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Li S, Xu Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Lei D, Zang G, Wang G. Recent advances of mechanosensitive genes in vascular endothelial cells for the formation and treatment of atherosclerosis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101046. [PMID: 38292174 PMCID: PMC10825297 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications are a high-incidence disease worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that blood flow shear has a huge impact on the function of vascular endothelial cells, and it plays an important role in gene regulation of pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, pro-oxidative stress, and cell permeability. Many important endothelial cell mechanosensitive genes have been discovered, including KLK10, CCN gene family, NRP2, YAP, TAZ, HIF-1α, NF-κB, FOS, JUN, TFEB, KLF2/KLF4, NRF2, and ID1. Some of them have been intensively studied, whereas the relevant regulatory mechanism of other genes remains unclear. Focusing on these mechanosensitive genes will provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thus, this article reviews the mechanosensitive genes affecting vascular endothelial cells, including classical pathways and some newly screened genes, and summarizes the latest research progress on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to reveal effective therapeutic targets of drugs and provide new insights for anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zichen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yanghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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2
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Yan M, Wang H, Wei R, Li W. Arsenic trioxide: applications, mechanisms of action, toxicity and rescue strategies to date. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:249-271. [PMID: 38147202 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenical medicine has obtained its status in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years. In the 1970s, arsenic trioxide was identified to have high efficacy and potency for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, which promoted many studies on the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide. Currently, arsenic trioxide is widely used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and various solid tumors through various mechanisms of action in clinical practice; however, it is accompanied by a series of adverse reactions, especially cardiac toxicity. This review presents a comprehensive overview of arsenic trioxide from preclinical and clinical efficacy, potential mechanisms of action, toxicities, and rescue strategies for toxicities to provide guidance or assistance for the clinical application of arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Pharmacy Department, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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3
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Xu C, Zhang N, Yuan H, Wang L, Li Y. Sacubitril/valsartan inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through notch signaling and ERK1/2 pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:106. [PMID: 38355423 PMCID: PMC10865611 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the role and mechanism of Notch signaling and ERK1/2 pathway in the inhibitory effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). MAIN METHODS Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) were cultured in vitro. The proliferating VSMCs were divided into three groups as control group, Ang II group and Ang II + sacubitril/valsartan group. Cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK8 and scratch test respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of PCNA, MMP-9, Notch1 and Jagged-1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The p-ERK1/2 expression was detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the control group, proliferation and migration of VSMCs and the expression of PCNA, MMP-9, Notch1, Jagged-1 and p-ERK1/2 was increased in Ang II group. Sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduced the proliferation and migration. Additionally, pretreatment with sacubitril/valsartan reduced the PCNA, MMP-9, Notch1, Jagged-1 and p-ERK1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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赵 川, 王 湘, 王 贵. [Hot Topics and Emerging Trends in Mechanobiology Research]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:1-5. [PMID: 38322522 PMCID: PMC10839494 DOI: 10.12182/20240160104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiology focuses on a series of important physiopathological processes, such as how cells perceive different mechanomechanical stimuli, the process of intracellular mechanotransduction, and how mechanical signals determine the behavior and fate of cells. From the initial stage of embryogenesis, to developmental biology and regenerative medicine, or even through the whole life process, mechanical signaling cascades and cellular mechanical responses in mechanobiology are of great significance in biomedical research. In recent years, research in the field of mechanobiology has undergone remarkable development. Several scientific consortia around the world have been analyzing mechanobiological processes from different perspectives, aiming to gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which mechanical factors affect cell fate determination. In this article, we summarized and reviewed the topics that have attracted more research interests in recent years in the field of mechanobiology, for example, arterial blood vessels, stem cell, and ion channel. We also discussed the potential trends that may emerge, such as nuclear deformation, fibrous extracellular matrix, tumor mechanobiology, cellular mechanotransduction, and piezo ion channels. In addition, we put forward new ideas concerning the limitations of mechanism research and the importance of big data analysis and mining in this field, thereby providing objective support and a systematic framework for grasping the hot research topics and exploring new research directions in the field of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- 川榕 赵
- 重庆大学生物工程学院,生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室,血管植入物开发国家地方联合工程实验室 (重庆 400045)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Chongqing 400045, China
- 金凤实验室 (重庆 401329)JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - 湘秀 王
- 重庆大学生物工程学院,生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室,血管植入物开发国家地方联合工程实验室 (重庆 400045)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Chongqing 400045, China
- 金凤实验室 (重庆 401329)JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - 贵学 王
- 重庆大学生物工程学院,生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室,血管植入物开发国家地方联合工程实验室 (重庆 400045)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Chongqing 400045, China
- 金凤实验室 (重庆 401329)JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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5
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Kapnisis K, Stylianou A, Kokkinidou D, Martin A, Wang D, Anderson PG, Prokopi M, Papastefanou C, Brott BC, Lemons JE, Anayiotos A. Multilevel Assessment of Stent-Induced Inflammation in the Adjacent Vascular Tissue. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4747-4760. [PMID: 37480152 PMCID: PMC10428095 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration report presented the currently available scientific information related to biological response to metal implants. In this work, a multilevel approach was employed to assess the implant-induced and biocorrosion-related inflammation in the adjacent vascular tissue using a mouse stent implantation model. The implications of biocorrosion on peri-implant tissue were assessed at the macroscopic level via in vivo imaging and histomorphology. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase activity, colocalized with the site of implantation, and histological staining indicated that stent surface condition and implantation time affect the inflammatory response and subsequent formation and extent of neointima. Hematological measurements also demonstrated that accumulated metal particle contamination in blood samples from corroded-stetted mice causes a stronger immune response. At the cellular level, the stent-induced alterations in the nanostructure, cytoskeleton, and mechanical properties of circulating lymphocytes were investigated. It was found that cells from corroded-stented samples exhibited higher stiffness, in terms of Young's modulus values, compared to noncorroded and sham-stented samples. Nanomechanical modifications were also accompanied by cellular remodeling, through alterations in cell morphology and stress (F-actin) fiber characteristics. Our analysis indicates that surface wear and elevated metal particle contamination, prompted by corroded stents, may contribute to the inflammatory response and the multifactorial process of in-stent restenosis. The results also suggest that circulating lymphocytes could be a novel nanomechanical biomarker for peri-implant tissue inflammation and possibly the early stage of in-stent restenosis. Large-scale studies are warranted to further investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- School
of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Despoina Kokkinidou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Adam Martin
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Peter G. Anderson
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | | | - Brigitta C. Brott
- Department
of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Jack E. Lemons
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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Li J, Li X, Song S, Sun Z, Li Y, Yang L, Xie Z, Cai Y, Zhao Y. Mitochondria spatially and temporally modulate VSMC phenotypes via interacting with cytoskeleton in cardiovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102778. [PMID: 37321061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (AS) seriously endanger human health, which is closely related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes. VSMC phenotypic transformation is marked by the alteration of phenotypic marker expression and cellular behaviour. Intriguingly, the mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics altered during VSMC phenotypic transformation. Firstly, this review combs VSMC mitochondrial metabolism in three aspects: mitochondrial ROS generation, mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and calcium metabolism respectively. Secondly, we summarized the role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulating VSMC phenotypes. We further emphasized the association between mitochondria and cytoskelton via presenting cytoskeletal support during mitochondrial dynamics process, and discussed its impact on their respective dynamics. Finally, considering that both mitochondria and cytoskeleton are mechano-sensitive organelles, we demonstrated their direct and indirect interaction under extracellular mechanical stimuli through several mechano-sensitive signaling pathways. We additionally discussed related researches in other cell types in order to inspire deeper thinking and reasonable speculation of potential regulatory mechanism in VSMC phenotypic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sijie Song
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Long Yang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenhong Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yikui Cai
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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7
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Gąsior G, Grodzicka M, Jędrzejewski T, Wiśniewski M, Radtke A. Comparative Study of Porous Iron Foams for Biodegradable Implants: Structural Analysis and In Vitro Assessment. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37367257 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metal systems are the future of modern implantology. This publication describes the preparation of porous iron-based materials using a simple, affordable replica method on a polymeric template. We obtained two iron-based materials with different pore sizes for potential application in cardiac surgery implants. The materials were compared in terms of their corrosion rate (using immersion and electrochemical methods) and their cytotoxic activity (indirect test on three cell lines: mouse L929 fibroblasts, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAMSC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)). Our research proved that the material being too porous might have a toxic effect on cell lines due to rapid corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gąsior
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marlena Grodzicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska Street 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Radtke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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8
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Structural and temporal dynamics analysis on drug-eluting stents: History, research hotspots and emerging trends. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:170-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Fang F, Xiao C, Li C, Liu X, Li S. Tuning macrophages for atherosclerosis treatment. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac103. [PMID: 36683743 PMCID: PMC9845526 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Macrophages play an important role in inflammatory responses, cell-cell communications, plaque growth and plaque rupture in atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we review the sources, functions and complex phenotypes of macrophages in the progression of atherosclerosis, and discuss the recent approaches in modulating macrophage phenotype and autophagy for atherosclerosis treatment. We then focus on the drug delivery strategies that target macrophages or use macrophage membrane-coated particles to deliver therapeutics to the lesion sites. These biomaterial-based approaches that target, modulate or engineer macrophages have broad applications for disease therapies and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Crystal Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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10
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Obaid EAMS, Wu S, Zhong Y, Yan M, Zhu L, Li B, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang G. pH-Responsive hyaluronic acid-enveloped ZIF-8 nanoparticles for anti-atherosclerosis therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4837-4847. [PMID: 35858474 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines represent new promising strategies for treating atherosclerosis (AS), because they enhance drug bioavailability and have lower side effects. Nevertheless, nanomedicines have several challenges with these advantages, including a limited circulation life, lack of precise targeting, and insufficient control of drug release. Accordingly, the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) with abilities to enhance the payload delivery to the AS plaque lesion and to control drug release can boost the therapeutic efficacy and safety for AS treatment. Herein, we employed a one-step self-assembly approach for effectively encapsulating the anti-AS drug simvastatin (SIM) in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) (SIM/ZIF-8), and then coated it with hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate the SIM/ZIF-8@HA nanoplatform. The resulting nanoplatform could efficiently accumulate in plaque regions through the specific recognition between HA and CD44. Meanwhile, the acid environment breaks down ZIF-8 to release SIM. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that SIM/ZIF-8@HA could inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and have good biocompatibility. Moreover, SIM/ZIF-8@HA can effectively suppress the development of AS plaques without any considerable side effects in mice treatments. The findings revealed that SIM/ZIF-8@HA may be a promising nanomedicine for safe and efficient anti-AS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Abdo Mohammed Saad Obaid
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Bibo Li
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. .,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center at Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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11
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Rodríguez A, Barroso P, Olmo A, Yúfera A. Bioimpedance Sensing of Implanted Stent Occlusions: Smart Stent. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:416. [PMID: 35735563 PMCID: PMC9221340 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common diseases in developed countries and affects a large part of the population of developing countries. Preventing restenosis in patients with implanted stents is an important current medical problem. The purpose of this work is to analyse the viability of bioimpedance sensing to detect the formation of atheromatous plaque in an implantable stent. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics were performed to analyse the performance of the proposed bioimpedance sensing system, based on the Sheffield technique. Both non-pathological and pathological models (with atheromatous plaque), including the flow of blood were considered. Simulations with the non-pathological model showed a homogeneous distribution of the measured current intensity in the different electrodes, for every configuration. On the other hand, simulations with the pathological model showed a significant decrease of the measured current intensity in the electrodes close to the simulated atheromatous plaque. The presence of the atheromatous plaque can, therefore, be detected by the system with a simple algorithm, avoiding the full reconstruction of the image and the subsequent computational processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.R.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pablo Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada III, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.R.); (A.Y.)
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.R.); (A.Y.)
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12
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Zhang B, Qin Y, Wang Y. A nitric oxide-eluting and REDV peptide-conjugated coating promotes vascular healing. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121478. [PMID: 35366606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) placement remarkably reduces the over-proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and thus neointimal hyperplasia. However, the pharmacological agent also slows down the re-endothelization, delays injury vascular healing and increases the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Here, inspired by mussel foot proteins (Mfps), a mimicking endothelium functional stent coating was efficiently fabricated by thiol-ene "click" reaction, consisting of catechol grafted chitosan (CS-C), zinc sulfate, and Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide. The mimicking endothelium coating could continuously catalyze endogenous nitric oxide (NO) gas and maintain the bioactivity of REDV peptide. Compared with bare stents, the mimicking coatings significantly inhibited the acute thrombosis for the first 1-week, accelerated re-endothelization and decreased in-stent restenosis for 1- and 3-month after implantation. In addition, the synergistic effect of NO and REDV peptide also regulated inflammation response and promoted the expression of muscle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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13
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Yin T, Du R, Wang Y, Huang J, Ge S, Huang Y, Tan Y, Liu Q, Chen Z, Feng H, Du J, Wang Y, Wang G. Two-stage degradation and novel functional endothelium characteristics of a 3-D printed bioresorbable scaffold. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:378-396. [PMID: 34901554 PMCID: PMC8636822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioresorbable scaffolds have emerged as a new generation of vascular implants for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and designed to provide a temporary scaffold that is subsequently absorbed by blood vessels over time. Presently, there is insufficient data on the biological and mechanical responses of blood vessels accompanied by bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the inflexion point of degradation, the response of blood vessels, and the pathophysiological process of vascular, as results of such studies will be of great value for the design of next generation of BRS. In this study, abdominal aortas of SD rats were received 3-D printed poly-l-actide vascular scaffolds (PLS) for various durations up to 12 months. The response of PLS implanted aorta went through two distinct processes: (1) the neointima with desirable barrier function was obtained in 1 month, accompanied with slow degradation, inflammation, and intimal hyperplasia; (2) significant degradation occurred from 6 months, accompanied with decreasing inflammation and intimal hyperplasia, while the extracellular matrix recovered to normal vessels which indicate the positive remodeling. These in vivo results indicate that 6 months is a key turning point. This “two-stage degradation and vascular characteristics” is proposed to elucidate the long-term effects of PLS on vascular repair and demonstrated the potential of PLS in promoting endothelium function and positive remodeling, which highlights the benefits of PLS and shed some light in the future researches, such as drug combination coatings design. Proposed two-stage degradation of a PLLA BRS to reveal distinct neointimal recovery and vascular responsive processes. Revealed novel benefits of BRS, including fine endothelium function, anti-thrombosis, and anti-inflammatory. Drug combination coatings should be designed concerning special degradation of BRS and the key turning point, 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ruolin Du
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Junyang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Medical Technologies Inc., Beijing, 102609, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- Beijing Advanced Medical Technologies Inc., Beijing, 102609, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Ave, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.,School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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14
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Wang J, Qian HL, Chen SY, Huang WP, Huang DN, Hao HY, Ren KF, Wang YB, Fu GS, Ji J. miR-22 eluting cardiovascular stent based on a self-healable spongy coating inhibits in-stent restenosis. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4686-4696. [PMID: 34095625 PMCID: PMC8164007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-stent restenosis (IRS) after the percutaneous coronary intervention contributes to the major treatment failure of stent implantation. MicroRNAs have been revealed as powerful gene medicine to regulate endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in response to vascular injury, providing a promising therapeutic candidate to inhibit IRS. However, the controllable loading and eluting of hydrophilic bioactive microRNAs pose a challenge to current lipophilic stent coatings. Here, we developed a microRNA eluting cardiovascular stent via the self-healing encapsulation process based on an amphipathic poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL, PCEC) triblock copolymer spongy network. The miR-22 was used as a model microRNA to regulate SMC. The dynamic porous coating realized the uniform and controllable loading of miR-22, reaching the highest dosage of 133 pmol cm-2. We demonstrated that the sustained release of miR-22 dramatically enhanced the contractile phenotype of SMC without interfering with the proliferation of EC, thus leading to the EC dominating growth at an EC/SMC ratio of 5.4. More importantly, the PCEC@miR-22 coated stents showed reduced inflammation, low switching of SMC phenotype, and low secretion of extracellular matrix, which significantly inhibited IRS. This work provides a simple and robust coating platform for the delivery of microRNAs on cardiovascular stent, which may extend to other combination medical devices, and facilitate practical application of bioactive agents in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hong-Lin Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wei-Pin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dan-Ni Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hong-Ye Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yun-Bing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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15
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Jeong K, Murphy JM, Kim JH, Campbell PM, Park H, Rodriguez Y, Choi C, Kim JS, Park S, Kim HJ, Scammell JG, Weber DS, Honkanen RE, Schlaepfer DD, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. FAK Activation Promotes SMC Dedifferentiation via Increased DNA Methylation in Contractile Genes. Circ Res 2021; 129:e215-e233. [PMID: 34702049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity and can undergo dedifferentiation upon pathological stimuli associated with disease and interventions. Objective: Although epigenetic changes are critical in SMC phenotype switching, a fundamental regulator that governs the epigenetic machineries regulating the fate of SMC phenotype has not been elucidated. Methods and Results: Using SMCs, mouse models, and human atherosclerosis specimens, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation elicits SMC dedifferentiation by stabilizing DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A). FAK in SMCs is activated in the cytoplasm upon serum stimulation in vitro or vessel injury and active FAK prevents DNMT3A from nuclear FAK-mediated degradation. However, pharmacological or genetic FAK catalytic inhibition forced FAK nuclear localization, which reduced DNMT3A protein via enhanced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Reduced DNMT3A protein led to DNA hypomethylation in contractile gene promoters, which increased SMC contractile protein expression. RNA sequencing identified SMC contractile genes as a foremost upregulated group by FAK inhibition from injured femoral artery samples compared to vehicle group. DNMT3A knockdown in injured arteries reduced DNA methylation and enhanced contractile gene expression supports the notion that nuclear FAK-mediated DNMT3A degradation via E3 ligase TRAF6 drives differentiation of SMCs. Furthermore, we observed that SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions exhibited decreased nuclear FAK, which was associated with increased DNMT3A levels and decreased contractile gene expression. Conclusions: This study reveals that nuclear FAK induced by FAK catalytic inhibition specifically suppresses DNMT3A expression in injured vessels resulting in maintaining SMC differentiation by promoting the contractile gene expression. Thus, FAK inhibitors may provide a new treatment option to block SMC phenotypic switching during vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - James M Murphy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hyeonsoo Park
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yelitza Rodriguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Chungsik Choi
- Physiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sangwon Park
- Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Jonathan G Scammell
- Comparative Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - David S Weber
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Biochemistry and Molecualr Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
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16
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Rumanti AP, Maruf A, Liu H, Ge S, Lei D, Wang G. Engineered bioresponsive nanotherapeutics: recent advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis and ischemic-related disease. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4804-4825. [PMID: 34085084 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological stimuli that are present during the pathogenesis of disease have gained considerable interest as a critical element for the design of smart drug delivery systems. Recently, the utilization of biological stimuli-responsive (bioresponsive) nanotheranostic agents to treat atherosclerosis and ischemic-related diseases has demonstrated significant outcomes in preclinical studies. Those diseases share similar hallmarks, including high levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), low pH, and high enzyme activity. Interestingly, other relevant biological stimuli such as shear stress, cholesterol, and glutathione have recently been explored as internal stimuli to trigger drug release and some particular actions. In addition, a number of strategies can be proposed to enhance their targeting efficiency, diagnostic properties, and efficacy rate. This review discusses recent advancements in the preclinical studies of bioresponsive nanotherapeutics as diagnostic and therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis and ischemic-related diseases as well as some potential strategies to overcome the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Pratiwi Rumanti
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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17
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Zhuang Y, Zhang C, Cheng M, Huang J, Liu Q, Yuan G, Lin K, Yu H. Challenges and strategies for in situ endothelialization and long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1791-1809. [PMID: 33336112 PMCID: PMC7721596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of ischemic necrosis of tissue and organ, which even result in dysfunction and death. Vascular regeneration or artificial vascular graft, as the conventional treatment modality, has received keen attentions. However, small-diameter (diameter < 4 mm) vascular grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH), which makes long-term lumen patency challengeable. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner endothelium layer, and are crucial for anti-coagulation and thrombogenesis. Thus, promoting in situ endothelialization in vascular graft remodeling takes top priority, which requires recruitment of endothelia progenitor cells (EPCs), migration, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs. Chemotaxis aimed at ligands on EPC surface can be utilized for EPC homing, while nanofibrous structure, biocompatible surface and cell-capturing molecules on graft surface can be applied for cell adhesion. Moreover, cell orientation can be regulated by topography of scaffold, and cell bioactivity can be modulated by growth factors and therapeutic genes. Additionally, surface modification can also reduce thrombogenesis, and some drug release can inhibit IH. Considering the influence of macrophages on ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), scaffolds loaded with drugs that can promote M2 polarization are alternative strategies. In conclusion, the advanced strategies for enhanced long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts are summarized in this review. Strategies for recruitment of EPCs, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs, anti-thrombogenesis, anti-IH, and immunomodulation are discussed. Ideal vascular grafts with appropriate surface modification, loading and fabrication strategies are required in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mengjia Cheng
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyang Huang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qingcheng Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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