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Homrani K, Volcher S, Lorphèvre ER, Demarbaix A, Odent J, Lorenzoni M, Spitaels L, Ducobu F. Investigation into Influence of Tensile Properties When Varying Print Settings of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Parts: Numerical Model and Validation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2253. [PMID: 39204473 PMCID: PMC11359424 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Material Extrusion (MEX), particularly Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is the most widespread among the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. To further its development, understanding the influence of the various printing parameters on the manufactured parts is required. The effects of varying the infill percentage, the number of layers of the top and bottom surfaces and the number of layers of the side surfaces on the tensile properties of the printed parts were studied by using a full factorial design. The tensile test results allowed a direct comparison of each of the three parameters' influence on the tensile properties of the parts to be conducted. Yield strength appears to be the most affected by the number of layers of the top and bottom surfaces, which has twice the impact of the number of layers of the side surfaces, which is already twice as impactful as the infill percentage. Young's modulus is the most influenced by the number of layers of the top and bottom surfaces, then by the infill percentage and finally by the number of layers of the side surfaces. Two mathematical models were considered in this work. The first one was a polynomial model, which allowed the yield strength to be calculated as a function of the three parameters mentioned previously. The coefficients of this model were obtained by performing tensile tests on nine groups of printed samples, each with different printing parameters. Each group consisted of three samples. A second simplified model was devised, replacing the numbers of layers on the side and top/bottom surfaces with their fractions of the cross-section surface area of the specimen. This model provided results with a better correlation with the experimental results. Further tests inside and outside the parameter ranges initially chosen for the model were performed. The experimental results aligned well with the predictions and made it possible to assess the accuracy of the model, indicating the latter to be sufficient and reliable. The accuracy of the model was assessed through the R2 value obtained, R2 = 92.47%. This was improved to R2 = 97.32% when discarding material infill as an input parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Homrani
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Steven Volcher
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Edouard Riviere Lorphèvre
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Anthonin Demarbaix
- Science and Technology Research Unit, Science and Technology Department, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut (HEPH), Condorcet University Square Hiernaux 2, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Jérémy Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Margaux Lorenzoni
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Spitaels
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - François Ducobu
- Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab, UMONS Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Hu X, Sansi Seukep AM, Senthooran V, Wu L, Wang L, Zhang C, Wang J. Progress of Polymer-Based Dielectric Composites Prepared Using Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2711. [PMID: 37836352 PMCID: PMC10574487 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based dielectric composites are of great importance in advanced electronic industries and energy storage because of their high dielectric constant, good processability, low weight, and low dielectric loss. FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is a greatly accessible additive manufacturing technology, which has a number of applications in the fabrication of RF components, but the unavoidable porosity in FDM 3D-printed materials, which affects the dielectric properties of the materials, and the difficulty of large-scale fabrication of composites by FDM limit its application scope. This study's main focus is on how the matrix, filler, interface, and FDM 3D printing parameters influence the electrical properties of FDM-printed polymer-based dielectric composites. This review article starts with the fundamental theory of dielectrics. It is followed by a summary of the factors influencing dielectric properties in recent research developments, as well as a projection for the future development of FDM-prepared polymer-based dielectric composites. Finally, improving the comprehensive performance of dielectric composites is an important direction for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Hu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
- CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (A.M.S.S.); (V.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Alix Marcelle Sansi Seukep
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (A.M.S.S.); (V.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Velmurugan Senthooran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (A.M.S.S.); (V.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (A.M.S.S.); (V.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China;
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry Engeering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianlei Wang
- CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (A.M.S.S.); (V.S.); (L.W.)
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Anwajler B, Zdybel E, Tomaszewska-Ciosk E. Innovative Polymer Composites with Natural Fillers Produced by Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)-A Literature Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3534. [PMID: 37688160 PMCID: PMC10489793 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plastics recycling has become one of the leading environmental and waste management issues. Along with the main advantage of plastics, which is undoubtedly their long life, the problem of managing their waste has arisen. Recycling is recognised as the preferred option for waste management, with the aim of reusing them to create new products using 3D printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging and evolving rapid tooling technology. With 3D printing, it is possible to achieve lightweight structures with high dimensional accuracy and reduce manufacturing costs for non-standard geometries. Currently, 3D printing research is moving towards the production of materials not only of pure polymers but also their composites. Bioplastics, especially those that are biodegradable and compostable, have emerged as an alternative for human development. This article provides a brief overview of the possibilities of using thermoplastic waste materials through the application of 3D printing, creating innovative materials from recycled and naturally derived materials, i.e., biomass (natural reinforcing fibres) in 3D printing. The materials produced from them are ecological, widely available and cost-effective. Research activities related to the production of bio-based materials have gradually increased over the last two decades, with the aim of reducing environmental problems. This article summarises the efforts made by researchers to discover new innovative materials for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anwajler
- Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zdybel
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.Z.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska-Ciosk
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.Z.); (E.T.-C.)
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Tommasino C, Auriemma G, Sardo C, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Garofalo E, Morello S, Falcone G, Aquino RP. 3D printed macroporous scaffolds of PCL and inulin-g-P(D,L)LA for bone tissue engineering applications. Int J Pharm 2023:123093. [PMID: 37268029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair and tissue-engineering (BTE) approaches require novel biomaterials to produce scaffolds with required structural and biological characteristics and enhanced performances with respect to those currently available. In this study, PCL/INU-PLA hybrid biomaterial was prepared by blending of the aliphatic polyester poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with the amphiphilic graft copolymer Inulin-g-poly(D,L)lactide (INU-PLA) synthetized from biodegradable inulin (INU) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The hybrid material was suitable to be processed using fused filament fabrication 3D printing (FFF-3DP) technique rendering macroporous scaffolds. PCL and INU-PLA were firstly blended as thin films through solvent-casting method, and then extruded by hot melt extrusion (HME) in form of filaments processable by FFF-3DP. The physicochemical characterization of the hybrid new material showed high homogeneity, improved surface wettability/hydrophilicity as compared to PCL alone, and right thermal properties for FFF process. The 3D printed scaffolds exhibited dimensional and structural parameters very close to those of the digital model, and mechanical performances compatible with the human trabecular bone. In addition, in comparison to PCL, hybrid scaffolds showed an enhancement of surface properties, swelling ability, and in vitro biodegradation rate. In vitro biocompatibility screening through hemolysis assay, LDH cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts, CCK-8 cell viability, and osteogenic activity (ALP evaluation) assays on human mesenchymal stem cells showed favorable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Tommasino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy. gauriemma%
| | - Carla Sardo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Emilia Garofalo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Falcone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Ni Z, Shi J, Li M, Lei W, Yu W. FDM 3D Printing and Soil-Burial-Degradation Behaviors of Residue of Astragalus Particles/Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102382. [PMID: 37242957 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus residue powder (ARP)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared by fused-deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing technology for the first time in this paper, and certain physico-mechanical properties and soil-burial-biodegradation behaviors of the biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that after raising the dosage of ARP, the tensile and flexural strengths, the elongation at break and the thermal stability of the sample decreased, while the tensile and flexural moduli increased; after raising the dosage of TPS, the tensile and flexural strengths, the elongation at break and the thermal stability all decreased. Among all of the samples, sample C-which was composed of 11 wt.% ARP, 10 wt.% TPS and 79 wt.% PLA-was the cheapest and also the most easily degraded in water. The soil-degradation-behavior analysis of sample C showed that, after being buried in soil, the surfaces of the samples became grey at first, then darkened, after which the smooth surfaces became rough and certain components were found to detach from the samples. After soil burial for 180 days, there was weight loss of 21.40%, and the flexural strength and modulus, as well as the storage modulus, reduced from 82.1 MPa, 11,922.16 MPa and 2395.3 MPa to 47.6 MPa, 6653.92 MPa and 1476.5 MPa, respectively. Soil burial had little effect on the glass transition, cold crystallization or melting temperatures, while it reduced the crystallinity of the samples. It is concluded that the FDM 3D-printed ARP/TPS/PLA biocomposites are easy to degrade in soil conditions. This study developed a new kind of thoroughly degradable biocomposite for FDM 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Ni
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianan Shi
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wangwang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Cakir Yigit N, Karagoz I. A review of recent advances in bio-based polymer composite filaments for 3D printing. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2023.2190799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Cakir Yigit
- Polymer Materials Engineering Department, Yalova University, Yalova, Türkiye
| | - Idris Karagoz
- Polymer Materials Engineering Department, Yalova University, Yalova, Türkiye
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7
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Zhang H, Zhou Z, Gao X, Fan T, Chen Y, Wang H. Enhanced mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication copolyester by continuous carbon fiber in‐situ reinforcement. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Tianxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Ye Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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8
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Nanoarchitectonics of Starch Nanoparticles Rosin Catalyzed by Algerian Natural Montmorillonite (Maghnite-H+) for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gruber SMS, Murab S, Ghosh P, Whitlock PW, Lin CYJ. Direct 3D printing of decellularized matrix embedded composite polycaprolactone scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213052. [PMID: 35930819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for large osteochondral injuries (OCIs) are limited by donor tissue scarcity, morbidity, and anatomic mismatch. 3D printing technology can produce patient-specific scaffolds to address these large defects. Thermoplastics like polycaprolactone (PCL) offer necessary mechanical properties, but lack bioactivity. We fabricated 3D printed PCL scaffolds embedded with polylactic acid microspheres containing decellularized cartilage matrix (DM). DM incorporation within polylactic acid microspheres prevented its thermal degradation during the 3D printing process. The scaffolds replicated the mechanical properties of native cartilage and demonstrated controlled release of DM proteins. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the composite scaffolds with DM and cultured in basal media self-assembled into aggregates mimicking mesenchymal condensates during embryonic development. The DM composite scaffolds also induced higher expression of biochemical markers of cartilage development than controls, providing evidence for their translational application in the treatment of OCIs. The present study demonstrates the potential of direct incorporation of DM with thermoplastics for 3D printing of patient-specific scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M S Gruber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sumit Murab
- BioX Centre, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick W Whitlock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Ying J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Thermoplastic starch based blends as a highly renewable filament for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:175-184. [PMID: 35926678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology is considered as a highly flexible method which can achieve a various customized end products. The employment of bio-based materials can significantly decrease the environmental footprint of the end 3D printing products. This study presents the preparation of thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composite that dedicated for the FDM 3D printing technology, the ratio of TPS:PLA:PBAT was fixed at 50:40:10 wt%. In addition, the chain extender ADR4468 (CE) was added to improve the brittleness of the blends to obtain better 3D printing filament. The mechanical properties of blends were improved by the addition of CE with 113 % increase in elongation at break and the 190 % raise in impact strength. Dynamic rheological analysis showed the maximum degree of complex viscosity and melt strength when the content of CE reached 1 wt%. The successful printability of TPS-based filament was demonstrated by accurate and complex printing samples. This paper provided a method to prepare highly renewable filaments for 3D printing.
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Grivet-Brancot A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200039. [PMID: 35488769 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing techniques experienced a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition and physico-chemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermo-plastic poly(ester urethane)s and their blends has been thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grivet-Brancot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
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Čanji-Panić J, Todorović N, Stjepanović A, Lalić-Popović M. The potential of natural products use in fused deposition modeling 3D printing of pharmaceutical dosage forms. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-40155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in 3D printing of medicines has increased due to many advantages of this technology, such as flexibility of the dose and dosage form of the printed product. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most popular 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, due to its low cost and simplicity. The subject of this review is the potential use of natural products as biodegradable and biocompatible materials with good safety profiles in FDM 3D printing of pharmaceuticals. Natural products such as alginate, chitosan and starch have already been employed as excipients in FDM 3D printed pharmaceutical dosage forms, while others like shellac and zein show the potential, but haven't yet been part of 3D printed pharmaceutical formulations. These excipients have different roles in the formulation of filaments for FDM 3D printing, for example as fillers, matrix carriers or drug-release modifiers. In addition, the possibility of incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients of natural origin in filaments for FDM 3D printing was reviewed. High printing temperatures limit the use of natural products in FDM 3D printing. However, adequate selection of thermoplastic material and printing parameters can widen the use of natural products in FDM 3D printing of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Sampath S, Jaisankar SN, Popat KC, Selvakumar R, Krishnakumar GS. Recent trends in natural polysaccharide based bioinks for multiscale 3D printing in tissue regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:564-588. [PMID: 33933542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication by three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an attractive technology in harnessing the possibility to print anatomical shaped native tissues with controlled architecture and resolution. 3D printing offers the possibility to reproduce complex microarchitecture of native tissues by printing live cells in a layer by layer deposition to provide a biomimetic structural environment for tissue formation and host tissue integration. Plant based biomaterials derived from green and sustainable sources have represented to emulate native physicochemical and biological cues in order to direct specific cellular response and formation of new tissues through biomolecular recognition patterns. This comprehensive review aims to analyze and identify the most commonly used plant based bioinks for 3D printing applications. An overview on the role of different plant based biomaterial of terrestrial origin (Starch, Nanocellulose and Pectin) and marine origin (Ulvan, Alginate, Fucoidan, Agarose and Carrageenan) used for 3D printing applications are discussed elaborately. Furthermore, this review will also emphasis in the functional aspects of different 3D printers, appropriate printing material, merits and demerits of numerous plant based bioinks in developing 3D printed tissue-like constructs. Additionally, the underlying potential benefits, limitations and future perspectives of plant based bioinks for tissue engineering (TE) applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowndarya Sampath
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Jaisankar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Biomaterial Surface Micro/Nanoengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering/School of Biomedical Engineering/School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado-80523, USA
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang J, Ren H, Jiang Y, Wu X, Ren J. Technique Advances in Enteroatmospheric Fistula Isolation After Open Abdomen: A Review and Outlook. Front Surg 2021; 7:559443. [PMID: 33553237 PMCID: PMC7855170 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.559443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) after open abdomen adds difficulties to the management and increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. As an effective measurement, reconstructing gastrointestinal tract integrity not only reduces digestive juice wasting and wound contamination, but also allows expedient restoration of enteral nutrition and intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we introduce several technologies for the temporary isolation of EAF, including negative pressure wound therapy, fistuloclysis, fistula patch, surgical covered stent, three-dimensional (3D) printing stent, and injection molding stent. The manufacture and implantation procedures of each technique with their pros and cons are described in detail. Moreover, the approach in combination with finger measurement, x-ray imaging, and computerized tomography is used to measure anatomic parameters of fistula and design appropriate 3D printer-recognizable stereolithography files for production of isolation devices. Given the active roles that engineers playing in the technology development, we call on the cooperation between clinicians and engineers and the organization of clinical trials on these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Widely accessible 3D printing technologies in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceutics: applications, materials and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cubo-Mateo N, Rodríguez-Lorenzo LM. Design of Thermoplastic 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Influence of Parameters of "Hidden" Importance in the Physical Properties of Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1546. [PMID: 32668729 PMCID: PMC7408024 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are becoming the approaches of choice for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, the development of 3D printing in this field brings unique challenges, which must be accounted for in the design of experiments. The common printing process parameters must be considered as important factors in the design and quality of final 3D-printed products. In this work, we study the influence of some parameters in the design and fabrication of PCL scaffolds, such as the number and orientation of layers, but also others of "hidden" importance, such as the cooling down rate while printing, or the position of the starting point in each layer. These factors can have an important impact oin the final porosity and mechanical performance of the scaffolds. A pure polycaprolactone filament was used. Three different configurations were selected for the design of the internal structure of the scaffolds: a solid one with alternate layers (solid) (0°, 90°), a porous one with 30% infill and alternate layers (ALT) (0°, 90°) and a non-alternated configuration consisting in printing three piled layers before changing the orientation (n-ALT) (0°, 0°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 90°). The nozzle temperature was set to 172 °C for printing and the build plate to 40 °C. Strand diameters of 361 ± 26 µm for room temperature cooling down and of 290 ± 30 µm for forced cooling down, were obtained. A compression elastic modulus of 2.12 ± 0.31 MPa for n-ALT and 8.58 ± 0.14 MPa for ALT scaffolds were obtained. The cooling down rate has been observed as an important parameter for the final characteristics of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Cubo-Mateo
- Sensors and Ultrasonic Systems Department, Institute for Physical and Information Technologies, ITEFI-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Li H, Pan S, Xia P, Chang Y, Fu C, Kong W, Yu Z, Wang K, Yang X, Qi Z. Advances in the application of gold nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:14. [PMID: 32391080 PMCID: PMC7201659 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The materials used in bone tissue engineering (BTE) have been advancing with each passing day. With the continuous development of nanomedicine, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which are easy to be synthesized and functionalized, have attracted increasing attention. Recent years have witnessed this amazing material, i.e., GNPs characterized with large surface area to volume ratio, biocompatibility, medical imaging property, hypotoxicity, translocation into the cells, high reactivity, and other properties, perform distinct functions in BTE. However, the low stability of GNPs in the biotic environment makes them in the requirements of modification or recombination before being used. After being combined with the advantages of other materials, the structures of GNPs have exhibited great potential in stem cells, scaffolds, delivery systems, medical imaging, and other aspects. This review will focus on the advances in the application of GNPs after modification or recombination with other materials to BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Weijian Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Ziyuan Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
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