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Centeno Filho BL, Limberger GM, Esteves KP, Fonseca DBD, Maciel FE. Mortality, metabolic rate, and oviposition of Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) females under constant and fluctuating warm temperatures. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103574. [PMID: 37209634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The global average temperature will increase by up to 5.7 °C, under high greenhouse gas emissions, consequently increasing the frequency of heatwaves, according to recent IPCC forecasts. These especially impacts ectotherms, such as insects, which are the most susceptible animals to changes in environmental temperature, affecting their physiology and reproduction. Thus, we investigated the effects of a 96-h exposure to constant temperatures (CT: 27, 30.5, 34, 39, 41, or 43 °C) and fluctuating temperatures (FT: 27/34 °C, 12/12 h) on the survival, metabolic rate, and oviposition of the female cricket Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Mortality, body mass and water content of females and males were quantified and compared. It was found that CT27, CT34 and FT27/34 do not cause mortality in females of G. (G.) assimilis. CT30.5 (average temperature between 27 and 34), despite causing mortality of 5.0 ± 3.5%, do not differ from CT27, CT34 or FT27/34. CT39 causes a mortality of 8.3 ± 5.5%. Estimated lethal temperature for 50% of the population of females (LT50Temp) is 40 °C, and 43 °C promotes 100% mortality in 96 h. Comparing mortality between sexes, females present higher LT50Temp and thermotolerance than males. In addition, FT27/34 and CT34 do not differ in the metabolic rate, but both have higher values than CT27. CT34 strongly reduces oviposition in females, however FT27/34 does not. We suggest that CT34 reduces oviposition in females in two ways: by affecting the endocrine system related to egg production, or by causing behavioral egg retention, as a strategy to survive thermal stress. Moreover, females had a higher wet body mass and present a lower average weight loss than males. In conclusion, despite females present a higher mortality at temperatures above 39 °C, they are more thermotolerant than males. Furthermore, CT34 is detrimental to the oviposition of G. (G.) assimilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaventura Lobo Centeno Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Kathellen Pintado Esteves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Duane Barros da Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Limberger GM, Esteves KP, Halal LM, Nery LEM, da Fonseca DB. Chronic immune challenge is detrimental to female survival, feeding behavior, and reproduction in the field cricket Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775). J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:423-434. [PMID: 35195757 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological trade-offs among expensive fitness-related traits, such as reproduction and immunity, are common in life histories of animals. An immune challenge can have different effects on female reproduction mediated by resource allocation and acquisition. In this study, employing a widely used method to challenge the insect immune system (nylon implant), we assessed the effects of mounting a chronic immune response simulating three successive immune assaults on survival and reproduction of mated females of Gryllus assimilis. We also verified feeding behavior following an implantation, which can be important in explaining trade-off dynamics in terms of energy acquisition. For this, three experimental groups were designed (Control, Sham, and Implant) with oviposition rates, egg morphometry, and nymph vigour observed over 3 weeks, at which ovarian mass and unlaid eggs were quantified from remaining individuals. The results showed that chronic implants were detrimental to female survival and reproduction throughout the experiments; Surgical Sham had no effect on survival compared to the control, but did on reproductive aspects such as oviposition rates and hatchling vigour. These negative effects on reproduction in Sham disappeared in the last experimental week, but still strong in the implanted females. Such immune challenge affected the feeding behavior of implanted females by reducing food consumption compared to control after infection, which is probably explained by illness-induced anorexia that takes place to maximize the immune system performance as a part of sickness behavior, exacerbating the adverse effects observed on reproduction (i.e., fewer and smaller eggs, and low vigour of nymphs) and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Lamia Marques Halal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
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Zacouteguy AMB, Limberger GM, de Oliveira PSC, da Fonseca DB, Bruch GE, Barros DM. The adverse effects of injected functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) on in vivo neurosecretory brain cells of Jamaican field cricket, Gryllus assimilis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:66968-66977. [PMID: 34244942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been increasingly more prevalent due to their use in product technology owing to their exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity and tensile strength because of their nanostructure and strength of the bonds among carbon atoms. The potential increase of CNTs in the environment is a concern, and studies to assess the toxic effects of these nanomaterials (NMs) are needed. However, so far, most of the studies are focused on aquatic species and much less is understood about the effects of NM in terrestrial organisms. This investigation used a functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) and the Jamaican cricket Gryllus assimilis to assess the effects of this NM. Cricket nymphs were injected with f-MWCNT suspension-at three different concentrations. The insecticide Fipronil was used as a positive control. Survival was monitored, and histological analysis was made in the brains. Pyknotic cells were quantified in two brain regions, a neurosecretory called Pars intercerebralis (PI), and an associative region called mushroom body (MB). No mortality was observed in any f-MWCNT concentration tested. A significant increase in pyknotic cells was observed as sub-lethal effect for the intermediate concentration of f-MWCNT, at PI, while any significant change was observed at the Kenyon cells of the MB. These results are discussed in the context of agglomeration and dispersion of the f-MWCNT at different concentrations, and availability of the f-MWCNT on the circulatory system, as well as the natural decay of pyknotic cells with time and different patterns of adult cricket neurogenesis. Our results showed that f-MWCNT had negative effects in the neurosecretory region of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maciel Bueno Zacouteguy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Eva Bruch
- Departamento de Física/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela Martí Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil.
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Brugnera R, Limberger GM, Campos LA, Grazia J. The eggs and nymphs of predatory stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): what do we know? ZOOLOGY 2021; 151:125991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Limberger GM, Nery LEM, Fonseca DBD. Reproductive Status Modulates Mortality Rate, Lifespan and Egg Production, but Do Not the Physiological Aging in the Field Cricket Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Neotrop Entomol 2021; 50:237-246. [PMID: 33594663 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reproduction are variable among insects, as well as the time of mate. In animals, a trade-off is usually observed between reproduction and self-maintenance, mostly in females because of egg producing costs. In the present investigation, manifestations of aging and senescence at population and cellular levels were studied associated with the mating opportunities. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of mating on lifespan and also on the physiological aging in adult Jamaican field cricket females, Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775). Three experimental groups were set: virgin, normal-mated (14 days old), and late-mated (30 days old) insects. Lifespan, age-specific mortality rate, number of eggs laid, and in situ amount of the age-pigment neurolipofuscin were quantified. Results showed a trade-off between reproductive females and lifespan, with the strongest effects found in late-mated. Age-specific mortality showed a faster increase for late-mated females from 35 to 50 days old, followed by normal-mated females (35 to 60 days old). Virgins had the lowest age-specific mortality of all, increasing just from 65 to 73 days old. Normal-mated had the highest number of eggs laid, followed by late-mated and virgins, respectively. Neurolipofuscin accumulation rate was similar among groups, which was reflected in similar physiological rate of aging. Results indicate that reproductive status did affect the life-history of these field cricket females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Limberger GM, Brugnera R, Fonseca DBD. Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Ascia monuste (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Micron 2021; 142:103000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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