ineffective dose of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) decreased %OAT and %OAE, suggesting a potentiative effect of the antagonist on nicotine response. In addition, intra-BLA injection of the same doses of yohimbine did not alter %OAT and %OAE. Interestingly, intra-BLA injection of yohimbine (0.5 and 1 μg/rat) significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of clonidine on nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. It should be considered that the drug treatments had no effect on locomotor activity in all experiments. Taken together, it can be concluded that nicotine produces anxiogenic-like behaviours which may be mediated through the BLA α2-adrenoceptor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bashiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Institute of Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
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Gerbils exhibit stable open-arms exploration across repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze. Behav Processes 2016; 122:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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