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Huang D, Rao D, Jin Q, Lai M, Zhang J, Lai Z, Shen H, Zhong T. Role of CD147 in the development and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149931. [PMID: 37090718 PMCID: PMC10115957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC is characterized by insidious onset, and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Identification of biomarkers for HCC onset and progression is imperative to development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. CD147 is a glycoprotein that is involved in tumor cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we describe the molecular structure of CD147 and its role in regulating HCC invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. We highlight its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dingyu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mi Lai
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhonghong Lai
- Department of traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haibin Shen
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Shen, ; Tianyu Zhong,
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Shen, ; Tianyu Zhong,
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Wang SJ, Chao D, Wei W, Nan G, Li JY, Liu FL, Li L, Jiang JL, Cui HY, Chen ZN. CD147 promotes collective invasion through cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:145. [PMID: 32727598 PMCID: PMC7391525 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that solid tumors display the features of collective invasion, however, the molecular mechanisms are far from clear. This study aims to verify the role and the underlying mechanisms of CD147 in collective invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Immunostaining was used to analyze human hepatocellular carcinoma specimens and three-dimensional cultures. Three-dimensional invasion model was established to mimic in vivo invasion. RNA-sequencing was used to identify downstream effectors. Results Human hepatocellular carcinoma underwent collective invasion and CD147 was observed to be upregulated at the invasive front of tumor cell groups. CD147 was demonstrated to promote collective invasion using the modified three-dimensional invasion model, which recapitulated the main features of collective invasion. Through transcriptome analysis and enzyme activity assay, we found that CD147 enhanced cathepsin B expression and activity. Upregulated cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinoma cells facilitated migration and invasion, which mediated CD147-induced invasive phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma. In terms of mechanism, we found that CD147 promoted cathepsin B transcription by activating β-catenin signaling as a result of reduced GSK-3β expression. Furthermore, we found that elevated expression of CD147 as well as cathepsin B were correlated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions CD147 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells collective invasion via upregulating cathepsin B expression and targeting CD147 would be valuable for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against invasion and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chao
- Department of thoracic surgery, the 940th hospital of joint logistics support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yue Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Ling Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
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Yang S, Qi F, Tang C, Wang H, Qin H, Li X, Li J, Wang W, Zhao C, Gao H. CD147 promotes the proliferation, invasiveness, migration and angiogenesis of human lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:898-904. [PMID: 28356976 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 147 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed at the tumor cell surface, which stimulates fibroblasts to produce a large number of matrix metalloproteinases and promotes tumor invasion and metastasis and tumor-induced angiogenesis. The present study investigated the functions and the role of CD147 in the human lung carcinoma A549 cell line. The present study constructed expression and interference [small interfering (si) RNA] lentiviral vectors of CD147, which established stable overexpression and low expression of CD147 in the A549 cell line, named A549-CD147 and A549-siCD147, respectively. The differences in biological features between various levels of CD147 expression in A549 cells was investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, scratch and lumen formation assays. The results of the CCK-8 assay revealed that A549-CD147 cell proliferation was significantly increased and A549-siCD147 cell proliferation was decreased compared with the control groups. The A549-CD147 cells had the largest number of cells penetrating the Matrigel in the Transwell assay, which indicates that upregulation of CD147 expression increases the infiltration capacity of cells. The scratch assay revealed that A549-CD147 cells have the highest capacity for migration, while A549-siCD147 cells have the lowest. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was proportional to the expression level of CD147 at the mRNA and protein level. The lumen formation assay revealed that the number of vessel lumens that human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed in the A549-CD147 cell supernatant was increased compared with the A549-siCD147 cells. Collectively, the present results suggest that CD147 is important in the promotion of lung carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and the upregulation of VEGF, which stimulates the angiogenesis of lung carcinoma. In conclusion, CD147 may be a potential target in the treatment of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Changyun Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Huang S, Guo J, Zhou L, You L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Insights into the distinct roles of MMP-11 in tumor biology and future therapeutics (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1783-93. [PMID: 26892540 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological processes of cancer cells such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and invasion are greatly influenced by the surrounding microenvironment. The ability of solid malignant tumors to alter the microenvironment represents an important characteristic through which tumor cells are able to acquire specific functions necessary for their malignant biological behaviors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases with the capacity of remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) by degrading almost all ECM proteins, which plays essential roles during the invasion and metastasis process of solid malignant tumors, including allowing tumor cells to modify the ECM components and release cytokines, ultimately facilitating protease-dependent tumor progression. MMP-11, also named stromelysin-3, is a member of the stromelysin subgroup belonging to MMPs superfamily, which has been detected in cancer cells, stromal cells and adjacent microenvironment. Differently, MMP-11 exerts a dual effect on tumors. On the one hand MMP-11 promotes cancer development by inhibiting apoptosis as well as enhancing migration and invasion of cancer cells, on the other hand MMP-11 plays a negative role against cancer development via suppressing metastasis in animal models. Overexpression of MMP-11 was discovered in sera of cancer patients compared with normal control group as well as in multiple tumor tissue specimens, such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. At present, some evidence supports that MMP-11 may work as a significant tumor biomarker for early detection of cancer, tumor staging, prognostic analysis, monitoring recurrence during follow-up and also a potential target for immunotherapy against cancer. In view of the importance of MMP-11 in modifying tumor microenvironment and potent antitumoral effects on solid tumors, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of how MMP-11 modulates tumor progression, and exploring its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Expression of CD147 and matrix metalloproteinase-11 in colorectal cancer and their relationship to clinicopathological features. J Transl Med 2015; 13:337. [PMID: 26507719 PMCID: PMC4624598 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the expression of CD147 and MMP-11 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate CD147 and MMP-11 mRNA level in 56 pairs of fresh CRC samples matched with adjacent normal mucosa. The protein expression of CD147 and MMP-11 in CRC specimens and corresponding normal colorectal mucosa were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on CRC tissue microarrays. Expression and co-localization of these two proteins in human colorectal cancer tissue were also evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Furthermore, their correlations with clinicopathological factors and overall survival after surgery were evaluated. Results Both CD147 and MMP-11 were demonstrated to be over-expressed at mRNA level (P < 0.001, both) and protein level (P < 0.001, both) in CRC tissue than paired normal mucosa. Spearman rank test showed a positive correlation between these two proteins (P = 0.025). Immunofluorescence double staining confirmed the co-localization of CD147 and MMP-11 in paraffin-embedded tissues of CRC patients. Expression of CD147 and MMP-11 were both correlated with CRC lymph node metastasis (P = 0.021 and P = 0.031, respectively), distant metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively) and TNM stage (P = 0.006 and P = 0.049, respectively). Univariate survival analysis showed that both CD147 and MMP11 expression was significantly associated with shorter survival time (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Additionally, in multivariate analysis, both CD147 and MMP-11 were proved to be independent prognostic factors (P = 0.009, 0.028, respectively). Conclusions These results indicated that both CD147 and MMP-11 may be involved in the progression of colorectal cancer, and they are potential prognostic factors and might become new therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is best known for its function as a structural scaffold for the tissue and more recently as a microenvironment to sequester growth factors and cytokines allowing for rapid and localized changes in their activity in the absence of new protein synthesis. In this review, we explore this and additional new aspects of ECM function in mediating cell-to-cell communications. Fibrillar and nonfibrillar components of ECM can limit and facilitate the transport of molecules through the extracellular space while also regulating interstitial hydrostatic pressure. In turn, transmembrane communications via molecules, such as ECM metalloproteinase inducer, thrombospondins, and integrins, can further mediate cell response to extracellular cues and affect ECM composition and tissue remodeling. Other means of cell-to-cell communication include extracellular microRNA transport and its contribution to gene expression in target cells and the nanotube formation between distant cells, which has recently emerged as a novel conduit for intercellular organelle sharing thereby influencing cell survival and function. The information summarized and discussed here are not limited to the cardiovascular ECM but encompass ECM in general with specific references to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- From the Department of Physiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D.F., Z.K.); and Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.C.)
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Min KW, Kim DH, Do SI, Pyo JS, Kim K, Chae SW, Sohn JH, Oh YH, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Choi YJ, Park CH. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of MMP-11 expression in the stromal fibroblast-like cells adjacent to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20 Suppl 3:S433-42. [PMID: 23115007 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11) is a matrix degrading enzyme known to be involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins. This enzyme recently has been reported to play a key role in tumor progression and results in poor clinical outcomes for several different types of tumors. METHODS A total of 192 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma between 2000 and 2005 were included in this study. MMP-11 expression in tumors and stromal fibroblast-like cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining on a tissue microarray. Subsequently, evaluation of the associations between MMP-11 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was performed. RESULTS MMP-11 expression of stromal fibroblast-like cells was correlated with prognostic factors, including tumor size, metastasis, histological grade, central tumor fibrosis, p53 expression, and luminal A subtype and was linked to therapeutic markers, such as ER and HER2 (all p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between worse overall survival and MMP-11 expression in both tumors and stromal fibroblast-like cells (all p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, MMP-11 expression of stromal fibroblast-like cells was still significantly associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS MMP-11 expression was significantly related to clinicopathological parameters, which may be essential to the prediction of disease outcome in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Tang X, Guo N, Xu L, Gou X, Mi M. CD147/EMMPRIN: an effective therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Target 2012; 21:224-231. [PMID: 22931464 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.702769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high resistance to conventional systemic therapies, rapid progression, easy metastasis and frequent recurrence. There is therefore an urgent requirement to develop novel systemic agents which specifically target hepatoma-associated antigen in the tumors of HCC patients. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed by HCC cells and is strongly associated with HCC progression and prognosis. CD147 in HCC cells modulates HCC growth, promotes invasion and metastasis by stimulating adjacent fibroblasts and HCC cells to produce elevated levels of several extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the HCC microenvironment. It is also involved in HCC angiogenesis and multidrug resistance (MDR). Clinical progress has been made in HCC treatment using CD147-directed monoclonal antibodies. Here, we give an overview of the literature regarding the molecular features and expression of CD147 in human HCC tissues. We specifically focus on the role of CD147 in HCC invasion and metastasis, as well as in angiogenesis and multidrug resistance. In addition, advances in therapeutic strategies targeting HCC CD147 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- a Department of Pathology, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Mianyang, China
| | - Na Guo
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Lixian Xu
- c Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China.,c Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Man Mi
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China
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Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer: a novel poor prognostic marker for human seminomas. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:190-6. [PMID: 22374422 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a glycosylated member of the immunoglobulin superfamily whose function in human seminomas is unknown. We have recently determined that EMMPRIN possesses the ability to stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinase production, and that its expression was frequently up-regulated in several tumours of the urinary system. Thus, EMMPRIN expression might be associated with the progression of human seminomas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of EMMPRIN in seminoma tissues might help to predict the patients' prognosis. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissues from 65 patients with seminomas and 20 normal testes were processed for immunohistochemical staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody generated against human EMMPRIN, as primary antibody, and a biotinylated goat-anti-mouse IgG, as secondary antibody. In addition, the correlation of EMMPRIN expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' prognosis was also analysed. RESULTS EMMPRIN was detected in cancerous tissues of 53 patients with seminoma, but not normal testes. Thirty- five patients showed weakly to moderately positive and 18 patients intensely positive expression. Moreover, positive EMMPRIN staining correlated significantly with various clinicopathological factors (increased TNM stage and higher histological differentiation type) as well as decreased tumour-specific survival (log-rank, p=0.02). In particular, EMMPRIN expression was an independent prognosticator as shown by Cox regression analysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION EMMPRIN expression in a primary tumour predicts an unfavourable prognosis in human seminoma, suggesting its crucial role in the progression of this tumour.
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Zhu H, Zhao J, Zhu B, Collazo J, Gal J, Shi P, Liu L, Ström AL, Lu X, McCann RO, Toborek M, Kyprianou N. EMMPRIN regulates cytoskeleton reorganization and cell adhesion in prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:72-81. [PMID: 21563192 PMCID: PMC3158271 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins on cell surface play important roles during cancer progression and metastasis via their ability to mediate cell-to-cell interactions and navigate the communication between cells and the microenvironment. METHODS In this study a targeted proteomic analysis was conducted to identify the differential expression of cell surface proteins in human benign (BPH-1) versus malignant (LNCaP and PC-3) prostate epithelial cells. We identified EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) as a key candidate and shRNA functional approaches were subsequently applied to determine the role of EMMPRIN in prostate cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion as well as cytoskeleton organization. RESULTS EMMPRIN was found to be highly expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells compared to BPH-1 cells, consistent with a correlation between elevated EMMPRIN and metastasis found in other tumors. No significant changes in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or apoptosis were detected in EMMPRIN knockdown cells compared to the scramble controls. Furthermore, EMMPRIN silencing markedly decreased the ability of PC-3 cells to form filopodia, a critical feature of invasive behavior, while it increased expression of cell-cell adhesion and gap junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EMMPRIN regulates cell adhesion, invasion, and cytoskeleton reorganization in prostate cancer cells. This study identifies a new function for EMMPRIN as a contributor to prostate cancer cell-cell communication and cytoskeleton changes towards metastatic spread, and suggests its potential value as a marker of prostate cancer progression to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Joanne Collazo
- Department of Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jozsef Gal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Anna-Lena Ström
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Richard O. McCann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Natasha Kyprianou, Division of Urology, Combs Res. Bldg. Rm 306, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, , Tel. 1-859-323-9812, Fax: 1-859-323-1944
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MiR-34a inhibits lymphatic metastasis potential of mouse hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:275-82. [PMID: 21553024 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of other genes in a post-transcriptional manner. MiR-34a can induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. However, its role in tumor progress remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of miR-34a in lymphatic metastasis was investigated using mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines Hca-F and Hepa1-6. MicroRNA profiling and Hairpin-RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of miR-34a was higher in Hepa1-6 cells (of no metastatic ability) than that in Hca-F cells (of high metastatic ability). Ectopic expression of miR-34a can inhibit cell growth and cell invasion in Hepa1-6 and Hca-F cells. Moreover, miR-34a triggers G1 arrest and down-regulates CyclinD1 and CDK6 in Hepa1-6 cells. Furthermore, we proved that miR-34a decreased adhesion of Hca-F cells to regional lymph node in vitro, reduced lymph nodes-metastasized burden, and inhibited tumor lymph node metastases in vivo. All these results suggest that miR-34a plays multiple tumor suppressive roles in murine hepatocarcinoma, not only inhibiting cell growth by cell cycle arrest, but also repressing metastasis, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for hepatocarcinoma.
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CD147, a gamma-secretase associated protein is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease brain and its cellular trafficking is affected by presenilin-2. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:67-76. [PMID: 19751784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase activity has been extensively investigated due to its role in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we studied the association of CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin family, with gamma-secretase and its expression in Alzheimer's disease and control tissues. Subcellular fractionation of postmitochondrial supernatant from rat brain on step iodixanol gradient in combination with co-immunoprecipitation using an anti-nicastrin antibody showed association of limited amount of CD147 to gamma-secretase. By immunoblotting of postnuclear pellets from Alzheimer's disease and control human brain tissues we showed that CD147 with molecular weight 75 kDa is upregulated in frontal cortex and thalamus of the Alzheimer's disease brains. Immunohistochemistry of brain tissues from Alzheimer's disease and control revealed specific upregulation of CD147 in neurons, axons and capillaries of Alzheimer's disease frontal cortex and thalamus. The effect of presenilin-1 and -2, which are the catalytic subunits of gamma-secretase, on CD147 expression and subcellular localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy in combination with flow cytometry and showed that PS2 affected the subcellular localization of CD147 in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We suggest that a small fraction of CD147 present in the brain is associated with the gamma-secretase, and can be involved in mechanisms dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease brain.
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Huang Z, Huang H, Li H, Chen W, Pan C. EMMPRIN expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:518-23. [PMID: 19473445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is identified as a tumor-cell membrane protein that stimulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production. Several studies have shown that higher EMMPRIN expression is associated with shorter survival time and correlated significantly with more advanced clinico-parameters of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinico-pathologic characteristics and EMMPRIN, and prognostic significance of EMMPRIN expression in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Extracellular MMP inducer expression was examined immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 68 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma and who underwent radical surgeries from 1996 to 2006. The 68 patients were followed up from 1 to 119 months, with an average of 27.5 months. Nonparametric tests were performed for the comparison of EMMPRIN expression between two independent groups. Survival analysis was performed to find the prognostic significance of EMMPRIN expression. RESULTS We found that EMMPRIN expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma is significantly higher than that in non-cancerous epithelium adjacent to carcinoma of tongue. In addition, EMMPRIN expression is significantly associated with tumor diameter and clinical stage in the samples, but did not correlate with gender, age, tumor metastasis, and pathological grade. Finally, survival analysis indicates that EMMPRIN overexpression correlates significantly with poor overall survival in the patient cohort. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EMMPRIN might represent an attractive target for immunotherapeutic approaches in a subgroup of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillfacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
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Newman JR, Helman EE, Safavy S, Zhang W, Rosenthal EL. EMMPRIN expression is required for response to bevacizumab therapy in HNSCC xenografts. Cancer Lett 2008; 274:313-8. [PMID: 18990485 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The HNSCC cell line, FaDu was stably transfected with control vector (FaDu) or with plasmid expressing small interfering RNA against EMMPRIN (FaDu/siE). Tumor cells were treated with bevacizumab (0, 25, 50, and 75 ng/ml) in vitro, and then cell counts were performed at 72 h. For in vivo analysis, tumor cells were xenografted onto the flank of SCID mice, and were treated with 100 microg bevacizumab twice weekly for three weeks. Xenograft samples from the control and treatment groups were analyzed for microvessel density. Escalating doses of bevacizumab had no effect on the growth of tumor cells in vitro (P.or=0.086). However, tumor xenografts expressing EMMPRIN responded to bevacizumab treatment (P=0.0013), whereas the EMMPRIN knockdown cell line did not (P=0.7942). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that microvascular density was reduced in the treated FaDu tumors (P=0.005), but not in the FaDu/siE tumors (P=0.48). Currently there is limited information on biomarkers to predict response to bevacizumab. By demonstrating effectiveness of bevacizumab therapy in tumors that express EMMPRIN, but not in tumors with silenced EMMPRIN expression, this study suggests that EMMPRIN may serve as a biomarker for response to bevacizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Newman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BDB Suit 563, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 358294-0012, USA
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