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Wang T, Wang X, Zhuang Y, Wang G. A systematic evaluation of quenching and extraction procedures for quantitative metabolome profiling of HeLa carcinoma cell under 2D and 3D cell culture conditions. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200444. [PMID: 36796787 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been coined as a hallmark of cancer, accompanied by which the alterations in metabolite levels have profound effects on gene expression, cellular differentiation, and the tumor environment. Yet a systematic evaluation of quenching and extraction procedures for quantitative metabolome profiling of tumor cells is currently lacking. To achieve this, this study is aimed at establishing an unbiased and leakage-free metabolome preparation protocol for HeLa carcinoma cell. We evaluated 12 combinations of quenching and extraction methods from three quenchers (liquid nitrogen, -40°C 50% methanol, 0.5°C normal saline) and four extractants (-80°C 80% methanol, 0.5°C methanol/chloroform/water [1:1:1 v/v/v], 0.5°C 50% acetonitrile, 75°C 70% ethanol) for global metabolite profiling of adherent HeLa carcinoma cells. Based on the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method, gas/liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively determine 43 metabolites including sugar phosphates, organic acids, amino acids (AAs), adenosine nucleotides, and coenzymes involved in central carbon metabolism. The results showed that the total amount of the intracellular metabolites in cell extracts obtained using different sample preparation procedures with the IDMS method ranged from 21.51 to 295.33 nmol per million cells. Among 12 combinations, cells that washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), quenched with liquid nitrogen, and then extracted with 50% acetonitrile were found to be the most optimal method to acquire intracellular metabolites with high efficiency of metabolic arrest and minimal loss during sample preparation. In addition, the same conclusion was drawn as these 12 combinations were applied to obtain quantitative metabolome data from three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids. Furthermore, a case study was carried out to evaluate the effect of doxorubicin (DOX) on both adherent cells and 3D tumor spheroids using quantitative metabolite profiling. Pathway enrichment analysis using targeted metabolomics data showed that DOX exposure would significantly affect AA metabolism-related pathways, which might be related to the mitigation of redox stress. Strikingly, our data suggested that compared to two-dimensional (2D) cells the increased intracellular glutamine level in 3D cells benefited replenishing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle when the glycolysis was limited after dosing with DOX. Taken together, this study provides a well-established quenching and extraction protocol for quantitative metabolome profiling of HeLa carcinoma cell under 2D and 3D cell culture conditions. Based on this, quantitative time-resolved metabolite data can serve to the generation of hypotheses on metabolic reprogramming to reveal its important role in tumor development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Innovation Institute of East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Innovation Institute of East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, have recently been re-classified incorporating molecular aspects with important clinical, prognostic, and predictive implications. Concurrently, the reprogramming of metabolism, altering intracellular and extracellular metabolites affecting gene expression, differentiation, and the tumour microenvironment, is increasingly being studied, and alterations in metabolic pathways are becoming hallmarks of cancer. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a complementary, non-invasive technique capable of quantifying multiple metabolites. The aim of this review focuses on the methodology and analysis techniques in proton MRS (1H MRS), including a brief look at X-nuclei MRS, and on its perspectives for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gliomas in both clinical practice and preclinical research.
Methods
PubMed literature research was performed cross-linking the following key words: glioma, MRS, brain, in-vivo, human, animal model, clinical, pre-clinical, techniques, sequences, 1H, X-nuclei, Artificial Intelligence (AI), hyperpolarization.
Results
We selected clinical works (n = 51), preclinical studies (n = 35) and AI MRS application papers (n = 15) published within the last two decades. The methodological papers (n = 62) were taken into account since the technique first description.
Conclusions
Given the development of treatments targeting specific cancer metabolic pathways, MRS could play a key role in allowing non-invasive assessment for patient diagnosis and stratification, predicting and monitoring treatment responses and prognosis. The characterization of gliomas through MRS will benefit of a wide synergy among scientists and clinicians of different specialties within the context of new translational competences. Head coils, MRI hardware and post-processing analysis progress, advances in research, experts’ consensus recommendations and specific professionalizing programs will make the technique increasingly trustworthy, responsive, accessible.
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Metabolic Impact of Anticancer Drugs Pd2Spermine and Cisplatin on the Brain of Healthy Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020259. [PMID: 35213994 PMCID: PMC8880159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The new palladium agent Pd2Spermine (Spm) has been reported to exhibit promising cytotoxic properties, while potentially circumventing the known disadvantages associated to cisplatin therapeutics, namely acquired resistance and high toxicity. This work presents a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics study of brain extracts obtained from healthy mice, to assess the metabolic impacts of the new Pd2Spm complex in comparison to that of cisplatin. The proton NMR spectra of both polar and nonpolar brain extracts were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics, unveiling several metabolite variations during the time course of exposition to each drug (1–48 h). The distinct time-course dependence of such changes revealed useful information on the drug-induced dynamics of metabolic disturbances and recovery periods, namely regarding amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and membrane precursors and phospholipids. Putative biochemical explanations were proposed, based on existing pharmacokinetics data and previously reported metabolic responses elicited by the same metal complexes in the liver of the same animals. Generally, results suggest a more effective response of brain metabolism towards the possible detrimental effects of Pd2Spm, with more rapid recovery back to metabolites’ control levels and, thus, indicating that the palladium drug may exert a more beneficial role than cDDP in relation to brain toxicity.
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Hertig D, Maddah S, Memedovski R, Kurth S, Moreno A, Pennestri M, Felser A, Nuoffer JM, Vermathen P. Live monitoring of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in 3D cell culture system using NMR spectroscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:4326-4339. [PMID: 34106111 PMCID: PMC8239994 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Because of the interplay between mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism, the simultaneous monitoring of both cellular processes provides important insights for the understanding of biological processes. NMR flow systems provide a unique window into the metabolome of cultured cells. Simplified bioreactor construction based on commercially available flow systems increase the practicability and reproducibility of bioreactor studies using standard NMR spectrometers. We therefore aim at establishing a reproducible NMR bioreactor system for metabolic 1H-NMR investigations of small molecules and concurrent oxygenation determination by 19F-NMR, with in depth description and validation by accompanying measures. Methods: We demonstrate a detailed and standardized workflow for the preparation and transfer of collagen based 3D cell culture of high cell density for perfused investigation in a 5 mm NMR tube. Self-constructed gas mixing station enables 5% CO2 atmosphere for physiological pH in carbon based medium and is perfused by HPLC pump. Results & Discussion: Implemented perfused bioreactor allows detection of perfusion rate dependent metabolite content. We show interleaved dynamic profiling of 26 metabolites and mitochondrial respiration. During constant perfusion, sequential injection of rotenone/oligomycin and 2-deoxy-glucose indicated immediate activation and deactivation of glycolytic rate and full inhibition of oxygen consumption. We show sensitivity to detect substrate degradation rates of major mitochondrial fuel pathways and were able to simultaneously measure cellular oxygen consumption. We show sensitivity to detect substrate degradation rates of major mitochondrial fuel pathways and feasibility to simultaneously measure cellular oxygen consumption combining a commercially available flow tube system with a standard 5 mm NMR probe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Hertig
- Department of Biomedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Jaroch K, Modrakowska P, Bojko B. Glioblastoma Metabolomics-In Vitro Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:315. [PMID: 34068300 PMCID: PMC8153257 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the WHO introduced new guidelines for the diagnosis of brain gliomas based on new genomic markers. The addition of these new markers to the pre-existing diagnostic methods provided a new level of precision for the diagnosis of glioma and the prediction of treatment effectiveness. Yet, despite this new classification tool, glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV glioma, continues to have one of the highest mortality rates among central nervous system tumors. Metabolomics is a particularly promising tool for the analysis of GBM tumors and potential methods of treating them, as it is the only "omics" approach that is capable of providing a metabolic signature of a tumor's phenotype. With careful experimental design, cell cultures can be a useful matrix in GBM metabolomics, as they ensure stable conditions and, under proper conditions, are capable of capturing different tumor phenotypes. This paper reviews in vitro metabolomic profiling studies of high-grade gliomas, with a particular focus on sample-preparation techniques, crucial metabolites identified, cell culture conditions, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, and pharmacometabolomics. Ultimately, this review aims to elucidate potential future directions for in vitro GBM metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, dr A. Jurasza 2 Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (P.M.)
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6
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Bobeff EJ, Szczesna D, Bieńkowski M, Janczar K, Chmielewska-Kassassir M, Wiśniewski K, Papierz W, Wozniak LA, Jaskólski DJ. Plasma amino acids indicate glioblastoma with ATRX loss. Amino Acids 2021; 53:119-132. [PMID: 33398522 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. The lack of molecular biomarker, non-specific symptoms and fast growth rate often result in a significant delay in diagnosis. Despite multimodal treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Here, we verified the hypothesis that amino acids (AA) regulating the critical metabolic pathways necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity of an organism, may constitute a favourable target in GB biomarker research. We measured the plasma amino acids levels in 18 GB patients and 15 controls and performed the quantitative and qualitative metabolomic analysis of free AA applying high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). We present both the raw data and the results of our statistical analysis. The majority of AA were lowered in the study group in comparison to the control group. Five of these (arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, and histidine) differed significantly (all p < 10-5 and AUC > 0.9). Plasma levels of leucine and phenylalanine decreased in the case of GB with lost alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) expression on immunohistochemistry (p = 0.003 and 0.045, respectively). We demonstrated for the first time that certain plasma-free AA levels of GB patients were significantly different from those in healthy volunteers. Target profiling of plasma-free AA, identified utilizing LC-QTOF-MS, may present prognostic value by indicating GB patients with lost ATRX expression. The on-going quest for glioma biomarkers still aims to determine the detailed metabolic profile and evaluate its impact on therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Jan Bobeff
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Szczesna
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Janczar
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Karol Wiśniewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wielisław Papierz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Mazovian State University in Plock, Plock, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Jan Jaskólski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Diserens G, Hertig D, Vermathen M, Legeza B, Flück CE, Nuoffer JM, Vermathen P. Metabolic stability of cells for extended metabolomical measurements using NMR. A comparison between lysed and additionally heat inactivated cells. Analyst 2018; 142:465-471. [PMID: 28074201 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NMR measurements for metabolic characterization of biological samples like cells, biopsies or plasma, may take several hours for advanced methods. Preanalytical issues, such as sample preparation and stability over the measurement time, may have a high impact on metabolite content, and potentially lead to misinterpretation. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate by 1H HR-MAS NMR the impact of different cell handling preparation protocols on the stability of the cell metabolite content over the measurement time. For this purpose, the metabolite content of fibroblasts and adrenal cells were measured at different time points after lysis and after additional heating. Interestingly the results showed similar metabolite concentrations between lysed and lysed-heated cells at the beginning of the measurement, but increasing differences after some hours of measurement. In lysed cells, metabolism was ongoing, producing metabolite changes over time, contrary to a stable metabolite content of the lysed-heated cells. These results were confirmed in both fibroblasts and adrenal cells. Therefore, in order to minimize metabolite content modifications over the measurement time, it is suggested to use cell lysis in combination with heat inactivation for extended HR-MAS NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diserens
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - D Hertig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland and University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Legeza
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J M Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vermathen
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Response of Cisplatin Resistant Skov-3 Cells to [Pt( O,O'-Acac)(γ-Acac)(DMS)] Treatment Revealed by a Metabolomic ¹H-NMR Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092301. [PMID: 30205612 PMCID: PMC6225129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel [Pt(O,O′-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], Ptac2S, Pt(II) complex has recently gained increasing attention as a potential anticancer agent for its pharmacological activity shown in different tumor cell lines, studied both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of Ptac2S, operating on non-genomic targets, is known to be very different from that of cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], cisplatin, targeting nucleic acids. In this work, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Ptac2S on the cisplatin resistant Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), SKOV-3 cells, by the MTT assay. A 1H-NMR metabolomic approach coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was used for the first time for Ptac2S to figure out the biological mechanisms of action of the complex. The metabolic variations of intracellular metabolites and the composition of the corresponding extracellular culture media were compared to those of cisplatin (cells were treated at the IC50 doses of both drugs). The reported comparative metabolomic analysis revealed a very different metabolic profile between Ptac2S and cisplatin treated samples, thus confirming the different mechanism of action of Ptac2S also in the Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), SKOV-3 cells line. In particular, higher levels of pyruvate were observed in Ptac2S treated, with respect to cisplatin treated, cells (in both aqueous and culture media). In addition, a very different lipid expression resulted after the exposure to the two drugs (Ptac2S and cisplatin). These results suggest a possible explanation for the Ptac2S ability to circumvent cisplatin resistance in SKOV-3 cells.
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Armiñán A, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Deladriere C, Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Vicente-Ruiz S, Vicent MJ, Pineda-Lucena A. Metabolomics facilitates the discrimination of the specific anti-cancer effects of free- and polymer-conjugated doxorubicin in breast cancer models. Biomaterials 2018; 162:144-153. [PMID: 29448142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is becoming a relevant tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the response to new drug delivery systems. The applicability of this experimental approach to cell cultures and animal models makes metabolomics a useful tool for establishing direct connections between in vitro and in vivo data, thus providing a reliable platform for the characterization of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we used metabolomic profiles based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to evaluate the biochemical pathways involved in the response to a chemotherapeutic anthracycline drug (Doxorubicin, Dox) and an N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-conjugated form (HPMA-Dox) in an in vitro cell culture model and an in vivo orthotopic breast cancer model. We also used protein expression and flow cytometry studies to obtain a better coverage of the biochemical alterations associated with the administration of these compounds. The overall analysis revealed that polymer conjugation leads to increased apoptosis, reduced glycolysis, and reduced levels of phospholipids when compared to the free chemotherapeutic drug. Our results represent a first step in the application of integrated in vitro and in vivo metabolomic studies to the evaluation of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martina Palomino-Schätzlein
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Coralie Deladriere
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Arroyo-Crespo
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Vicente-Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Kaebisch E, Fuss TL, Vandergrift L, Toews K, Habbel P, Cheng LL. Applications of high-resolution magic angle spinning MRS in biomedical studies I-cell line and animal models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3700. [PMID: 28301071 PMCID: PMC5501085 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS allows for direct measurements of non-liquid tissue and cell specimens to present valuable insights into the cellular metabolisms of physiological and pathological processes. HRMAS produces high-resolution spectra comparable to those obtained from solutions of specimen extracts but without complex metabolite extraction processes, and preserves the tissue cellular structure in a form suitable for pathological examinations following spectroscopic analysis. The technique has been applied in a wide variety of biomedical and biochemical studies and become one of the major platforms of metabolomic studies. By quantifying single metabolites, metabolite ratios, or metabolic profiles in their entirety, HRMAS presents promising possibilities for diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes for various diseases, as well as deciphering of metabolic changes resulting from drug therapies or xenobiotic interactions. In this review, we evaluate HRMAS MRS results on animal models and cell lines reported in the literature, and present the diverse applications of the method for the understanding of pathological processes and the effectiveness of therapies, development of disease animal models, and new progress in HRMAS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaebisch
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Taylor L. Fuss
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Lindsey Vandergrift
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Karin Toews
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Corresponding Author: Leo L. Cheng, PhD, 149 13 Street, CNY-6, Charlestown, MA 02129, Ph.617-724-6593, Fax.617-726-5684,
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Lamego I, Marques MPM, Duarte IF, Martins AS, Oliveira H, Gil AM. Impact of the Pd 2Spermine Chelate on Osteosarcoma Metabolism: An NMR Metabolomics Study. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1773-1783. [PMID: 28244322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A metabolomics study of Pd2Spermine(Spm) on osteosarcoma MG-63 and osteoblastic HOb cells is presented to assess the impact of the potential palladium drug on cell metabolism compared with cisplatin (cDDP). Despite its higher cytotoxicity, Pd2Spm induced lower (and reversible) metabolic impact on MG-63 cells and the absence of apoptosis; conversely, it induced significant deviations in osteoblastic amino acid metabolism. However, when in combination with doxorubicin and methotrexate, Pd2Spm induced strong metabolic deviations on lipids, choline compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and compounds related to antioxidative mechanisms (e.g., glutathione, inositol, hypoxanthine), similarly to the cDDP cocktail. Synergetic effects included triggering of lipid biosynthesis by Pd2Spm in the presence of doxorubicin (and reinforced by methotrexate) and changes in the glycosylation substrate uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine and methionine and serine metabolisms. This work provides promising results related to the impact of Pd2Spm on osteosarcoma cellular metabolism, particularly in drug combination protocols. Lipid metabolism, glycosylation, and amino acid metabolisms emerge as relevant features for targeted studies to further understand a potential anticancer mechanism of combined Pd2Spm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lamego
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro , 3810 Aveiro, Portugal.,R&D Unit "Molecular Physical-Chemistry", University of Coimbra , 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Paula M Marques
- R&D Unit "Molecular Physical-Chemistry", University of Coimbra , 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra , 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro , 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S Martins
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro , 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro , 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro , 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
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Li H, Xu Y, Shi W, Li F, Zeng Q, Yi C. Assessment of alterations in X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage of glioma cells by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 84:109-118. [PMID: 28122253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors. DNA damage is closely associated with glioma cell apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Alterations of metabolites in glioma can be detected noninvasively by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. To noninvasively explore the micro mechanism in X-ray irradiation-induced apoptosis, the relationship between metabolites and DNA damage in glioma cells was investigated. Three glioma cell lines (C6, U87 and U251) were randomly designated as control (0Gy) and treatment groups (1, 5, 10, 15Gy). After X-ray exposure, each group was separated into four parts: (i) to detect metabolites by 1H NMR spectroscopy; (ii) to make cell colonies; (iii) to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry; and (iv) to measure DNA damage by comet assay. The metabolite ratios of lactate/creatine and succinate/creatine decreased (lactate/creatine: C6, 22.17-66.27%; U87, 15.93-44.56%; U251, 26.27-74.48%. succinate/creatine: C6, 14.41-48.35%; U87, 22.03-70.62%; U251, 17.33-60.06%) and choline/creatine increased (C6, 52.22-389.68%; U87, 56.15-82.36%; U251, 31.87-278.62%) in the treatment groups compared with the control group (each P<0.05), which linearly depended on DNA damage. An increasing dose of X-ray irradiation increased numbers of apoptotic cells (P<0.01), and the DNA damage parameters were dose-dependent (P<0.05). The colony-forming rate declined (P<0.01) and the percentage of cells at G1 stage increased when exposed to 1Gy X-ray (three cell lines, P<0.05). Metabolite alterations detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine DNA damage induced by X-ray irradiation. 1H NMR spectroscopy is a noninvasive method to predict DNA damage of glioma cell at the micro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshi Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Cui Yi
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Dützmann S, Schiborr C, Kocher A, Pilatus U, Hattingen E, Weissenberger J, Geßler F, Quick-Weller J, Franz K, Seifert V, Frank J, Senft C. Intratumoral Concentrations and Effects of Orally Administered Micellar Curcuminoids in Glioblastoma Patients. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:943-8. [PMID: 27340742 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1187281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral bioavailability of curcuminoids is low, but can be enhanced by incorporation into micelles. The major curcuminoid curcumin has antitumor effects on glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We therefore aimed to determine intratumoral concentrations and the clinical tolerance of highly bioavailable micellar curcuminoids in glioblastoma patients. METHODS Thirteen glioblastoma patients ingested 70 mg micellar curcuminoids [57.4 mg curcumin, 11.2 mg demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and 1.4 mg bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC)] three times per day for 4 days (total amount of 689 mg curcumin, 134 mg DMC, and 17 mg BDMC) prior to planned resection of their respective brain tumors. Tumor and blood samples were taken during the surgery and analyzed for total curcuminoid concentrations. (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was performed before and after curcuminoid consumption. RESULTS Ten patients completed the study. The mean intratumoral concentration of curcumin was 56 pg/mg of tissue (range 9-151), and the mean serum concentration was 253 ng/ml (range 129-364). Inorganic phosphate was significantly increased within the tumor (P = 0.034). The mean ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate decreased, and the mean intratumoral pH increased (P = 0.08) after curcuminoid intervention. CONCLUSION Oral treatment with micellar curcuminoids led to quantifiable concentrations of total curcuminoids in glioblastomas and may alter intratumoral energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Dützmann
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Christina Schiborr
- b Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Alexa Kocher
- b Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- c Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- c Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Jakob Weissenberger
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Florian Geßler
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Johanna Quick-Weller
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Kea Franz
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- b Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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Hollinshead KER, Williams DS, Tennant DA, Ludwig C. Probing Cancer Cell Metabolism Using NMR Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 899:89-111. [PMID: 27325263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is now accepted to be at the core of many diseases including cancer. Over the past 20 years, NMR has become a core technology to study these metabolic perturbations in detail. This chapter reviews current NMR-based methods for steady-state metabolism and, in particular, the use of non-radioactive stable isotope-enriched tracers. Opportunities and challenges for each method, such as 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy and (13)C carbon-based NMR spectroscopic methods, are discussed. Ultimately, the combination of NMR and mass spectra as orthogonal technologies are required to compensate for the drawbacks of each technique when used singly are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E R Hollinshead
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, IBR, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Debbie S Williams
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, IBR, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, IBR, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, IBR, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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15
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Chaumeil MM, Lupo JM, Ronen SM. Magnetic Resonance (MR) Metabolic Imaging in Glioma. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:769-80. [PMID: 26526945 PMCID: PMC8029127 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on describing the use of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for metabolic imaging of brain tumors. We will first review the MR metabolic imaging findings generated from preclinical models, focusing primarily on in vivo studies, and will then describe the use of metabolic imaging in the clinical setting. We will address relatively well-established (1) H MRS approaches, as well as (31) P MRS, (13) C MRS and emerging hyperpolarized (13) C MRS methodologies, and will describe the use of metabolic imaging for understanding the basic biology of glioma as well as for improving the characterization and monitoring of brain tumors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingMission Bay Campus
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingMission Bay Campus
- Brain Tumor Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
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16
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Coutinho de Souza P, Mallory S, Smith N, Saunders D, Li XN, McNall-Knapp RY, Fung KM, Towner RA. Inhibition of Pediatric Glioblastoma Tumor Growth by the Anti-Cancer Agent OKN-007 in Orthotopic Mouse Xenografts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134276. [PMID: 26248280 PMCID: PMC4527837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric glioblastomas (pGBM), although rare, are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children, with tumors essentially refractory to existing treatments. Here, we describe the use of conventional and advanced in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess a novel orthotopic xenograft pGBM mouse (IC-3752GBM patient-derived culture) model, and to monitor the effects of the anti-cancer agent OKN-007 as an inhibitor of pGBM tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry support data is also presented for cell proliferation and tumor growth signaling. OKN-007 was found to significantly decrease tumor volumes (p<0.05) and increase animal survival (p<0.05) in all OKN-007-treated mice compared to untreated animals. In a responsive cohort of treated animals, OKN-007 was able to significantly decrease tumor volumes (p<0.0001), increase survival (p<0.001), and increase diffusion (p<0.01) and perfusion rates (p<0.05). OKN-007 also significantly reduced lipid tumor metabolism in responsive animals [(Lip1.3 and Lip0.9)-to-creatine ratio (p<0.05)], as well as significantly decrease tumor cell proliferation (p<0.05) and microvessel density (p<0.05). Furthermore, in relationship to the PDGFRα pathway, OKN-007 was able to significantly decrease SULF2 (p<0.05) and PDGFR-α (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α) (p<0.05) immunoexpression, and significantly increase decorin expression (p<0.05) in responsive mice. This study indicates that OKN-007 may be an effective anti-cancer agent for some patients with pGBMs by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, possibly via the PDGFRα pathway, and could be considered as an additional therapy for pediatric brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Coutinho de Souza
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Samantha Mallory
- University of Oklahoma Children's Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rene Y. McNall-Knapp
- University of Oklahoma Children's Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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1H HR-MAS NMR Based Metabolic Profiling of Cells in Response to Treatment with a Hexacationic Ruthenium Metallaprism as Potential Anticancer Drug. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128478. [PMID: 26024484 PMCID: PMC4449131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1)H high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy was applied in combination with multivariate statistical analyses to study the metabolic response of whole cells to the treatment with a hexacationic ruthenium metallaprism [1](6+) as potential anticancer drug. Human ovarian cancer cells (A2780), the corresponding cisplatin resistant cells (A2780cisR), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) were each incubated for 24 h and 72 h with [1](6+) and compared to untreated cells. Different responses were obtained depending on the cell type and incubation time. Most pronounced changes were found for lipids, choline containing compounds, glutamate and glutathione, nucleotide sugars, lactate, and some amino acids. Possible contributions of these metabolites to physiologic processes are discussed. The time-dependent metabolic response patterns suggest that A2780 cells on one hand and HEK-293 cells and A2780cisR cells on the other hand may follow different cell death pathways and exist in different temporal stages thereof.
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18
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Lamego I, Duarte IF, Marques MPM, Gil AM. Metabolic markers of MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line response to doxorubicin and methotrexate treatment: comparison to cisplatin. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6033-45. [PMID: 25382592 DOI: 10.1021/pr500907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A high resolution magic angle spinning NMR metabolomics study of the effects of doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (cDDP) on MG-63 cells is presented and unveils the cellular metabolic adaptations to these drugs, often used together in clinical protocols. Although cDDP-treated cells were confirmed to undergo extensive membrane degradation accompanied by increased neutral lipids, DOX- and MTX-treated cells showed no lipids increase and different phospholipid signatures, which suggests that (i) DOX induces significant membrane degradation, decreased membrane synthesis, and apparent inhibition of de novo lipid synthesis, and (ii) MTX induces decreased membrane synthesis, while no membrane disruption or de novo lipid synthesis seem to occur. Nucleotide signatures were in apparent agreement with the different drug action mechanisms, a link having been found between UDP-GlcNAc and the active pathways of membrane degradation and energy metabolism, for cDDP and DOX, with a relation to oxidative state and DNA degradation, for cDDP. Correlation studies unveiled drug-specific antioxidative signatures, which pinpointed m- and s-inositols, taurine, glutamate/glutamine, and possibly creatine as important in glutathione metabolism. These results illustrate the ability of NMR metabolomics to measure cellular responses to different drugs, a first step toward understanding drug synergism and the definition of new biomarkers of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lamego
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Delgado-Goñi T, Julià-Sapé M, Candiota AP, Pumarola M, Arús C. Molecular imaging coupled to pattern recognition distinguishes response to temozolomide in preclinical glioblastoma. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1333-1345. [PMID: 25208348 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of response to treatment of glioblastoma (GB) is nowadays carried out using MRI. MRS and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) constitute promising tools for this undertaking. A temozolomide (TMZ) protocol was optimized for GL261 GB. Sixty-three mice were studied by MRI/MRS/MRSI. The spectroscopic information was used for the classification of control brain and untreated and responding GB, and validated against post-mortem immunostainings in selected animals. A classification system was developed, based on the MRSI-sampled metabolome of normal brain parenchyma, untreated and responding GB, with a 93% accuracy. Classification of an independent test set yielded a balanced error rate of 6% or less. Classifications correlated well both with tumor volume changes detected by MRI after two TMZ cycles and with the histopathological data: a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the proliferation and mitotic rates and a 4.6-fold increase in the apoptotic rate. A surrogate response biomarker based on the linear combination of 12 spectral features has been found in the MRS/MRSI pattern of treated tumors, allowing the non-invasive classification of growing and responding GL261 GB. The methodology described can be applied to preclinical treatment efficacy studies to test new antitumoral drugs, and begets translational potential for early response detection in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Delgado-Goñi
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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20
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Buzatto AZ, de Sousa AC, Guedes SF, Cieslarová Z, Simionato AVC. Metabolomic investigation of human diseases biomarkers by CE and LC coupled to MS. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1285-307. [PMID: 24375663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the most recent trends in the "omics" era that investigates the end products of an organism activity, that is, all metabolites in a biological system, which are small molecules (less than 1000 Da) from different chemical classes. Metabolomics represents a tool to assess the biochemical activity of a living system through the analysis of substrates and products processed during the metabolism. The analysis of the metabolic profile (nontargeted analysis, i.e. a comparison between samples profiles of individuals) and of specific metabolites (targeted analysis, which quantifies a selected group of metabolites) in biological samples provides an insight into the metabolic state and the biochemical processes of the organism and, therefore, may indicate the onset and the stage of different diseases. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential for successful treatment and probable cure of most illnesses; hence, the investigation of metabolites as disease biomarkers has increased considerably in recent years. This review aims to present the most relevant works that address the nontargeted and targeted analysis of metabolites in different diseases for the past 10 years, including kidney and neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, using CE and LC coupled with the accurate detection of mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Z Buzatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
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21
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Novak J, Wilson M, Macpherson L, Arvanitis TN, Davies NP, Peet AC. Clinical protocols for ³¹P MRS of the brain and their use in evaluating optic pathway gliomas in children. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:e106-12. [PMID: 24331847 PMCID: PMC4029084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo (31)P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) measures phosphorus-containing metabolites that play an essential role in many disease processes. An advantage over (1)H MRS is that total choline can be separated into phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine which have opposite associations with tumour grade. We demonstrate (31)P MRS can provide robust metabolic information on an acceptable timescale to yield information of clinical importance. METHODS All MRI examinations were carried out on a 3T whole body scanner with all (31)P MRS scans conducted using a dual-tuned (1)H/(31)P head coil. Once optimised on phantoms, the protocol was tested in six healthy volunteers (four male and two female, mean age: 25±2.7). (31)P MRS was then implemented on three children with optic pathway gliomas. RESULTS (31)P MRS on volunteers showed that a number of metabolite ratios varied significantly (p<0.05 ANOVA) across different structures of the brain, whereas PC/GPC did not. Standard imaging showed the optic pathway gliomas were enhancing on T1-weighted imaging after contrast injection and have high tCho on (1)H MRS, both of which are associated with high grade lesions. (31)P MRS showed the phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine ratio to be low (<0.6) which suggests low grade tumours in keeping with their clinical behaviour and the histology of most biopsied optic pathway gliomas. CONCLUSION (31)P MRS can be implemented in the brain as part of a clinical protocol to provide robust measurement of important metabolites, in particular providing a greater understanding of cases where tCho is raised on (1)H MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Wilson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Nigel P Davies
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Medical Physics RRPPS, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Peet
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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22
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Pisanu ME, Ricci A, Paris L, Surrentino E, Liliac L, Bagnoli M, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Podo F, Iorio E, Canese R. Monitoring response to cytostatic cisplatin in a HER2(+) ovary cancer model by MRI and in vitro and in vivo MR spectroscopy. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:625-35. [PMID: 24335926 PMCID: PMC3915124 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited knowledge is available on alterations induced by cytostatic drugs on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) parameters of human cancers, in absence of apoptosis or cytotoxicity. We here investigated the effects of a cytostatic cisplatin (CDDP) treatment on 1H MRS and MRI of HER2-overexpressing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and in vivo xenografts. Methods: High-resolution MRS analyses were performed on in vivo passaged SKOV3.ip cells and cell/tissue extracts (16.4 or 9.4 T). In vivo MRI/MRS quantitative analyses (4.7 T) were conducted on xenografts obtained by subcutaneous implantation of SKOV3.ip cells in SCID mice. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and metabolite levels were measured. Results: CDDP-induced cytostatic effects were associated with a metabolic shift of cancer cells towards accumulation of MRS-detected neutral lipids, whereas the total choline profile failed to be perturbed in both cultured cells and xenografts. In vivo MRI examinations showed delayed tumour growth in the CDDP-treated group, associated with early reduction of the ADC mean value. Conclusion: This study provides an integrated set of information on cancer metabolism and physiology for monitoring the response of an EOC model to a cytostatic chemotherapy, as a basis for improving the interpretation of non-invasive MR examinations of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pisanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Paris
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Surrentino
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Liliac
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy [2] Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - M Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - R Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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García-Álvarez I, Garrido L, Romero-Ramírez L, Nieto-Sampedro M, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Campos-Olivas R. The effect of antitumor glycosides on glioma cells and tissues as studied by proton HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78391. [PMID: 24194925 PMCID: PMC3806797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the treatment with glycolipid derivatives on the metabolic profile of intact glioma cells and tumor tissues, investigated using proton high resolution magic angle spinning (1H HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, is reported here. Two compounds were used, a glycoside and its thioglycoside analogue, both showing anti-proliferative activity on glioma C6 cell cultures; however, only the thioglycoside exhibited antitumor activity in vivo. At the drug concentrations showing anti-proliferative activity in cell culture (20 and 40 µM), significant increases in choline containing metabolites were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of the same intact cells. In vivo experiments in nude mice bearing tumors derived from implanted C6 glioma cells, showed that reduction of tumor volume was associated with significant changes in the metabolic profile of the same intact tumor tissues; and were similar to those observed in cell culture. Specifically, the activity of the compounds is mainly associated with an increase in choline and phosphocholine, in both the cell cultures and tumoral tissues. Taurine, a metabolite that has been considered a biomarker of apoptosis, correlated with the reduction of tumor volume. Thus, the results indicate that the mode of action of the glycoside involves, at least in part, alteration of phospholipid metabolism, resulting in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-Álvarez
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IG-A); (RC-O)
| | - Leoncio Garrido
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Romero-Ramírez
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Cajal de Neurobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Sampedro
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Cajal de Neurobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Mayoralas
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Campos-Olivas
- Spectroscopy and NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IG-A); (RC-O)
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Jang MY, Chun SI, Mun CW, Hong KS, Shin JW. Evaluation of metabolomic changes as a biomarker of chondrogenic differentiation in 3D-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells using proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78325. [PMID: 24205199 PMCID: PMC3804484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolomic changes in 3D-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in alginate beads, so as to identify biomarkers during chondrogenesis using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS hMSCs (2×10(6) cells/mL) were seeded into alginate beads, and chondrogenesis was allowed to progress for 15 days. NMR spectra of the chondrogenic hMSCs were obtained at 4, 7, 11, and 15 days using a 14.1-T (600-MHz) NMR with the water suppression sequence, zgpr. Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm that that the hMSCs differentiated into chondrocytes and to analyze the metabolomic changes indicated by the NMR spectra. RESULTS During chondrogenesis, changes were detected in several metabolomes as hMSC chondrogenesis biomarkers, e.g., fatty acids, alanine, glutamate, and phosphocholine. The metabolomic changes were compared with the Real-Time PCR results, and significant differences were determined using statistical analysis. We found that changes in metabolomes were closely related to biological reactions that occurred during the chondrogenesis of hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirm that metabolomic changes detected by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy during chondrogenic differentiation of 3D-cultured hMSCs in alginate beads can be considered as biomarkers of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Song-I Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
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25
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Duarte IF, Ladeirinha AF, Lamego I, Gil AM, Carvalho L, Carreira IM, Melo JB. Potential Markers of Cisplatin Treatment Response Unveiled by NMR Metabolomics of Human Lung Cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4242-51. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400335k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. F. Duarte
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A. F. Ladeirinha
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Lamego
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A. M. Gil
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - L. Carvalho
- University Hospitals of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute
of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. M. Carreira
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. B. Melo
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Hattingen E, Bähr O, Rieger J, Blasel S, Steinbach J, Pilatus U. Phospholipid metabolites in recurrent glioblastoma: in vivo markers detect different tumor phenotypes before and under antiangiogenic therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56439. [PMID: 23520454 PMCID: PMC3592858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metabolic changes upon antiangiogenic therapy of recurrent glioblastomas (rGBMs) may provide new biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Since in vitro models showed that phospholipid membrane metabolism provides specific information on tumor growth we employed in-vivo MR-spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of human rGBMs before and under bevacizumab (BVZ) to measure concentrations of phosphocholine (PCho), phosphoethanolamine (PEth), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and glyceroethanolamine (GPE). Methods 1H and 31P MRSI was prospectively performed in 32 patients with rGBMs before and under BVZ therapy at 8 weeks intervals until tumor progression. Patients were dichotomized into subjects with long overall survival (OS) (>median OS) and short OS (<median OS) survival time from BVZ-onset. Metabolite concentrations from tumor tissue and their ratios were compared to contralateral normal-appearing tissue (control). Results Before BVZ, 1H-detectable choline signals (total GPC and PCho) in rGBMs were elevated but significance failed after dichotomizing. For metabolite ratios obtained by 31P MRSI, the short-OS group showed higher PCho/GPC (p = 0.004) in rGBMs compared to control tissue before BVZ while PEth/GPE was elevated in rGBMs of both groups (long-OS p = 0.04; short-OS p = 0.003). Under BVZ, PCho/GPC and PEth/GPE in the tumor initially decreased (p = 0.04) but only PCho/GPC re-increased upon tumor progression (p = 0.02). Intriguingly, in normal-appearing tissue an initial PEth/GPE decrease (p = 0.047) was followed by an increase at the time of tumor progression (p = 0.031). Conclusion An elevated PCho/GPC ratio in the short-OS group suggests that it is a negative predictive marker for BVZ efficacy. These gliomas may represent a malignant phenotype even growing under anti-VEGF treatment. Elevated PEth/GPE may represent an in-vivo biomarker more sensitive to GBM infiltration than MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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27
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Metabolic changes during cellular senescence investigated by proton NMR-spectroscopy. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:130-8. [PMID: 23416267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is of growing interest due to its role in tumour suppression and its contribution to organismic ageing. This cellular state can be reached by replicative loss of telomeres or certain stresses in cell culture and is characterized by the termination of cell division; however, the cells remain metabolically active. To identify metabolites that are characteristic for senescent cells, extracts of human embryonic lung fibroblast (WI-38 cell line) have been investigated with NMR spectroscopy. Three different types of senescence have been characterized: replicative senescence, DNA damage-induced senescence (etoposide treatment) and oncogene-induced senescence (hyperactive RAF kinase). The metabolite pattern allows (I) discrimination of senescent and control cells and (II) discrimination of the three senescence types. Senescent cells show an increased ratio of glycerophosphocholine to phosphocholine independent from the type of senescence. The increase in glycerophosphocholine implicates a key role of phospholipid metabolism in cellular senescence. The observed changes in the choline metabolism are diametrically opposite to the well-known changes in choline metabolism of tumour cells. As tumours responding to chemotherapeutic agents show a "glycerophosphocholine-to-phosphocholine switch" i.e. an increase in glycerophosphocholine, our metabolic data suggests that these malignant cells enter a senescent state emphasizing the role of senescence in tumour suppression.
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28
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Guo J, Yao C, Chen H, Zhuang D, Tang W, Ren G, Wang Y, Wu J, Huang F, Zhou L. The relationship between Cho/NAA and glioma metabolism: implementation for margin delineation of cerebral gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154:1361-70; discussion 1370. [PMID: 22729482 PMCID: PMC3407558 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The marginal delineation of gliomas cannot be defined by conventional imaging due to their infiltrative growth pattern. Here we investigate the relationship between changes in glioma metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) and histopathological findings in order to determine an optimal threshold value of choline/N-acetyl-aspartate (Cho/NAA) that can be used to define the extent of glioma spread. Method Eighteen patients with different grades of glioma were examined using 1H-MRSI. Needle biopsies were performed under the guidance of neuronavigation prior to craniotomy. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to evaluate the accuracy of sampling. Haematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining with IDH1, MIB-1, p53, CD34 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies were performed on all samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between Cho/NAA and MIB-1, p53, CD34, and the degree of tumour infiltration. The clinical threshold ratio distinguishing tumour tissue in high-grade (grades III and IV) glioma (HGG) and low-grade (grade II) glioma (LGG) was calculated. Results In HGG, higher Cho/NAA ratios were associated with a greater probability of higher MIB-1 counts, stronger CD34 expression, and tumour infiltration. Ratio threshold values of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 appeared to predict the specimens containing the tumour with respective probabilities of 0.38, 0.60, 0.79, 0.90 in HGG and 0.16, 0.39, 0.67, 0.87 in LGG. Conclusions HGG and LGG exhibit different spectroscopic patterns. Using 1H-MRSI to guide the extent of resection has the potential to improve the clinical outcome of glioma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Chengjun Yao
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Central Wulumuqi Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Dongxiao Zhuang
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Central Wulumuqi Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Central Wulumuqi Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Fengping Huang
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Central Wulumuqi Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Central Wulumuqi Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
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29
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Kauppinen RA, Peet AC. Using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in cancer diagnostics and monitoring: preclinical and clinical approaches. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 12:665-79. [PMID: 22004946 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.8.18137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MR) based imaging has become an integrated domain in today's oncology research and clinical management of cancer patients. MR is a unique imaging modality among numerous other imaging modalities by providing access to anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular details of tumour with excellent spatial and temporal resolutions. In this review we will cover established and investigational MR imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) techniques used for cancer imaging and demonstrate wealth of information on tumour biology and clinical applications MR techniques offer for oncology research both in preclinical and clinical settings. Emphasis is given not only to the variety of information which may be obtained but also the complementary nature of the techniques. This ability to determine tumour type, grade, invasiveness, degree of hypoxia, microvacular characteristics, and metabolite phenotype, has already profoundly transformed oncology research and patient management. It is evident from the data reviewed that MR techniques will play a key role in uncovering molecular fingerprints of cancer, developing targeted treatment strategies and assessing responsiveness to treatment for personalized patient management, thereby allowing rapid translation of imaging research conclusions into the benefit of clinical oncology.
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30
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Pan X, Wilson M, Mirbahai L, McConville C, Arvanitis TN, Griffin JL, Kauppinen RA, Peet AC. In vitro metabonomic study detects increases in UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc, as early phase markers of cisplatin treatment response in brain tumor cells. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3493-500. [PMID: 21644796 DOI: 10.1021/pr200114v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is important in a number of biological processes and diseases including transcription, cell stress, diabetes, and neurodegeneration and may be a marker of tumor metastasis. Uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the donor molecule in O-GlcNAcylation, can be detected by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), giving the potential to measure its level noninvasively, providing a novel biomarker of prognosis and treatment monitoring. In this in vitro metabonomic study, four brain cancer cell lines were exposed to cisplatin and studied for metabolic responses using (1)H NMR. The Alamar blue assay and DAPI staining were used to assess cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment and to confirm cell death. It is shown that in the cisplatin responding cells, UDP-GlcNAc and uridine diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc), in parallel with (1)H NMR detected lipids, increased with cisplatin exposure before or at the onset of the microscopic signs of evolving cell death. The changes in UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc were not detected in the nonresponders. These glycosylated UDP compounds, the key substrates for glycosylation of proteins and lipids, are commonly implicated in cancer proliferation and malignant transformation. However, the present study mechanistically links UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc to cancer cell death following chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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