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Di X, Yan B, Liu J, Wu C, Yu X, Smith CL, Yang M. Transgenerational effects of multiple mating in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10189. [PMID: 37325727 PMCID: PMC10266576 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyandrous mating can result in sexual conflict and/or promote the evolution of mating patterns. Does multiple mating by females support the genetic benefits hypothesis and can it be validated as an evolutionary strategy? If we are to decipher the consequences of sexual interactions and understand the interplay of sexual conflict and multiple generational benefits, the transgenerational effects need to be followed over multiple generations. We investigated the effects of three mating patterns, single mating, repeated mating, and multiple mating, on parental Spodoptera litura copulation behavior, and then identified the impact on the development, survival, and fecundity of the F1 and F2 generations. Fecundity was not significantly affected in the F1 generation but was substantially enhanced in the F2 generation. There was a reversal of offspring fitness across the F2 generations from the F1 generations in progeny produced by multiple mating. In addition, the intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and net reproductive rate in the F1 generation the multiple mating treatment was significantly lower than in the single mating treatment, but there was no apparent effect on the F2 generation. Repeated mating had no significant effects on progeny fitness. We postulate that multiple mating imposes cross-transgenerational effects and may ultimately influence multigenerational fitness in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐yuan Di
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou UniversityMinistry of AgricultureGuiyangChina
| | - Bin Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou UniversityMinistry of AgricultureGuiyangChina
| | - Jian‐feng Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou UniversityMinistry of AgricultureGuiyangChina
| | - Cheng‐xu Wu
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiao‐fei Yu
- College of Tobacco ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Cecil L. Smith
- Georgia Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mao‐fa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou UniversityMinistry of AgricultureGuiyangChina
- College of Tobacco ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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2
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Breiner DJ, Whalen MR, Worthington AM. The developmental high wire: Balancing resource investment in immunity and reproduction. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8774. [PMID: 35414895 PMCID: PMC8986548 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategic allocation of resources into immunity poses a unique challenge for individuals, where infection at different stages of development may result in unique trade‐offs with concurrent physiological processes or future fitness‐enhancing traits. Here, we experimentally induced an immune challenge in female Gryllus firmus crickets to test whether illness at discrete life stages differentially impacts fitness. We injected heat‐killed Serratia marcescens bacteria into antepenultimate juveniles, penultimate juveniles, sexually immature adults, and sexually mature adults, and then measured body growth, instar duration, mating rate, viability of stored sperm, egg production, oviposition rate, and egg viability. Immune activation significantly impacted reproductive traits, where females that were immune challenged as adults had decreased mating success and decreased egg viability compared to healthy individuals or females that were immune challenged as juveniles. Although there was no effect of an immune challenge on the other traits measured, the stress of handling resulted in reduced mass gain and smaller adult body size in females from the juvenile treatments, and females in the adult treatments suffered from reduced viability of sperm stored within their spermatheca. In summary, we found that an immune challenge does have negative impacts on reproduction, but also that even minor acute stressors can have significant impacts on fitness‐enhancing traits. These findings highlight that the factors affecting fitness can be complex and at times unpredictable, and that the consequences of illness are specific to when during an individual's life an immune challenge is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Breiner
- Department of Biological Sciences Creighton University Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Matthew R. Whalen
- Department of Biological Sciences Creighton University Omaha Nebraska USA
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Amy M. Worthington
- Department of Biological Sciences Creighton University Omaha Nebraska USA
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Limberger GM, Esteves KP, Halal LM, Nery LEM, da Fonseca DB. Chronic immune challenge is detrimental to female survival, feeding behavior, and reproduction in the field cricket Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775). J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:423-434. [PMID: 35195757 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological trade-offs among expensive fitness-related traits, such as reproduction and immunity, are common in life histories of animals. An immune challenge can have different effects on female reproduction mediated by resource allocation and acquisition. In this study, employing a widely used method to challenge the insect immune system (nylon implant), we assessed the effects of mounting a chronic immune response simulating three successive immune assaults on survival and reproduction of mated females of Gryllus assimilis. We also verified feeding behavior following an implantation, which can be important in explaining trade-off dynamics in terms of energy acquisition. For this, three experimental groups were designed (Control, Sham, and Implant) with oviposition rates, egg morphometry, and nymph vigour observed over 3 weeks, at which ovarian mass and unlaid eggs were quantified from remaining individuals. The results showed that chronic implants were detrimental to female survival and reproduction throughout the experiments; Surgical Sham had no effect on survival compared to the control, but did on reproductive aspects such as oviposition rates and hatchling vigour. These negative effects on reproduction in Sham disappeared in the last experimental week, but still strong in the implanted females. Such immune challenge affected the feeding behavior of implanted females by reducing food consumption compared to control after infection, which is probably explained by illness-induced anorexia that takes place to maximize the immune system performance as a part of sickness behavior, exacerbating the adverse effects observed on reproduction (i.e., fewer and smaller eggs, and low vigour of nymphs) and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Lamia Marques Halal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
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4
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Mating duration and spermatophore transfer in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coccinellidae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Kelly CD, Adam-Granger É. Mating with sexually attractive males provides female Gryllus firmus field crickets with direct but not indirect fitness benefits. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Chu I, Koh C. When do looks matter? Effects of mate quality and environmental variability on lifetime reproduction. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Polyandrous mating increases offspring production and lifespan in female Drosophila arizonae. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Henshaw JM, Jennions MD, Kruuk LEB. How to quantify (the response to) sexual selection on traits. Evolution 2018; 72:1904-1917. [PMID: 30004126 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection operates via fitness components like mating success, fecundity, and longevity, which can be understood as intermediaries in the causal process linking traits to fitness. In particular, sexual selection occurs when traits influence mating or fertilization success, which, in turn, influences fitness. We show how to quantify both these steps in a single path analysis, leading to better estimates of the strength of sexual selection. Our model controls for confounding variables, such as body size or condition, when estimating the relationship between mating and reproductive success. Correspondingly, we define the Bateman gradient and the Jones index using partial rather than simple regressions, which better captures how they are commonly interpreted. The model can be applied both to purely phenotypic data and to quantitative genetic parameters estimated using information on relatedness. The phenotypic approach breaks down selection differentials into a sexually selected and a "remainder" component. The quantitative genetic approach decomposes the estimated evolutionary response to selection analogously. We apply our method to analyze sexual selection in male dusky pipefish, Syngnathus floridae, and in two simulated datasets. We highlight conceptual and statistical limitations of previous path-based approaches, which can lead to substantial misestimation of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Henshaw
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.,Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Loeske E B Kruuk
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
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10
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Croshaw DA, Pechmann JHK, Glenn TC. Multiple Paternity Benefits Female Marbled Salamanders by Increasing Survival of Progeny to Metamorphosis. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Croshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Drawer E Aiken SC USA
| | | | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science University of Georgia Athens GA USA
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11
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What makes a good mate? Factors influencing male and female reproductive success in a polyphagous moth. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Chelini MC, Hebets EA. Polyandry in the absence of fitness benefits in a species with female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Worthington AM, Kelly CD. Females gain survival benefits from immune-boosting ejaculates. Evolution 2016; 70:928-33. [PMID: 26920335 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Females in many animal taxa incur significant costs from mating in the form of injury or infection, which can drastically reduce survival. Therefore, immune function during reproduction can be important in determining lifetime fitness. Trade-offs between reproduction and immunity have been extensively studied, yet a growing number of studies demonstrate that mated females have a stronger immune response than virgins. Here, we use the Texas field cricket, Gryllus texensis, to test multiple hypotheses proposed to explain this postmating increase in immune function. Using host-resistance tests, we found that courtship, copulation, and accessory fluids alone do not affect female immunity; rather, only females that acquire intact ejaculates containing testes-derived components exhibit significant increases in survival after exposure to bacterial pathogens. Our data suggest that male-derived components originating from an intact ejaculate and transferred to females during sex are required for the increased immune function characteristic of mated female crickets to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Worthington
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011.
| | - Clint D Kelly
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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