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Costa ADS, Ghouri I, Johnston A, McGlynn K, McNair A, Bowman P, Malik N, Hurren J, Bingelis T, Dunne M, Smith GL, Kemi OJ. Electrically stimulated in vitro heart cell mimic of acute exercise reveals novel immediate cellular responses to exercise: Reduced contractility and metabolism, but maintained calcium cycling and increased myofilament calcium sensitivity. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1147-1161. [PMID: 37665041 PMCID: PMC10947300 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cellular responses to acute exercise remain undescribed. We present a model for mimicking acute aerobic endurance exercise to freshly isolated cardiomyocytes by evoking exercise-like contractions over prolonged periods of time with trains of electrical twitch stimulations. We then investigated immediate contractile, Ca2+ , and metabolic responses to acute exercise in perfused freshly isolated left ventricular rat cardiomyocytes, after a matrix-design optimized protocol and induced a mimic for acute aerobic endurance exercise by trains of prolonged field twitch stimulations. Acute exercise decreased cardiomyocyte fractional shortening 50%-80% (p < .01). This was not explained by changes to intracellular Ca2+ handling (p > .05); rather, we observed a weak insignificant Ca2+ transient increase (p = .11), while myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity increased 20%-70% (p < .05). Acidic pH 6.8 decreased fractional shortening 20%-70% (p < .05) because of 20%-30% decreased Ca2+ transients (p < .05), but no difference occurred between control and acute exercise (p > .05). Addition of 1 or 10 mM La- increased fractional shortening in control (1 mM La- : no difference, p > .05; 10 mM La- : 20%-30%, p < .05) and acute exercise (1 mM La- : 40%-90%, p < .01; 10 mM La- : 50%-100%, p < .01) and rendered acute exercise indifferent from control (p > .05). Intrinsic autofluorescence showed a resting NADstate of 0.59 ± 0.04 and FADstate of 0.17 ± 0.03, while acute exercise decreased NADH/FAD ratio 8% (p < .01), indicating intracellular oxidation. In conclusion, we show a novel approach for studying immediate acute cardiomyocyte responses to aerobic endurance exercise. We find that acute exercise in cardiomyocytes decreases contraction, but Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity compensate for this, while acidosis and reduced energy substrate and mitochondrial ATP generation explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Da Silva Costa
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Graduate School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Iffath Ghouri
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alexander Johnston
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Karen McGlynn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Andrew McNair
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Peter Bowman
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Natasha Malik
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Johanne Hurren
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tomas Bingelis
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael Dunne
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Ole J. Kemi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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2
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Non-Invasive Assessment of Vascular Circulation Based on Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030385. [PMID: 36979077 PMCID: PMC10044925 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) is a new non-invasive method for assessing vascular circulation and/or metabolic regulation. It enables assessment of both vasoconstriction and vasodilation. The method measures stimulation of the circulation in response to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH). It analyzes the dynamical changes in the emission of NADH fluorescence from skin tissue, providing the information on mitochondrial metabolic status and intracellular oxygen delivery through the circulatory system. Assessment of the vascular state using the FMSF technique is based on three parameters: reactive hyperemia response (RHR), hypoxia sensitivity (HS), and normoxia oscillatory index (NOI). The RHR and HS parameters determine the risk of vascular circulatory disorders and are the main diagnostic parameters. The NOI parameter is an auxiliary parameter for evaluating the state of microcirculation under stress of various origins (e.g., emotional stress, physical exhaustion, or post-infection stress). The clinical data show that the risk of vascular complications is limited among people whose RHR, log(HS), and NOI parameters are not significantly below the mean values determined by the FMSF technique, especially if they simultaneously meet the conditions RHR > 30% and log(HS) > 1.5 (HS > 30), and NOI > 60%.
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3
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Bouchendhomme T, Soret M, Grard T, Lencel P. Differentiating between fresh and frozen-thawed fish fillets by muscle fibre permeability measurement. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Bai CB, Zhang LY, Wang NX, Yan Z, Wu YH, Xu BC, Liu N, Wang BZ, Tomasic V. Chiral NADH Model: Design, Synthesis, Asymmetric Reduction Reaction and Fluorescence Characteristics. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220127122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
A new type of NADH model compound, which has six asymmetric carbon centers, has been synthesized by an efficient and convenient method. We preliminarily attempted that NADH models combined with enzyme were used in the asymmetric reduction. It is the first time that dehydrogenase with NADH models instead of inorganic catalysts such as MgCl2 were used in the asymmetric reduction. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that the new NADH model has the strongest fluorescence emission properties compared with previous reported models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Bing Bai
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei-Yang Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nai-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhan Yan
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, 710065, China
| | - Bo-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, 710065, China
| | - Vesna Tomasic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Bagheri P, Hoang K, Fung AA, Hussain S, Shi L. Visualizing Cancer Cell Metabolic Dynamics Regulated With Aromatic Amino Acids Using DO-SRS and 2PEF Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:779702. [PMID: 34977157 PMCID: PMC8714916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.779702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance plays an essential role in the progression of many diseases that include cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as phenylalanine and tryptophan have the capability of escalating oxidative stress because of their involvement in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Here, we use D2O (heavy water) probed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) and two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy as a multimodal imaging approach to visualize metabolic changes in HeLa cells under excess AAA such as phenylalanine or trytophan in culture media. The cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis, new protein synthesis, NADH, Flavin, unsaturated lipids, and saturated lipids were all imaged and quantified in this experiment. Our studies reveal ∼10% increase in de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of NADH to flavin, and ∼50% increase of the ratio of unsaturated lipids to saturated lipid in cells treated with excess phenylalanine or trytophan. In contrast, these cells exhibited a decrease in the protein synthesis rate by ∼10% under these AAA treatments. The cellular metabolic activities of these biomolecules are indicators of elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction images of lipid droplets were acquired and quantified to observe their spatial distribution around cells’ nuceli under different AAA culture media. We observed a higher number of lipid droplets in excess AAA conditions. Our study showcases that DO-SRS imaging can be used to quantitatively study how excess AAA regulates metabolic activities of cells with subcellular resolution in situ.
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6
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Sternisha SM, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Chaney EJ, Barkalifa R, Wan B, Lee JH, Rico-Jimenez J, Žurauskas M, Spillman DR, Sripada SA, Marjanovic M, Arp Z, Galosy SS, Bhanushali DS, Hood SR, Bose S, Boppart SA. Longitudinal monitoring of cell metabolism in biopharmaceutical production using label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000629. [PMID: 33951311 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are routinely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Although multiple offline and time-consuming measurements of spent media composition and cell viability assays are used to monitor the status of culture in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, the day-to-day changes in the cellular microenvironment need further in-depth characterization. In this study, two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) was used as a tool to directly probe into the health of CHO cells from a bioreactor, exploiting the autofluorescence of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), an enzymatic cofactor that determines the redox state of the cells. A custom-built multimodal microscope with two-photon FLIM capability was utilized to monitor changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence for longitudinal characterization of a changing environment during cell culture processes. Three different cell lines were cultured in 0.5 L shake flasks and 3 L bioreactors. The resulting FLIM data revealed differences in the fluorescence lifetime parameters, which were an indicator of alterations in metabolic activity. In addition, a simple principal component analysis (PCA) of these optical parameters was able to identify differences in metabolic progression of two cell lines cultured in bioreactors. Improved understanding of cell health during antibody production processes can result in better streamlining of process development, thereby improving product titer and verification of scale-up. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use FLIM as a label-free measure of cellular metabolism in a biopharmaceutically relevant and clinically important CHO cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Sternisha
- Biopharm Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,In vitro/In vivo Translation, Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Boyong Wan
- Biopharm Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jang Hyuk Lee
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose Rico-Jimenez
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Darold R Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sobhana A Sripada
- Biopharm Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zane Arp
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sybille S Galosy
- Biopharm Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Steve R Hood
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Biopharm Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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7
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Wei W, Li J, Yao H, Shi K, Liu H. A versatile molecular logic system based on Eu(III) coordination polymer film electrodes combined with multiple properties of NADH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22746-22757. [PMID: 33020777 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of lanthanide coordination polymer film made up of europium (Eu(iii)) and poly(N-methacryloylglycine) (Eu(iii)-PMAG) was prepared on an ITO electrode surface driven by the coordination between N-methacryloylglycine (MAG) and Eu(iii) through a single-step polymerization process. The fluorescence signal of Eu(iii)-PMAG films at 617 nm originating from Eu(iii) could be well retained in the buffer solution but was regulated by the concentration of Cu(ii) and the complexing agent EDTA. The switching of fluorescence by Cu(ii) was attributed to the inhibition of the "antenna effect" between Eu(iii) and the MAG ligand in the films. The coexistence of reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the solution can apparently quench the fluorescence of Eu(iii)-PMAG films through the internal filtration effect of UV absorbance overlapping the excitation wavelength, but itself exhibiting a fluorescence emission at 468 nm. In addition, the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH with the help of the ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (FcDA) probe demonstrated a cyclic voltammetry (CV) signal at 0.45 V (vs. SCE). Based on various reversible stimulus-responsive behaviours, a 4-input/10-output logic network was built using Cu(ii), EDTA, NADH and FcDA as inputs and the signals of fluorescence from Eu(iii)-PMAG (617 nm) and NADH (468 nm), the CV response from FcDA and the UV-vis absorbance from the Cu(ii)-EDTA complex as outputs. Meanwhile, 6 different functional logic devices were constructed based on the same versatile platform, including a 2-to-1 encoder, a 1-to-2 decoder, a 1-to-2 demultiplexer, a parity checker, a transfer gate and a reprogrammable 3-input/2-output keypad lock. Combined with the new type of lanthanide coordination polymer film, NADH played central roles in designing sophisticated computing systems with its fluorescence, UV and electrocatalytic properties. This work might provide a novel avenue to develop intelligent multi-analyte sensing and information processing at the molecular level based on one single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Jiang H, Qi YT, Wu WT, Wen MY, Liu YL, Huang WH. Intracellular monitoring of NADH release from mitochondria using a single functionalized nanowire electrode. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8771-8778. [PMID: 34123129 PMCID: PMC8163350 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells, and also their suicidal weapon store. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) release from mitochondria, eventually leading to the disruption of energy metabolism and even cell death. Hence, NADH is often considered a marker of mitochondrial function, but in situ monitoring of NADH release from mitochondria in single living cells remains a great challenge. Herein, we develop a functionalized single nanowire electrode (NWE) for electrochemical detection of NADH release from intracellular mitochondria by modifying conductive polymer (poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene), PEDOT)-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of a SiC@C nanowire. The positively charged PEDOT facilitates the accumulation of negatively charged NADH at the electrode surface and CNTs promote electron transfer, thus endowing the NWE with high sensitivity and selectivity. Further studies show that resveratrol, a natural product, specifically induced NADH release from mitochondria of MCF-7 cancer cells rather than non-cancerous MCF-10 A cells, indicating the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in cancer treatment. This work provides an efficient method to monitor mitochondrial function by in situ electrochemical measurement of NADH release, which will be of great benefit for physiological and pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu-Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ming-Yong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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9
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The Effect of a 7-Week Training Period on Changes in Skin NADH Fluorescence in Highly Trained Athletes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in the reduced form in the superficial skin layer, resulting from a 7-week training period in highly trained competitive athletes (n = 41). The newly, non-invasive flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) method was implemented to indirectly evaluate the mitochondrial activity by NADH fluorescence. The FMSF measurements were taken before and after an exercise treadmill test until exhaustion. We found that athletes showed higher post-training values in basal NADH fluorescence (pre-exercise: 41% increase; post-exercise: 49% increase). Maximum NADH fluorescence was also higher after training both pre- (42% increase) and post-exercise (47% increase). Similar changes have been revealed before and after exercise for minimal NADH fluorescence (before exercise: 39% increase; after exercise: 47% increase). In conclusion, physical training results in an increase in the skin NADH fluorescence levels at rest and after exercise in athletes.
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Lighting Up Live-Cell and In Vivo Central Carbon Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:293-314. [PMID: 32119572 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the core component of cell metabolism, central carbon metabolism, consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle converts nutrients into metabolic precursors for biomass and energy to sustain the life of virtually all extant species. The metabolite levels or distributions in central carbon metabolism often change dynamically with cell fates, development, and disease progression. However, traditional biochemical methods require cell lysis, making it challenging to obtain spatiotemporal information about metabolites in living cells and in vivo. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors allow the rapid, sensitive, specific, and real-time readout of metabolite dynamics in living organisms, thereby offering the potential to fill the gap in current techniques. In this review, we introduce recent progress made in the development of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for central carbon metabolism and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Moreover, several future directions of metabolite sensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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11
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Changes of NADH Fluorescence from the Skin of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5897487. [PMID: 31930128 PMCID: PMC6942734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5897487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The blood circulation of the skin is an accessible and representative vascular bed for examining the mechanisms of microcirculatory function. Endothelial function is impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which implies disorders in cell metabolism dependent on blood circulation; however, noninvasive monitoring of metabolism at the tissue and cell level is absent in daily clinical practice. Objective The aim of the study was to examine changes of NADH fluorescence from the epidermis of a forearm measured with the flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) technique in patients with SLE and to investigate whether they are associated with clinical manifestation of the disease. Materials and Methods The study enrolled 36 patients with SLE and 34 healthy individuals. Changes of NADH fluorescence were measured using FMSF on the forearm in response to blocking and releasing of blood flow. The results were represented as ischemic (IR max and IR auc) and hyperemic response maximum and area under the curve (HR max and HR auc). Results IR max, IR auc, HR max, and HR auc were all lower in patients with SLE (p < 0.05) compared with controls. All four parameters were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with patient age. No difference was found in NADH fluorescence between SLE patients with malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, nonerosive arthritis, renal disorder, hematologic disorder, or immunologic disorder and those without. No correlation was revealed between the SLEDAI score and NADH fluorescence. Conclusion Changes of NADH fluorescence indicate the reduction in NADH restoration, observed especially during reperfusion, and suggest the occurrence of disorders in the microcirculation of the skin and/or at the mitochondrial level. Such changes of NADH during reperfusion in patients with SLE could be associated with their possible lower sensitivity to hypoxia and possibly with endothelial dysfunction.
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12
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Bugaj O, Zieliński J, Kusy K, Kantanista A, Wieliński D, Guzik P. The Effect of Exercise on the Skin Content of the Reduced Form of NAD and Its Response to Transient Ischemia and Reperfusion in Highly Trained Athletes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:600. [PMID: 31156467 PMCID: PMC6529559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is synthesized in the cellular nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria but oxidized into NAD+ almost exclusively in mitochondria. Activation of human skin by the 340 nm ultraviolet light triggers natural fluorescence at the light length of 460 nm, which intensity is proportional to the skin NADH content. This phenomenon is used by the Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) which measures changes in the skin NADH content during transient ischemia and reperfusion. We examined the effects of exercise to exhaustion on the skin changes of NADH in response to 200 s forearm ischemia and reperfusion in 121 highly trained athletes (94 men and 27 women, long-distance running, triathlon, taekwondo, rowing, futsal, sprint running, fencing, and tennis). We found that exercise until exhaustion changes the skin content of NADH, modifies NADH turnover at rest, during ischemia and reperfusion in the most superficial living skin cells. Compared to the pre-exercise, there were significant increases in: mean fluorescence recorded during rest as the baseline value (B mean) (p < 0.001), the maximal fluorescence that increased above the baseline during controlled forearm ischemia (FImax) (p < 0.001, only in men), the minimal fluorescence after decreasing below the baseline during reperfusion (FRmin) (p < 0.001 men; p < 0.01 women) and the difference between B mean and FRmin (R min) (p < 0.01), and reductions in the difference between FImax and B mean (I max) (p < 0.001) and I max/IRampl ratio (CImax) (p < 0.001) after the incremental exercise test. There was no statistical difference between pre- and post-exercise the maximal range of the fluorescence change during ischemia and reperfusion (IRampl). In conclusion, exercise to exhaustion modifies the skin NADH content at rest, during ischemia and reperfusion as well as the magnitude of changes in the NADH caused by ischemia and reperfusion. Our findings suggest that metabolic changes in the skin NADH accompanying exercise extend beyond muscles and affect other cells and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bugaj
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Sport Kinesiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Sun J, Tian M, Lin W. A two-photon excited red-emissive probe for imaging mitochondria with high fidelity and its application in monitoring mitochondrial depolarization via FRET. Analyst 2019; 144:2387-2392. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon red-emissive fluorescent probes for imaging mitochondria with high-fidelity have been constructed, and mitochondrial depolarization has been visualized with the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Minggang Tian
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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Real-Hohn A, Navegantes C, Ramos K, Ramos-Filho D, Cahuê F, Galina A, Salerno VP. The synergism of high-intensity intermittent exercise and every-other-day intermittent fasting regimen on energy metabolism adaptations includes hexokinase activity and mitochondrial efficiency. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202784. [PMID: 30576325 PMCID: PMC6303071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral lipid accumulation, organ hypertrophy and a reduction in skeletal muscle strength are all signs associated with the severity of obesity-related disease. Intermittent fasting (IF) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) are natural strategies that, individually, can prevent and help treat obesity along with metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. However, the combinatorial effect of IF and HIIE on energetic metabolism is currently not well understood. We hypothesized that their combination could have a potential for more than strictly additive benefits. Here, we show that two months of every-other-day intermittent fasting regimen combined with a high-intensity intermittent exercise protocol (IF/HIIE) produced a synergistic effect, enhancing physical endurance (vs. control, HIIE and IF) and optimizing metabolic pathways of energy production in male Wistar rats. The IF/HIIE group presented enhanced glucose tolerance (vs. control, HIIE and IF), lower levels of plasma insulin (vs. control and HIIE), and a global activation of low Km hexokinases in liver (vs. control, HIIE and IF), heart (vs. control and HIIE) and skeletal muscle (vs. control, HIIE and IF). The IF/HIIE synergism, rather than a simply additive effect, is evidenced by increase in muscle mass and cross-section area, activation of the FoF1 ATP synthase, and the gain of characteristics suggestive of augmented mitochondrial mass and efficiency observed in this group. Finally, important reductions in plasma oxidative stress markers were present preferentially in IF/HIIE group. These findings provide new insights for the implementation of non-pharmaceutical strategies to prevent/treat metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Real-Hohn
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (VPS); (ARH)
| | - Clarice Navegantes
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Molecular Motors, Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Ramos
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Molecular Motors, Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dionisio Ramos-Filho
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cahuê
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Molecular Motors, Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica P. Salerno
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Molecular Motors, Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (VPS); (ARH)
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15
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Gómez CA, Fu B, Sakadžić S, Yaseen MA. Cerebral metabolism in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease characterized by two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy of intrinsic NADH. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:045008. [PMID: 30603656 PMCID: PMC6307680 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.4.045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions and alterations to cerebral energy metabolism play a vital role in the onset and progression of many neurodegenerative disorders and cerebral pathologies. In order to precisely understand the complex alterations underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, in vivo imaging at the microscopic level is required in preclinical animal models. Utilizing two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and the phasor analysis method, we have observed AD-related variations of endogenous fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in vivo. We collected NADH FLIM images from the cerebral cortices of both APPswe:PS1dE9 mice to model amyloid β plaque accumulation and corresponding age-matched wildtype controls. Distinct variations in NADH fluorescence lifetime between wildtype and AD mice, as well as variations related to proximity from amyloid plaques, are obvervable via the phasor method. The combination of NADH FLIM and phasor analysis allows for a minimally invasive, high-resolution technique to characterize the adverse effects of amyloid β accumulation on mitochondrial energy metabolism and could guide our understanding of preclinical AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gómez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Buyin Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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Failure of Isoflurane Cardiac Preconditioning in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice Involves Aberrant Regulation of MicroRNA-21, Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase, and Mitochondrial Complex I. Anesthesiology 2017; 128:117-129. [PMID: 29040168 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes impairs the cardioprotective effect of volatile anesthetics, yet the mechanisms are still murky. We examined the regulatory effect of isoflurane on microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced in obese type 2 diabetic (db/db) and C57BL/6 control mice ex vivo in the presence or absence of isoflurane administered before ischemia. Cardiac microRNA-21 was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction. The dimers and monomers of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase were measured by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence was determined in Langendorff-perfused hearts. RESULTS Body weight and fasting blood glucose were greater in db/db than C57BL/6 mice. Isoflurane decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 35 ± 8 mmHg in control to 23 ± 9 mmHg (P = 0.019, n = 8 mice/group, mean ± SD) and elevated ±dP/dt 2 h after post-ischemic reperfusion in C57BL/6 mice. These beneficial effects of isoflurane were lost in db/db mice. Isoflurane elevated microRNA-21 and the ratio of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase dimers/monomers and decreased mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 min after ischemia in C57BL/6 but not db/db mice. MicroRNA-21 knockout blocked these favorable effects of isoflurane, whereas endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout had no effect on the expression of microRNA-21 but blocked the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. CONCLUSIONS Failure of isoflurane cardiac preconditioning in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice is associated with aberrant regulation of microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I.
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Sander K, Asano KG, Bhandari D, Van Berkel GJ, Brown SD, Davison B, Tschaplinski TJ. Targeted redox and energy cofactor metabolomics in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:270. [PMID: 29213318 PMCID: PMC5707896 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum are prominent candidate biocatalysts that, together, can enable the direct biotic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. The imbalance and suboptimal turnover rates of redox cofactors are currently hindering engineering efforts to achieve higher bioproductivity in both organisms. Measuring relevant intracellular cofactor concentrations will help understand redox state of these cofactors and help identify a strategy to overcome these limitations; however, metabolomic determinations of these labile metabolites have historically proved challenging. RESULTS Through our validations, we verified the handling and storage stability of these metabolites, and verified extraction matrices and extraction solvent were not suppressing mass spectrometry signals. We recovered adenylate energy charge ratios (a main quality indicator) above 0.82 for all extractions. NADH/NAD+ values of 0.26 and 0.04 for an adhE-deficient strain of C. thermocellum and its parent, respectively, reflect the expected shift to a more reduced redox potential when a species lacks the ability to re-oxidize NADH by synthesizing ethanol. This method failed to yield reliable results with C. bescii and poor-growing strains of T. saccharolyticum. CONCLUSIONS Our validated protocols demonstrate and validate the extraction and analysis of selected redox and energy-related metabolites from two candidate consolidated bioprocessing biocatalysts, C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. This development and validation highlights the important, but often neglected, need to optimize and validate metabolomic protocols when adapting them to new cell or tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Sander
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Keiji G. Asano
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Present Address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Steven D. Brown
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Present Address: LanzaTech, Skokie, IL USA
| | - Brian Davison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
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Zadmard R, Akbari-Moghaddam P, Darvishi S, Mirza-Aghayan M. A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for NADH based on calix[4]arene dimer. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao Y, Yang Y. Real-time and high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial metabolic states in living cells using genetically encoded NAD +/NADH sensors. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:43-52. [PMID: 27261194 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles that regulate cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and signaling processes. NADH, a key player in cell metabolism, is often considered as a marker of mitochondrial function. However, traditional methods for NADH measurements are either destructive or unable to distinguish between NADH and NADPH. In contrast to traditional methods, genetically encoded NADH sensors can be used for the real-time tracking and quantitative measurement of subcellular NADH levels in living cells. Therefore, these sensors provide innovative tools and address the limitations of current techniques. We herein summarize the properties of different types of recently developed NADH biosensors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and focus on the high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial function by using highly responsive NAD+/NADH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Blacker TS, Duchen MR. Investigating mitochondrial redox state using NADH and NADPH autofluorescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:53-65. [PMID: 27519271 PMCID: PMC5145803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The redox states of the NAD and NADP pyridine nucleotide pools play critical roles in defining the activity of energy producing pathways, in driving oxidative stress and in maintaining antioxidant defences. Broadly speaking, NAD is primarily engaged in regulating energy-producing catabolic processes, whilst NADP may be involved in both antioxidant defence and free radical generation. Defects in the balance of these pathways are associated with numerous diseases, from diabetes and neurodegenerative disease to heart disease and cancer. As such, a method to assess the abundance and redox state of these separate pools in living tissues would provide invaluable insight into the underlying pathophysiology. Experimentally, the intrinsic fluorescence of the reduced forms of both redox cofactors, NADH and NADPH, has been used for this purpose since the mid-twentieth century. In this review, we outline the modern implementation of these techniques for studying mitochondrial redox state in complex tissue preparations. As the fluorescence spectra of NADH and NADPH are indistinguishable, interpreting the signals resulting from their combined fluorescence, often labelled NAD(P)H, can be complex. We therefore discuss recent studies using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) which offer the potential to discriminate between the two separate pools. This technique provides increased metabolic information from cellular autofluorescence in biomedical investigations, offering biochemical insights into the changes in time-resolved NAD(P)H fluorescence signals observed in diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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21
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Muniz KL, Dias FJ, Coutinho-Netto J, Calzzani RAJ, Iyomasa MM, Sousa LGD, Santos TTD, Teles VDO, Watanabe IS, Fazan VPS, Issa JPM. Properties of the tibialis anterior muscle after treatment with laser therapy and natural latex protein following sciatic nerve crush. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:869-75. [PMID: 25677810 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we evaluated the characteristics of the tibialis anterior muscle after sciatic nerve crush and treatment with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or the protein from natural latex (P1). METHODS We studied the following 6 groups of male Wistar rats: control (CG); exposed nerve (EG); injured nerve (IG); injured nerve with LLLT (LG); injured nerve with P1 (PG); and injured nerve with P1 and LLLT (LPG). RESULTS After 4 weeks, muscle morphology showed improvement in the treated groups; after 8 weeks, the treated groups resembled controls, especially the PG. Morphometry revealed muscle fiber atrophy after nerve injury, with time-dependent recovery. Histochemical analysis revealed increased intermediate fiber area. The PG was more similar to controls with NADH staining, whereas the LPG more closely resembled controls with SDH staining. CONCLUSION Treatment using only P1 proved most efficient, revealing a negative interaction between P1 and LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Lemos Muniz
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo De Sousa
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wilhelm S, del Barrio M, Heiland J, Himmelstoß SF, Galbán J, Wolfbeis OS, Hirsch T. Spectrally matched upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for monitoring enzymatic reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15427-33. [PMID: 25090410 DOI: 10.1021/am5038643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on upconverting luminescent nanoparticles (UCLNPs) that are spectrally tuned such that their emission matches the absorption bands of the two most important species associated with enzymatic redox reactions. The core-shell UCLNPs consist of a β-NaYF4 core doped with Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) ions and a shell of pure β-NaYF4. Upon 980 nm excitation, they display emission bands peaking at 360 and 475 nm, which is a perfect match to the absorption bands of the enzyme cosubstrate NADH and the coenzyme FAD, respectively. By exploiting these spectral overlaps, we have designed fluorescent detection schemes for NADH and FAD that are based on the modulation of the emission intensities of UCLNPs by FAD and NADH via an inner filter effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wilhelm
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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23
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Cutaneous respirometry by dynamic measurement of mitochondrial oxygen tension for monitoring mitochondrial function in vivo. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:507-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mayevsky A, Barbiro-Michaely E. Shedding light on mitochondrial function by real time monitoring of NADH fluorescence: I. Basic methodology and animal studies. J Clin Monit Comput 2012. [PMID: 23203204 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-012-9414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Normal mitochondrial function in the process of metabolic energy production is a key factor in maintaining cellular activities. Many pathological conditions in animals, as well as in patients, are directly or indirectly related to dysfunction of the mitochondria. Monitoring the mitochondrial activity by measuring the autofluorescence of NADH has been the most practical approach since the 1950s. This review presents the principles and technological aspects, as well as typical results, accumulated in our laboratory since the early 1970s. We were able to apply the fiber-optic-based NADH fluorometry to many organs monitored in vivo under various pathophysiological conditions in animals. These studies were the basis for the development of clinical monitoring devices as presented in accompanying article. The encouraging experimental results in animals stimulated us to apply the same technology in patients after technological adaptations as described in the accompanying article. Our medical device was approved for clinical use by the FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Mayevsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Heikal AA. A Multiparametric Imaging of Cellular Coenzymes for Monitoring Metabolic and Mitochondrial Activities. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2010 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9828-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Johnson CB, Tikunov AP, Lee H, Wolak JE, Pediaditakis P, Romney DA, Holmuhamedov E, Gamcsik MP, Macdonald JM. ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of changes in serine isotopomers reflects changes in mitochondrial redox status. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:671-9. [PMID: 22190282 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The glycine cleavage system (GCS), the major pathway of glycine catabolism in liver, is found only in the mitochondria matrix and is regulated by the oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) )/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio. In conjunction with serine hydroxymethyltransferase, glycine forms the 1 and 2 positions of serine, while the 3 position is formed exclusively by GCS. Therefore, we sought to exploit this pathway to show that quantitative measurements of serine isotopomers in liver can be used to monitor the NAD(+) /NADH ratio using (13) C NMR spectroscopy. Rat hepatocytes were treated with modulators of GCS activity followed by addition of 2-(13) C-glycine, and the changes in the proportions of newly synthesized serine isotopomers were compared to controls. Cysteamine, a competitive inhibitor of GCS, prevented formation of mitochondrial 3-(13) C-serine and 2,3-(13) C-serine isotopomers while reducing 2-(13) C-serine by 55%, demonstrating that ca. 20% of glycine-derived serine is produced in the cytosol. Glucagon, which activates GCS activity, and the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone both increased serine isotopomers, whereas rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I, had the opposite effect. These results demonstrate that (13) C magnetic resonance spectroscopy monitoring of the formation of serine isotopomers in isolated rat hepatocytes given 2-(13) C-glycine reflects the changes of mitochondrial redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bryce Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Permeabilized rat cardiomyocyte response demonstrates intracellular origin of diffusion obstacles. Biophys J 2011; 101:2112-21. [PMID: 22067148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular diffusion restrictions for ADP and other molecules have been predicted earlier based on experiments on permeabilized fibers or cardiomyocytes. However, it is possible that the effective diffusion distance is larger than the cell dimensions due to clumping of cells and incomplete separation of cells in fiber preparations. The aim of this work was to check whether diffusion restrictions exist inside rat cardiomyocytes or are caused by large effective diffusion distance. For that, we determined the response of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to exogenous ADP and ATP stimulation in permeabilized rat cardiomyocytes using fluorescence microscopy. The state of OxPhos was monitored via NADH and flavoprotein autofluorescence. By varying the ADP or ATP concentration in flow chamber, we determined that OxPhos has a low affinity in cardiomyocytes. The experiments were repeated in a fluorometer on cardiomyocyte suspensions leading to similar autofluorescence changes induced by ADP as recorded under the microscope. ATP stimulated OxPhos more in a fluorometer than under the microscope, which was attributed to accumulation of ADP in fluorometer chamber. By calculating the flow profile around the cell in the microscope chamber and comparing model solutions to measured data, we demonstrate that intracellular structures impose significant diffusion obstacles in rat cardiomyocytes.
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Singh BK, Tripathi M, Pandey PK, Kakkar P. Alteration in mitochondrial thiol enhances calcium ion dependent membrane permeability transition and dysfunction in vitro: a cross-talk between mtThiol, Ca(2+), and ROS. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 357:373-85. [PMID: 21748338 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-physiological and toxicological conditions. The interplay of mitochondrial thiol (mtThiol), MPT, Ca(2+) homeostasis, and resulting dysfunctions still remains controversial despite studies by several research groups. Present study was undertaken to ascertain the correlation between Ca(2+) homeostasis, mtThiol alteration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in causing MPT leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. mtThiol depletion significantly enhanced Ca(2+) dependent MPT (swelling) and depolarization of mitochondria resulting in release of pro-apoptotic proteins like Cyt c, AIF, and EndoG. mtThiol alteration and Ca(2+) overload caused reduced mitochondrial electron flow, oxidation of pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)H) and significantly enhanced ROS generation (DHE and DCFH-DA fluorescence). Studies with MPT inhibitor (Cyclosporin A), Ca(2+) uniport blocker (ruthenium red) and Ca(2+) chelator (BAPTA) indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was more pronounced under dual stress of altered mtThiol and Ca(2+) overload in comparison with single stress of excessive Ca(2+). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the changes in mitochondrial integrity under stress. Our findings suggest that the Ca(2+) overload itself is not solely responsible for structural and functional impairment of mitochondria. A multi-factorial cross-talk between mtThiol, Ca(2+) and ROS is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, minor depletion of mtThiol was found to be an important factor along with Ca(2+) overload in triggering MPT in isolated mitochondria, tilting the balance towards disturbed functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Herbal Research Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Formerly-Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Two-photon imaging within the murine thorax without respiratory and cardiac motion artifact. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:75-82. [PMID: 21703395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has been recognized for its ability to make physiological measurements at cellular and subcellular levels while maintaining the complex natural microenvironment. Two-photon microscopy (TPM), using longer wavelengths than single-photon excitation, has extended intravital imaging deeper into tissues, with minimal phototoxicity. However, due to a relatively slow acquisition rate, TPM is especially sensitive to motion artifact, which presents a challenge when imaging tissues subject to respiratory and cardiac movement. Thoracoabdominal organs that cannot be exteriorized or immobilized during TPM have generally required the use of isolated, pump-perfused preparations. However, this approach entails significant alteration of normal physiology, such as a lack of neural inputs, increased vascular resistance, and leukocyte activation. We adapted techniques of intravital microscopy that permitted TPM of organs maintained within the thoracoabdominal cavity of living, breathing rats or mice. We obtained extended intravital TPM imaging of the intact lung, arguably the organ most susceptible to both respiratory and cardiac motion. Intravital TPM detected the development of lung microvascular endothelial activation manifested as increased leukocyte adhesion and plasma extravasation in response to oxidative stress inducers PMA or soluble cigarette smoke extract. The pulmonary microvasculature and alveoli in the intact animal were imaged with comparable detail and fidelity to those in pump-perfused animals, opening the possibility for TPM of other thoracoabdominal organs under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Kuznetsov AV, Margreiter R, Amberger A, Saks V, Grimm M. Changes in mitochondrial redox state, membrane potential and calcium precede mitochondrial dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1144-52. [PMID: 21406203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in cell life as a source of energy and in cell death by inducing apoptosis. Many important functions of mitochondria change in cancer, and these organelles can be a target of chemotherapy. The widely used anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) causes cell death, inhibition of cell cycle/proliferation and mitochondrial impairment. However, the mechanism of such impairment is not completely understood. In our study we used confocal and two-photon fluorescence imaging together with enzymatic and respirometric analysis to study short- and long-term effects of doxorubicin on mitochondria in various human carcinoma cells. We show that short-term (<30 min) effects include i) rapid changes in mitochondrial redox potentials towards a more oxidized state (flavoproteins and NADH), ii) mitochondrial depolarization, iii) elevated matrix calcium levels, and iv) mitochondrial ROS production, demonstrating a complex pattern of mitochondrial alterations. Significant inhibition of mitochondrial endogenous and uncoupled respiration, ATP depletion and changes in the activities of marker enzymes were observed after 48 h of DOX treatment (long-term effects) associated with cell cycle arrest and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Heart Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Yoon J. Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of nucleotides, FAD and NADH: highlighted research during 2004-2010. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2222-35. [PMID: 21336366 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the biological importance of nucleotides and related species, such as XNP (where X = adenosine (A), uridine (U), cytidine (C), guanosine (G), and N = mono, di, tri), FAD and NADH, the development of optical probes for these molecules has recently been an active area of research. This tutorial review focuses on the contributions between 2004-2010 concerning the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for these biomolecules, and is organized according to their target molecule's structural classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Jung SO, Ahn JY, Kim S, Yi S, Kim MH, Jang HH, Seo SH, Eom MS, Kim SK, Ryu DH, Chang SK, Han MS. Fluorescein derivative-based, selective and sensitive chemosensor for NADH. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Heikal AA. Intracellular coenzymes as natural biomarkers for metabolic activities and mitochondrial anomalies. Biomark Med 2010; 4:241-63. [PMID: 20406068 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, programmed cell death and oxidative stress. Mutated mitochondrial DNA in diseased cells compromises the structure of key enzyme complexes and, therefore, mitochondrial function, which leads to a myriad of health-related conditions such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and aging. Early detection of mitochondrial and metabolic anomalies is an essential step towards effective diagnoses and therapeutic intervention. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) play important roles in a wide range of cellular oxidation-reduction reactions. Importantly, NADH and FAD are naturally fluorescent, which allows noninvasive imaging of metabolic activities of living cells and tissues. Furthermore, NADH and FAD autofluorescence, which can be excited using distinct wavelengths for complementary imaging methods and is sensitive to protein binding and local environment. This article highlights recent developments concerning intracellular NADH and FAD as potential biomarkers for metabolic and mitochondrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Heikal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812-2496, USA.
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Singh BK, Tripathi M, Pandey PK, Kakkar P. Nimesulide aggravates redox imbalance and calcium dependent mitochondrial permeability transition leading to dysfunction in vitro. Toxicology 2010; 275:1-9. [PMID: 20457212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nimesulide (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the symptomatic treatment of painful conditions like osteoarthritis, spondilitis and primary dysmenorrhoea. Nimesulide induced liver damage is a serious side effect of this otherwise popular drug. The mechanism involved in nimesulide induced hepatotoxicity is still not fully elucidated. However, both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in contributing to liver injury in susceptible patients. Mitochondria besides being the primary source of energy, act as a hub of signals responsible for initiating cell death, irrespective of the pathway, i.e. apoptosis or necrosis. The present study was aimed to explore the role of compounding stress, i.e. Ca(2+) overload and GSH depletion in nimesulide induced mitochondrial toxicity and dysfunction. Our study showed that, nimesulide (100 microM) treatment resulted into rapid depletion of GSH (60%) in isolated rat liver mitochondria and significant Ca(2+) dependent MPT changed. Enhanced ROS generation (DCF fluorescence) was also observed in mitochondria treated with nimesulide. An important finding was that the concentration at which nimesulide oxidized reduced pyridine nucleotides (autofluorescence of NAD(P)H), it affected mitochondrial electron flow (MTT activity decreased by 75%) and enhanced mitochondrial depolarization significantly as assessed by Rhodamine 123 fluorescent probe. Therefore, nimesulide was found to aggravate redox imbalance and affect Ca(2+) dependent mitochondrial membrane permeability transition leading to dysfunction and ultimately cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Herbal Research Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR) (Formerly-Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), P.O. Box-80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bereiter-Hahn J, Jendrach M. Mitochondrial dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 284:1-65. [PMID: 20875628 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)84001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a key feature for the interaction of mitochondria with other organelles within a cell and also for the maintenance of their own integrity. Four types of mitochondrial dynamics are discussed: Movement within a cell and interactions with the cytoskeleton, fusion and fission events which establish coherence within the chondriome, the dynamic behavior of cristae and their components, and finally, formation and disintegration of mitochondria (mitophagy). Due to these essential functions, disturbed mitochondrial dynamics are inevitably connected to a variety of diseases. Localized ATP gradients, local control of calcium-based messaging, production of reactive oxygen species, and involvement of other metabolic chains, that is, lipid and steroid synthesis, underline that physiology not only results from biochemical reactions but, in addition, resides on the appropriate morphology and topography. These events and their molecular basis have been established recently and are the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Center of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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