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Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Fan T, Yin S. The Structure Characteristics and Function of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:59-71. [PMID: 38967750 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
According to classical immunology theory, immunoglobulin (Ig) is exclusively produced by differentiated B lymphocytes, which exhibit a typical tetrapeptide chain structure and are predominantly present on the surface of B cells and in bodily fluids. B-Ig is one of the critical effector molecules for humoral immune responses specifically recognising antigens and eliminating them. However, mounting evidence has demonstrated that Ig is widely expressed in non B lineage cells, especially malignant ones (referred to as non B-Ig). Interestingly, non B-Ig mainly resides in the cytoplasm and secretion, but to some extent on the cell surface. Furthermore non B-Ig not only displays a tetrapeptide chain structure but also shows free heavy chains and free light chains (FLCs). Additionally, Ig derived from non B cancer cell typically displays unique glycosylation modifications. Functionally, non B-Ig demonstrated diversity and versatility, showing antibody activity and cellular biological activity, such as promoting cell proliferation and survival, and it is implicated in cancer progression and some immune-related diseases, such as renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Platform Biology, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianrui Fan
- Shanghai Discovery and Development Center, Abiosciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Yin
- Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Deng Z, Wang Y, Qin C, Sheng Z, Xu T, Qiu X. Expression and Clinical Significance of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins in the Urinary System and Male Reproductive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:101-117. [PMID: 38967753 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The urinary system comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra with its primary function being excretion, referring to the physiological process of transporting substances that are harmful or surplus out of the body. The male reproductive system consists of gonads (testis), vas deferens, and accessory glands such as the prostate. According to classical immunology theory, the tissues and organs mentioned above are not thought to produce immunoglobulins (Igs), and any Ig present in the relevant tissues under physiological and pathological conditions is believed to be derived from B cells. For instance, most renal diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation caused by pathogenic Ig deposited in the kidney. Generally, these pathological Igs are presumed to be produced by B cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that renal parenchymal cells can produce and secrete Igs, including IgA and IgG. Glomerular mesangial cells can express and secrete IgA, which is associated with cell survival and adhesion. Likewise, human podocytes demonstrate the ability to produce and secrete IgG, which is related to cell survival and adhesion. Furthermore, renal tubular epithelial cells also express IgG, potentially involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More significantly, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer have been revealed to express high levels of IgG, which promotes tumour progression. Given the widespread Ig expression in the urinary and male reproductive systems, continued efforts to elucidate the roles of Igs in renal physiological and pathological processes are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzuo Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zheng J, Li G, Liu W, Deng Y, Xu X. The Expression of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:11-36. [PMID: 38967747 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Although V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin (Ig) production are traditionally recognised to occur only in B lymphocytes and plasma cells, the expression of Igs in non-lymphoid cells, which we call non B cell-derived Igs (non B Igs), has been documented by growing studies. It has been demonstrated that non B-Igs can be widely expressed in most cell types, including, but not limited to, epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, myeloid cells, and cells from immune-privileged sites, such as neurons and spermatogenic cells. In particular, malignant tumour cells express high level of IgG. Moreover, different from B-Igs that mainly localised on the B cell membrane and in the serum and perform immune defence function mainly, non B-Igs have been found to distribute more widely and play critical roles in immune defence, maintaining cell proliferation and survival, and promoting progression. The findings of non B-Igs may provide a wealthier breakthrough point for more therapeutic strategies for a wide range of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - XiaoJun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang P, Zhang J, Kou W, Gu G, Zhang Y, Shi W, Chu P, Liang D, Sun G, Shang J. Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological values in spinal cord injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1141939. [PMID: 37273699 PMCID: PMC10237016 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1141939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since some of the clinical examinations are not suitable for patients with severe spinal cord injury (SCI), blood biomarkers have been reported to reflect the severity of SCI. The objective of this study was to screen out the potential biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of SCI by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The microarray expression profiles of SCI were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Core genes correlated to pyroptosis were obtained by crossing the differential genes, and module genes were obtained by WGCNA analysis and lasso regression. The immune infiltration analysis and GSEA analysis revealed the essential effect of immune cells in the progression of SCI. In addition, the accuracy of the biomarkers in diagnosing SCI was subsequently evaluated and verified using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and qRT-PCR. Results A total of 423 DEGs were identified, among which 319 genes were upregulated and 104 genes were downregulated. Based on the WGCNA analysis, six potential biomarkers were screened out, including LIN7A, FCGR1A, FGD4, GPR27, BLOC1S1, and GALNT4. The results of ROC curves demonstrated the accurate value of biomarkers related to SCI. The immune infiltration analysis and GSEA analysis revealed the essential effect of immune cells in the progression of SCI, including macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. The qRT-PCR results verified that FGD4, FCAR1A, LIN7A, BLOC1S1, and GPR27 were significantly upregulated in SCI patients. Conclusion In this study, we identified and verified five immune pyroptosis-related hub genes by WGCNA and biological experiments. It is expected that the five identified potential biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells may provide a novel strategy for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Kou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Disinfection Monitoring, Yongji Disease Control and Prevention Center, Yongji, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangjin Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Weihan Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Dachuan Liang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Shanxi Medical College Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Effect of glioma-derived immunoglobulin on biological function of glioma cells. Eur J Cancer 2022; 175:86-98. [PMID: 36096041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common and most invasive primary central nervous system tumour, and it is urgent to develop new specific therapeutic targets. Studies have confirmed that epithelial-derived tumour cells promote tumour cell proliferation and metastasis by secreting a large number of immunoglobulins (Igs), but the role of tumour-derived Igs in glioma has never been reported. METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases were used to analyse the Ig transcription and its correlation with the prognosis of patients with glioma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression of IgG and IgM in the glioma tissues of patients and glioma cell lines. When IgG was knocked down by small interfering RNA or knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9, the function of proliferation and migration of glioma cells were analysed by CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Changes in proteins and their phosphorylation in signalling pathways were detected by western blotting. The nude mouse subcutaneous tumour-bearing model was established to analyse the effect of IgG in vivo. RESULTS The transcriptional level of IgG was pretty high in glioma tissues and was positively correlated with high WHO grade, recurrence, and poor prognosis. The expression of IgG and IgM was found in tumour tissues and human glioma cell lines U87 and U251, and the main expression form was secreted. Decreased IgG inhibited the proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Knockout or knockdown of IgG downregulated the phosphorylation of the key molecules in the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway through the HGF/SF-Met or FAK/Src pathway. In vivo tumourigenesis mouse model confirmed that reduced IgG expression inhibited glioma growth. CONCLUSION Ig was expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines, and a high expression level predicted a poor prognosis of patients. Glioma-derived IgG promoted glioma cell proliferation and migration through the HGF/SF-Met or FAK/Src pathway.
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Yang S, Cui M, Liu Q, Liao Q. Glycosylation of immunoglobin G in tumors: Function, regulation and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215902. [PMID: 36096412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant component in humoral immunity and the major effector of neutralizing heterogeneous antigens. Glycosylation, as excessive posttranscriptional modification, can modulate IgG immune function. Glycosylated IgG has been reported to correlate with tumor progression, presenting several characteristic modifications, including the core fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and the bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Meanwhile, IgG glycosylation regulates tumor immunity involved in tumor progression and is thus a potential target. Herein, we summarized the research progression to provide novel insight into the application of IgG glycosylation in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wang Q, Jiang D, Ye Q, Zhou W, Ma J, Wang C, Geng Z, Chu M, Zheng J, Chen H, Huang J, Dai H, Zhang Y, She ZL, Fu N, Qiu X. A widely expressed free immunoglobulin κ chain with a unique Vκ4-1/Jκ3 pattern promotes colon cancer invasion and metastasis by activating the integrin β1/FAK pathway. Cancer Lett 2022; 540:215720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhang M, Zheng J, Guo J, Zhang Q, Du J, Zhao X, Wang Z, Liao Q. SIA-IgG confers poor prognosis and represents a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10072-10087. [PMID: 35473571 PMCID: PMC9208471 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of breast cancer is the highest in the world, and major problem in the clinical treatment is the therapy resistance of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, new therapeutic approaches targeting breast CSCs are needed. Our previous study demonstrated cancer-derived sialylated IgG (SIA-IgG) is highly expressed in cancer cells with stem/progenitor features. Furthermore, a high frequency of SIA-IgG in breast cancer tissue predicted metastasis and correlated with poor prognosis factors, and depletion of IgG in breast cancer leads to lower malignancy of cancer cells, suggesting SIA-IgG could be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this study, we first investigated the relationship of SIA-IgG expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of breast carcinoma patients, and the data confirmed that the expression of SIA-IgG confers poor prognosis in breast cancer. Successively, by using a monoclonal antibody specifically against SIA-IgG, we targeted SIA-IgG on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells and detected their functional changes, and the results suggested SIA-IgG to be a promising antibody therapeutic target in breast cancer. In addition, we explored the mechanism of action at the molecular level of SIA-IgG on breast cancer cell, the findings suggest that SIA-IgG promotes proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Developing therapeutic antibody needs effective therapeutic target, and the antibody should better be a monoclonal antibody with high affinity and high specificity. This study provides a potential prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Junying Guo
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Qiujin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
| | - Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi province, China
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Deng Z, Jing Z, Guo Y, Ma J, Yan H, Shi Z, Deng H, Liang Y, Wang S, Cui Z, Pan Y, Qiu X, Wang Y. Expression of immunoglobulin G in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:327. [PMID: 33760139 PMCID: PMC7974459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have innate immune characteristics, and produce proinflammatory factors, chemokines and complement components that drive epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our previous studies revealed that human mesangial cells and podocytes were able to synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, respectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Igs in PTECs. Firstly, IgG was detected in the cytoplasm, the cell membrane and the lumen of PTECs in the normal renal cortex by immunohistochemistry. Secondly, Igγ gene transcription and V(D)J recombination were detected in single PTECs by nested PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thirdly, Igγ, Igκ and Igλ were clearly detected in an immortalized PTEC line (HK‑2) by immunostaining and western blotting, in which RP215 (an antibody that predominantly binds to non‑B cell‑derived IgG) was used. In addition, Igγ, Igκ and Igλ gene transcripts, conservative V(D)J recombination in the Igγ variable region, recombination activating gene 1/2 and activation‑induced cytidine deaminase were all detected in HK‑2 cells. These data suggested that PTECs may express IgG in a similar manner to B cells. Furthermore, IgG expression was upregulated by TGF‑β1 and may be involved in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuejuan Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Single-Cell Sequencing Confirms Transcripts and V HDJ H Rearrangements of Immunoglobulin Genes in Human Podocytes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040472. [PMID: 33806147 PMCID: PMC8064494 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most glomerular diseases are associated with inflammation caused by deposited pathogenic immunoglobulins (Igs), which are believed to be produced by B cells. However, our previous study indicated that the human podocyte cell line can produce IgG. In this study, we aimed to confirm the transcripts and characterize the repertoires of Igs in primary podocytes at single cell level. First, single-cell RNA sequencing of cell suspensions from “normal” kidney cortexes by a 10xGenomics Chromium system detected Ig transcripts in 7/360 podocytes and Ig gene segments in 106/360 podocytes. Then, we combined nested PCR with Sanger sequencing to detect the transcripts and characterize the repertoires of Igs in 48 single podocytes and found that five classes of Ig heavy chains were amplified in podocytes. Four-hundred and twenty-nine VHDJH rearrangement sequences were analyzed; podocyte-derived Igs exhibited classic VHDJH rearrangements with nucleotide additions and somatic hypermutations, biased VH1 usage and restricted diversity. Moreover, compared with the podocytes from healthy control that usually expressed one class of Ig and one VHDJH pattern, podocytes from patients expressed more classes of Ig, VHDJH patterns and somatic hypermutations. These findings suggested that podocytes can express Igs in normal condition and increase diversity in pathological situations.
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Deng Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian X, Deng S, Sun Y, Wang S, Zheng D, Cui Z, Pan Y, A L, Yan H, Qiu X, Wang Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms IgG transcription and limited diversity of V HDJ H rearrangements in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19657. [PMID: 33184300 PMCID: PMC7661700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has confirmed that immunoglobulins (Igs) can be expressed in non-B cells. Our previous work demonstrated that mesangial cells and podocytes express IgA and IgG, respectively. The aim of this work was to reveal whether proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) express Igs. High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) detected Igs in a small number of PTECs, and then we combined nested PCR with Sanger sequencing to detect the transcripts and characterize the repertoires of Igs in PTECs. We sorted PTECs from the normal renal cortex of two patients with renal cancer by FACS and further confirmed their identify by LRP2 gene expression. Only the transcripts of the IgG heavy chain were successfully amplified in 91/111 single PTECs. We cloned and sequenced 469 VHDJH transcripts from 91 single PTECs and found that PTEC-derived IgG exhibited classic VHDJH rearrangements with nucleotide additions at the junctions and somatic hypermutations. Compared with B cell-derived IgG, PTEC-derived IgG displayed less diversity of VHDJH rearrangements, predominant VH1-24/DH2-15/JH4 sequences, biased VH1 usage, centralized VH gene segment location at the 3′ end of the genome and non-Gaussian distribution of the CDR3 length. These results demonstrate that PTECs can express a distinct IgG repertoire that may have implications for their role in the renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxia Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejuan Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lata A
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Rahimi-Balaei M, Jiao X, Dalvand A, Shabanipour S, Chung SH, Amiri S, Kong J, Marzban H. Mutations in the Reelin pathway are associated with abnormal expression of microglial IgG FC receptors in the cerebellar cortex. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5323-5331. [PMID: 32594343 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system involved in a variety of developmental processes, such as regulation of cell death and survival, spatial patterning, and contribute to the development of Purkinje cells (PCs) during migration. Microglia express immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (FcgRs). In this report, we describe microglial FcgR expression and its relation to abnormal PC migration in the cerebellum during development. To detect microglial FcgR, the direct anti-IgG (secondary antisera) and high concentrations of Triton X-100 were applied as a method for labeling microglial cells without the use of any specific primary antiserum. By using Acp2-/- mice, which show an excessive PC migration into the molecular layer (ml), and 3 different types of mice with a null to alter the Reelin pathway (Reeler-, Dab1 (SCM)-, and Apoer mutant mice), we studied the location of PCs and the expression of FcgRs. Wild type littermates were used as controls in all studies. We show that the expression of microglial FcgRs was absent and PCs were ectopically located in the white matter in the cerebella of all mutant mice, except for the Acp2-/- mice (PCs were located in the ml). These results suggest a role for FcgRs in the Reelin signaling pathway, not in regulating PC migration, but rather in the adaptation to an environment with a relatively large number of ectopically located PCs. However, the exact correlation between the ectopic location of PCs and lack of FcgRs in Reeler, SCM, and Apoer-/- mice and the presence of FcgRs and directed PC location in the ml in Acp2-/- mice are yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Azadeh Dalvand
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shahin Shabanipour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Seung H Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jimig Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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13
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Liang Y, Zhang Z, Juan Z, Zhang R, Zhang C. The high-affinity IgG receptor FcγRI modulates peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Brain 2019; 12:83. [PMID: 31640731 PMCID: PMC6805563 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) is the high-affinity receptor of the immunoglobulin G protein (IgG). It is usually expressed in immune cells and has recently been identified to distribute in the nervous system and play critical roles in various neurological disorders. Presently, the impacts of FcγRI in neuropathic pain was largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the impacts of FcγRI in neuropathic pain through pain-related neurobehavioral studies and underlying mechanisms by biochemical methods in animal and cell models. Specifically, we first utilized the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model that displayed neuropathic pain related symptoms and signs, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. These neurobehavioral defects were significantly attenuated by the anti-FcγRI antibody, which was associated with reduced levels of neuropeptide substance P, C3, and TNF-α. Furthermore, we validated our animal findings using the embryonically neural crest-originated PC12 cell model. We found that stimulation of the IgG immune complex led to increased levels of FcγRI and inflammatory mediators, which were attenuated by the anti-FcγRI antibody in these cells. Collectively, our results from animal and cell-based studies suggest that FcγRI is a critical player for peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by mediating pain-related immunological events, which therefore may provide a new therapeutic target for protection against chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.,Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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14
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Crosson T, Roversi K, Balood M, Othman R, Ahmadi M, Wang JC, Seadi Pereira PJ, Tabatabaei M, Couture R, Eichwald T, Latini A, Prediger RD, Rangachari M, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Talbot S. Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger - new and old foes. J Intern Med 2019; 286:268-289. [PMID: 31282104 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro-immune interplay is still ill-defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH 1-mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH 2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide-ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosson
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Roversi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Balood
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Othman
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-C Wang
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M Tabatabaei
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Couture
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Eichwald
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Talbot
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Kuot A, Ronci M, Mills R, Klebe S, Snibson G, Wiffen S, Loh R, Corbett M, Zhou T, Chataway T, Burdon KP, Craig JE, Urbani A, Sharma S. Reduced expression of apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 proteins in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 47:1028-1042. [PMID: 31206232 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive and potentially a sight threatening disease, and a common indication for corneal grafting in the elderly. Aberrant thickening of Descemet's membrane, formation of microscopic excrescences (guttae) and gradual loss of corneal endothelial cells are the hallmarks of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify differentially abundant proteins between FECD-affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane. METHODS Label-free quantitative proteomics using nanoscale ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nUPLC-MSE ) was employed on affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane extracts, and interesting findings were further investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics revealed significantly lower abundance of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein (IGHG1) in affected Descemet's membrane. The difference in the distribution of APOE between affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane and of IGHG1 detected by immunohistochemistry support their down-regulation in the disease. Comparative gene expression analysis showed significantly lower APOE mRNA levels in FECD-affected than unaffected corneal endothelium. IGHG1 gene is expressed at extremely low levels in the corneal endothelium, precluding relative expression analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report comparative proteomics of Descemet's membrane tissue, and implicates dysregulation of APOE and IGHG1 proteins in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Kuot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Richard Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant Snibson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Wiffen
- The Lions Eye Bank of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raymond Loh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Corbett
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- Department of Human Physiology, Proteomics Laboratory, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Gunasekaran M, Chatterjee PK, Shih A, Imperato GH, Addorisio M, Kumar G, Lee A, Graf JF, Meyer D, Marino M, Puleo C, Ashe J, Cox MA, Mak TW, Bouton C, Sherry B, Diamond B, Andersson U, Coleman TR, Metz CN, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Immunization Elicits Antigen-Specific Antibody Sequestration in Dorsal Root Ganglia Sensory Neurons. Front Immunol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29755449 PMCID: PMC5932385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems are two major organ systems responsible for host defense and memory. Both systems achieve memory and learning that can be retained, retrieved, and utilized for decades. Here, we report the surprising discovery that peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of immunized mice contain antigen-specific antibodies. Using a combination of rigorous molecular genetic analyses, transgenic mice, and adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that DRGs do not synthesize these antigen-specific antibodies, but rather sequester primarily IgG1 subtype antibodies. As revealed by RNA-seq and targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons harvested from either naïve or immunized mice lack enzymes (i.e., RAG1, RAG2, AID, or UNG) required for generating antibody diversity and, therefore, cannot make antibodies. Additionally, transgenic mice that express a reporter fluorescent protein under the control of Igγ1 constant region fail to express Ighg1 transcripts in DRG sensory neurons. Furthermore, neural sequestration of antibodies occurs in mice rendered deficient in neuronal Rag2, but antibody sequestration is not observed in DRG sensory neurons isolated from mice that lack mature B cells [e.g., Rag1 knock out (KO) or μMT mice]. Finally, adoptive transfer of Rag1-deficient bone marrow (BM) into wild-type (WT) mice or WT BM into Rag1 KO mice revealed that antibody sequestration was observed in DRG sensory neurons of chimeric mice with WT BM but not with Rag1-deficient BM. Together, these results indicate that DRG sensory neurons sequester and retain antigen-specific antibodies released by antibody-secreting plasma cells. Coupling this work with previous studies implicating DRG sensory neurons in regulating antigen trafficking during immunization raises the interesting possibility that the nervous system collaborates with the immune system to regulate antigen-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Shih
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gavin H. Imperato
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Meghan Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gopal Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Annette Lee
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - John F. Graf
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Dan Meyer
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Ashe
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Maureen A. Cox
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Bouton
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas R. Coleman
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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17
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Jing Z, Deng H, Ma J, Guo Y, Liang Y, Wu R, A L, Geng Z, Qiu X, Wang Y. Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3296-3306. [PMID: 29512722 PMCID: PMC5881685 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury occurs during the initiation and development of numerous forms of glomerular disease, and antibodies targeting podocytes have become a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. Accumulating evidence has suggested that immunoglobulin (Ig) is expressed in non‑B lineage cells, including epithelial cancer cells, myeloid cells and several types of normal cells. The main aim of the present study was to ascertain the expression of IgG in human podocytes and to determine its potential role in cellular bioactivity. The present study detected positive staining for IgG heavy chain (Igγ) and its subtype γ4, and the light chains κ and λ in the cytoplasm or on the membrane by immunofluorescence. In addition, positive bands were detected for Igγ, γ1, γ3, γ4, κ and λ in the lysates of a podocyte cell line by western blotting. Mass spectrometry confirmed IgG1 as an intact tetramer in the culture supernatant. Constant region transcripts of Igγ, γ1, γ3, γ4, κ and λ were identified by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing of these transcripts revealed 96‑99% similarity with Ig mRNAs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Compared with the diverse gene rearrangements from B cell-derived Ig, podocyte‑derived Ig exhibited conservative V(D)J patterns in the variable regions of Igγ and κ chains. Furthermore, the present study investigated the mechanism underlying IgG production in these cells by examining the expression of recombination activating gene (RAG)1, RAG2 and activation‑induced cytidine deaminase. The expression levels of these proteins suggested that podocyte‑derived Ig and traditional Ig may be generated in a similar manner. Furthermore, small interfering RNA‑mediated downregulation of IgG expression reduced podocyte viability and adhesive capabilities. These findings suggested that IgG is expressed in podocytes and that this expression may be associated with podocyte function. Due to its potential biological and clinical significance, this phenomenon warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lata A
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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18
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Xing C, Lo EH. Help-me signaling: Non-cell autonomous mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurorecovery. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 152:181-199. [PMID: 27079786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-preservation is required for life. At the cellular level, this fundamental principle is expressed in the form of molecular mechanisms for preconditioning and tolerance. When the cell is threatened, internal cascades of survival signaling become triggered to protect against cell death and defend against future insults. Recently, however, emerging findings suggest that this principle of self-preservation may involve not only intracellular signals; the release of extracellular signals may provide a way to recruit adjacent cells into an amplified protective program. In the central nervous system where multiple cell types co-exist, this mechanism would allow threatened neurons to "ask for help" from glial and vascular compartments. In this review, we describe this new concept of help-me signaling, wherein damaged or diseased neurons release signals that may shift glial and vascular cells into potentially beneficial phenotypes, and help remodel the neurovascular unit. Understanding and dissecting these non-cell autonomous mechanisms of self-preservation in the CNS may lead to novel opportunities for neuroprotection and neurorecovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Xing
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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19
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Liang J, Guan M, Huang G, Qiu H, Chen Z, Li G, Huang Y. Highly sensitive covalently functionalized light-addressable potentiometric sensor for determination of biomarker. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:185-91. [PMID: 27040210 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is related to the biological status of a living organism and shows great promise for the early prediction of a related disease. Herein we presented a novel structured light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) for the determination of a model biomarker, human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). In this system, the goat anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody was used as recognition element and covalently immobilized on the surface of light-addressable potentiometric sensor chip to capture human immunoglobulin G. Due to the light addressable capability of light-addressable potentiometric sensor, human immunoglobulin G dissolved in the supporting electrolyte solution can be detected by monitoring the potential shifts of the sensor. In order to produce a stable photocurrent, the laser diode controlled by field-programmable gate array was used as the light emitter to drive the light-addressable potentiometric sensor. A linear correlation between the potential shift response and the concentration of human immunoglobulin G was achieved and the corresponding regression equation was ΔV (V)=0.00714ChIgG (μg/mL)-0.0147 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9968 over a range 0-150 μg/mL. Moreover, the light-addressable potentiometric sensor system also showed acceptable stability and reproducibility. All the results demonstrated that the system was more applicable to detection of disease biomarkers with simple operation, multiple-sample format and might hold great promise in various environmental, food, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Mingyuan Guan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Guoyin Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hengming Qiu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhengcheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Guiyin Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
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20
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Yan M, Zhang X, Pu Q, Huang T, Xie Q, Wang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Gu H, Huang T, Li Z, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G Expression in Human Sperm and Possible Functional Significance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20166. [PMID: 26833114 PMCID: PMC4735602 DOI: 10.1038/srep20166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the major molecule of the immune system, which was traditionally thought to be produced by differentiated B-lymphocytes, had recently been found in non-immune cells including spermatozoa of rabbit testis. To study if human sperms could produce IgG that might play a role in fertilization, we employed immunofluorescent staining, Western blot, in situ hybridization, RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and immunoelectron microscope and found that human sperms were capable of synthesizing IgG. IgG protein and mRNA were detected in the cytoplasm, mainly the neck region of the sperm and IgG immunoreactivity was found to cover the entire sperm cell. The essential enzymes necessary for IgG synthesis and class switching, RAG1 (recombination activating gene 1), RAG2 (recombination activating gene 2) and AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase), were also detected in the sperm cells. Furthermore, we found that anti-IgG antibody could inhibit sperm from penetrating Zona-free hamster egg with statistical significance. These discoveries suggested that immunoglobulin G could be produced by human sperms and it might play a role during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinxue Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Syed P, Gupta S, Choudhary S, Pandala NG, Atak A, Richharia A, K P M, Zhu H, Epari S, Noronha SB, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Autoantibody Profiling of Glioma Serum Samples to Identify Biomarkers Using Human Proteome Arrays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13895. [PMID: 26370624 PMCID: PMC4570193 DOI: 10.1038/srep13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity and poor prognosis associated with gliomas, makes biomarker identification imperative. Here, we report autoantibody signatures across various grades of glioma serum samples and sub-categories of glioblastoma multiforme using Human Proteome chips containing ~17000 full-length human proteins. The deduced sets of classifier proteins helped to distinguish Grade II, III and IV samples from the healthy subjects with 88, 89 and 94% sensitivity and 87, 100 and 73% specificity, respectively. Proteins namely, SNX1, EYA1, PQBP1 and IGHG1 showed dysregulation across various grades. Sub-classes of GBM, based on its proximity to the sub-ventricular zone, have been reported to have different prognostic outcomes. To this end, we identified dysregulation of NEDD9, a protein involved in cell migration, with probable prognostic potential. Another subcategory of patients where the IDH1 gene is mutated, are known to have better prognosis as compared to patients carrying the wild type gene. On a comparison of these two cohorts, we found STUB1 and YWHAH proteins dysregulated in Grade II glioma patients. In addition to common pathways associated with tumourigenesis, we found enrichment of immunoregulatory and cytoskeletal remodelling pathways, emphasizing the need to explore biochemical alterations arising due to autoimmune responses in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Syed
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shabarni Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Saket Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Narendra Goud Pandala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Annie Richharia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Manubhai K P
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences/High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Santosh B Noronha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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22
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Liu J, Xia M, Wang P, Wang C, Geng Z, Cameron Yin C, Zhang C, Qiu X. Immunoglobulin gene expression in umbilical cord blood-derived CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Gene 2015; 575:108-17. [PMID: 26364572 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, immunoglobulin (Ig) expression was reported in a variety of non-B lineage cells, including myeloid cells. We assessed whether hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) can express Ig. With Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray database analysis, we found that IGHM was expressed with the highest frequency and level in umbilical cord blood CD34(+) HSC/HPCs, followed by IGK@, IGHE, IGHD, IGHG1, and IGHA1, while IGL@ was nearly not expressed. Ig expression was further confirmed by molecular experiments and immunofluorescence. Moreover, HSC/HPCs-derived Ig displayed restricted/biased usages and VHDJH rearrangement patterns. These results suggest that Igs, especially IgM, may have a role in CD34(+) HSC/HPCs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Miaoran Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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23
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Yang M, Ha C, Liu D, Xu Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Nian Y. IgG expression in trophoblasts derived from placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease and its role in regulating invasion. Immunol Res 2015; 60:91-104. [PMID: 24469916 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an important humoral immune factor, which plays a role in innate immunity of the fetus. IgG immunoreactivity was often seen in trophoblasts of placenta. Traditionally, IgG in trophoblasts was believed to be transported from the maternal blood through neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Here, we explored the phenomenon of IgG expression and its role in regulating invasion in trophoblasts derived from normal placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). IgG expression was detected with an emphasis on mRNA transcripts by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and hybridization in situ, besides evaluated at the protein level with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The migration and attachment of normal trophoblast cell line (TEV-1) and choriocarcinoma cell line (JAR) were inhibited with down-regulation of IgG expression. Methotrexate promoted the differentiation of JAR cell line; however, it had little effect on the differentiation of TEV-1 cell line. IgG expression, migration, and attachment of JAR and TEV-1 cell lines were decreased in the presence of methotrexate. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that the differences in migration and attachment were significant (P < 0.05) for JAR cell line, while no significant difference was found for TEV-1 cell line. Collectively, these results confirmed that with the progression from normal placenta to GTD, the expression of IgG was increased in trophoblasts, which might actively promote the migration and attachment of trophoblasts as an important regulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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24
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Liu Y, Liu D, Wang C, Liao Q, Huang J, Jiang D, Shao W, Yin CC, Zhang Y, Lee G, Qiu X. Binding of the monoclonal antibody RP215 to immunoglobulin G in metastatic lung adenocarcinomas is correlated with poor prognosis. Histopathology 2015; 67:645-53. [PMID: 25753759 DOI: 10.1111/his.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer cell-derived immunoglobulin (Ig)G (cancer-IgG) has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many cancers, including lung cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cancer-IgG expression in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an RP215 monoclonal antibody to determine cancer-IgG expression in 140 lung ADC patients. Cell migration and invasion were analysed in A549 cell line after short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of IgG and cell sorting by flow cytometry. Our results show that RP215 immunostaining score is correlated significantly with local invasion (P < 0.05) and tumour differentiation (P < 0.05) in ADC. Moreover, RP215 staining was significantly higher in metastatic tumours than in primary tumours (P < 0.0001). The knockdown of IgG resulted in a reduction of cell migration and invasion. In contrast, RP215-positive cells displayed greater migration and invasion ability than RP215-negative cells. Additionally, a higher RP215 immunostaining score was associated significantly with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS RP215 staining is correlated strongly with differentiation, local invasion, metastasis and clinical outcome of patients with lung ADC. Our results suggest that RP215 can serve as a biomarker for prognosis of lung ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Youhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory Lee
- Andrology Laboratory, University of British Columbia Centre for Reproductive Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
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25
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Gu J, Lei Y, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Huang T, Zhang J, Wang J, Deng X, Chen Z, Korteweg C, Deng R, Yan M, Xu Q, Dong S, Cai M, Luo L, Huang G, Wang Y, Li Q, Lin C, Su M, Yang C, Zhuang Z. Fab fragment glycosylated IgG may play a central role in placental immune evasion. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:380-91. [PMID: 25505012 PMCID: PMC4303772 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does the placenta protect the fetus from immune rejection by the mother? SUMMARY ANSWER The placenta can produce IgG that is glycosylated at one of its Fab arms (asymmetric IgG; aIgG) which can interact with other antibodies and certain leukocytes to affect local immune reactions at the junction between the two genetically distinct entities. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The placenta can protect the semi-allogenic fetus from immune rejection by the immune potent mother. aIgG in serum is increased during pregnancy and returns to the normal range after giving birth. aIgG can react to antigens to form immune complexes which do not cause a subsequent immune effector reaction, including fixing complements, inducing cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and therefore has been called 'blocking antibody'. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Eighty-eight human placentas, four trophoblast cell lines (TEV-1, JAR, JEG and BeWo), primary culture of human placental trophoblasts and a gene knock-out mouse model were investigated in this study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The general approach included the techniques of cell culture, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immuno-electron microscopy, western blot, quantitative PCR, protein isolation, glycosylation analysis, enzyme digestion, gene sequencing, mass spectrophotometry, laser-guided microdissection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pulse chase assay, double and multiple staining to analyze protein and DNA and RNA analysis at the cellular and molecular levels. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Three major discoveries were made: (i) placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells are capable of producing IgG, a significant portion of which is aberrantly glycosylated at one of its Fab arms to form aIgG; (ii) the asymmetrically glycosylated IgG produced by trophoblasts and endothelial cells can react to immunoglobulin molecules of human, rat, mouse, goat and rabbit at the Fc portion; (iii) asymmetrically glycosylated IgG can react to certain leukocytes in the membrane and cytoplasm, while symmetric IgG from the placenta does not have this property. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Most of the experiments were performed in vitro. The proposed mechanism calls for verification in normal and abnormal pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study identified a number of new phenomena suggesting that aIgG produced by the placenta would be able to react to detrimental antibodies and leukocytes and interfere with their immune reactions against the placenta and the fetus. This opens a new dimension for further studies on pregnancy physiology and immunology. Should the mechanism proposed here be confirmed, it will have a direct impact on our understanding of the physiology and pathology of human reproduction and offer new possibilities for the treatment of many diseases including spontaneous abortion, infertility and pre-eclampsia. It also sheds light on the mechanism of immune evasion in general including that of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China Translational Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yuanping Huang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Juping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Christine Korteweg
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ruishu Deng
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shengnan Dong
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Monghong Cai
- Translational Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrician, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Changmei Lin
- Department of Fertility, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Meng Su
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 10, Room 5D 37, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 10, Room 5D 37, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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IgG and IgA with potential microbial-binding activity are expressed by normal human skin epidermal cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2574-90. [PMID: 25625513 PMCID: PMC4346852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system of the skin is thought to depend largely on a multi-layered mechanical barrier supplemented by epidermis-derived antimicrobial peptides. To date, there are no reports of antimicrobial antibody secretion by the epidermis. In this study, we report the expression of functional immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), previously thought to be only produced by B cells, in normal human epidermal cells and the human keratinocyte line HaCaT. While B cells express a fully diverse Ig, epidermal cell-expressed IgG or IgA showed one or two conservative VHDJH rearrangements in each individual. These unique VDJ rearrangements in epidermal cells were found neither in the B cell-derived Ig VDJ databases published by others nor in our positive controls. IgG and IgA from epidermal cells of the same individual had different VDJ rearrangement patterns. IgG was found primarily in prickle cells, and IgA was mainly detected in basal cells. Both epidermal cell-derived IgG and IgA showed potential antibody activity by binding pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogenic skin bacteria, but the microbial-binding profile was different. Our data indicates that normal human epidermal cells spontaneously express IgG and IgA, and we speculate that these Igs participate in skin innate immunity.
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27
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Lei Y, Huang T, Su M, Luo J, Korteweg C, Li J, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu X, Yan M, Wang Y, Gu J. Expression and distribution of immunoglobulin G in the normal liver, hepatocarcinoma and postpartial hepatectomy liver. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1283-95. [PMID: 25264708 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has the extraordinary properties of regeneration and immune tolerance; however, the mechanisms governing these abilities are poorly understood. To address these questions, we examined the possible expression of immunoglobulins in the human and rat liver and the relationship of IgG expression to hepatocyte proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and immune tolerance. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, laser-guided microdissection and reverse transcription-PCR were performed to examine the expression of IgG in normal human and rat liver, severe combined immunodeficient mouse (SCID) liver and human liver cancers and corresponding cell lines. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into cultured hepatocarcinoma cells to downregulate the expression of IgG heavy chain genes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed with flow cytometry. Cell metastasis was assayed with a Transwell cell assay. Partial hepatectomy (70%) was performed in rats to examine the relationship between hepatocyte IgG and hepatocyte proliferation. IgG, together with essential enzymes for its synthesis, were expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of normal adult human and hepatoma patients and rat livers, SCID mouse liver and BRL-3A, L-02 and HepG-2 cell lines. Downregulation of IgG inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis. Postsurgery livers expressed significantly more IgG than the livers before surgery and decreased to the original levels when hepatocytes stopped regeneration. IgA and IgM but not IgD and IgE were also positive in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that normal and malignant hepatocytes are capable of synthesizing immunoglobulin, which has important roles in hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and cancer growth with profound clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meng Su
- 1] Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Christine Korteweg
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yamei Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- 1] Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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28
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Wang J, Lin D, Peng H, Huang Y, Huang J, Gu J. Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G promotes tumor cell growth and proliferation through inducing production of reactive oxygen species. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e945. [PMID: 24309932 PMCID: PMC3877547 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have been found to express immunoglobulin G (IgG), but the exact functions and underlying mechanisms of cancer-derived IgG remain elusive. In this study, we first confirmed that downregulation of IgG restrained the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate its mechanism, we carried out a co-immunoprecipitation assay in HeLa cells and identified 27 potential IgG-interacting proteins. Among them, receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1), ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) and peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) are closely related to cell growth and oxidative stress, which prompted us to investigate the mechanism of action of IgG in the above phenomena. Upon confirmation of the interactions between IgG and the three proteins, further experiments revealed that downregulation of cancer-derived IgG lowered levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing cellular total antioxidant capacity. In addition, a few ROS scavengers, including catalase (CAT), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), n-acetylcysteine (NAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), further inhibited the growth of IgG-deficient cancer cells through suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway induced by a low level of intracellular ROS, whereas exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at low concentration promoted their survival via increasing intracellular ROS levels. Similar results were obtained in an animal model and human tissues. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cancer-derived IgG can enhance the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via inducing the production of ROS at low level. These findings provide new clues for understanding tumor proliferation and designing cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - D Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - H Peng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Y Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - J Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - J Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. Tel: +86 754 88900207; Fax: +86 754 88950293; E-mail:
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29
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Kraneveld AD, de Theije CGM, van Heesch F, Borre Y, de Kivit S, Olivier B, Korte M, Garssen J. The neuro-immune axis: prospect for novel treatments for mental disorders. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:128-36. [PMID: 24118847 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed bidirectional pathways between the (central) nervous system and immune system have been implicated in various mental disorders, including depressive and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this minireview, the role of the neuro-immune axis and its targetability in relation to major depression and autism spectrum disorder will be discussed. All together, the management of these and possibly other multi-factorial mental disorders needs a new and integrated therapeutic approach. Pharmacologically bioactive molecules as well as medical nutrition targeting the (gut)-immune-brain axis could be such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Niu N, Li B, McNutt MA. Neuron-derived IgG protects neurons from complement-dependent cytotoxicity. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:869-79. [PMID: 23979841 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413504196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunity of the nervous system has traditionally been thought to be predominantly due to the blood-brain barrier. This concept must now be revisited based on the existence of neuron-derived IgG. The conventional concept is that IgG is produced solely by mature B lymphocytes, but it has now been found to be synthesized by murine and human neurons. However, the function of this endogenous IgG is poorly understood. In this study, we confirm IgG production by rat cortical neurons at the protein and mRNA levels, with 69.0 ± 5.8% of cortical neurons IgG-positive. Injury to primary-culture neurons was induced by complement leading to increases in IgG production. Blockage of neuron-derived IgG resulted in more neuronal death and early apoptosis in the presence of complement. In addition, FcγRI was found in microglia and astrocytes. Expression of FcγR I in microglia was increased by exposure to neuron-derived IgG. Release of NO from microglia triggered by complement was attenuated by neuron-derived IgG, and this attenuation could be reversed by IgG neutralization. These data demonstrate that neuron-derived IgG is protective of neurons against injury induced by complement and microglial activation. IgG appears to play an important role in maintaining the stability of the nervous system.
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Zhang J, Niu N, Wang M, McNutt MA, Zhang D, Zhang B, Lu S, Liu Y, Liu Z. Neuron-derived IgG protects dopaminergic neurons from insult by 6-OHDA and activates microglia through the FcγR I and TLR4 pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1911-20. [PMID: 23791745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and immune attacks from the environment or microglia have been implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease. The role of IgG which is an important immunologic molecule in the process of Parkinson's disease has been unclear. Evidence suggests that IgG can be produced by neurons in addition to its traditionally recognized source B lymphocytes, but its function in neurons is poorly understood. In this study, extensive expression of neuron-derived IgG was demonstrated in dopaminergic neurons of human and rat mesencephalon. With an in vitro Parkinson's disease model, we found that neuron-derived IgG can improve the survival and reduce apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons induced by 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity, and also depress the release of NO from microglia triggered by 6-hydroxydopamine. Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in microglia was elevated to protective levels by neuron-derived IgG at a physiologic level via the FcγR I and TLR4 pathways and microglial activation could be attenuated by IgG blocking. All these data suggested that neuron-derived IgG may exert a self-protective function by activating microglia properly, and IgG may be involved in maintaining immunity homeostasis in the central nervous system and serve as an active factor under pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Wang S, Huang G, Wang Y, Huang T, Lin S, Gu J. Up-regulation of immunoglobulin G gene expression in the hippocampus of rats subjected to acute immobilization stress. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 258:1-9. [PMID: 23531367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is thought to be produced by matured B lymphocytes, however, it was recently found to be synthesized in neurons of the brain, especially showing higher expression level in the hippocampus. To study the possible effects of IgG in the hippocampus, we examined IgG protein and mRNA expressions in rat hippocampal neurons with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and laser microdissection-assisted RT-PCR. Increased IgG expressions at both protein and mRNA levels were detected in the hippocampus of an acute immobilization stress model of rat. No change was observed in the cortex or the thalamus. Furthermore, the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and β III tubulin proteins did not show significant changes. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that hippocampal IgG may play a key role in adverse circumstances such as stress. The finding of increased IgG expression in the hippocampus following stress may also provide possibilities for developing antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wei X, McNutt MA, Lu S, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang M, Lin Z, Niu N. SATB1 expression is associated with biologic behavior in colorectal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e47902. [PMID: 23326301 PMCID: PMC3543436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is aberrantly expressed in several cancers and is correlated with clinicopathologic parameters in these tumors. In this study, we showed over-expression of SATB1 in 80 cases of colorectal cancer and in 3 colorectal cancer cell lines and found expression levels were strongly associated with tumor differentiation and stage. Expression levels of SATB1 protein were higher in poorly-differentiated as compared with well-differentiated cell lines, and both quantity and distribution patterns of SATB1 were associated with tumor differentiation and pTNM stage. Strikingly, we further investigated the effect of down regulation of SATB1 expression on malignant phenotypic features in colorectal cancer cells in vitro, and showed that SABT1 down-regulation negatively affected growth potential, anchorage-independent colony formation and cancer cell invasion, and resulted in increased apoptosis. SATB1 expression was positively associated with the expression of various biological and genetic markers, including Cyclin D1, MMP-2, NF-κB, and PCNA, and was associated with loss of APC and BRAFV600E. These findings suggest that SATB1 is involved in the carcinogenesis, development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, affiliated hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingui Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Michael A. McNutt
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- * E-mail:
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Antibody-aided clearance of extracellular α-synuclein prevents cell-to-cell aggregate transmission. J Neurosci 2012; 32:13454-69. [PMID: 23015436 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1292-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal deposition and intercellular propagation of α-synuclein plays a central role in the pathogenesis of disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Previous studies demonstrated that immunization against α-synuclein resulted in reduced α-synuclein accumulation and synaptic loss in a transgenic (tg) mouse model, highlighting the potential for immunotherapy. However, the mechanism by which immunization prevents synucleinopathy-associated deficits remains unknown. Here, we show that antibodies against α-synuclein specifically target and aid in clearance of extracellular α-synuclein proteins by microglia, thereby preventing their actions on neighboring cells. Antibody-assisted clearance occurs mainly in microglia through the Fcγ receptor, and not in neuronal cells or astrocytes. Stereotaxic administration of antibody into the brains of α-synuclein tg mice prevented neuron-to-astroglia transmission of α-synuclein and led to increased localization of α-synuclein and the antibody in microglia. Furthermore, passive immunization with α-synuclein antibody reduced neuronal and glial accumulation of α-synuclein and ameliorated neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits associated with α-synuclein overexpression. These findings provide an underlying mechanistic basis for immunotherapy for PD/DLB and suggest extracellular forms of α-synuclein as potential therapeutic targets.
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IgG expression in human colorectal cancer and its relationship to cancer cell behaviors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47362. [PMID: 23133595 PMCID: PMC3486799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that various cancer cell types are capable of producing IgG. The exact function of cancer-derived IgG has, however, not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated the expression of IgG genes with V(D)J recombination in 80 cases of colorectal cancers, 4 colon cancer cell lines and a tumor bearing immune deficient mouse model. IgG expression was associated with tumor differentiation, pTNM stage, lymph node involvement and inflammatory infiltration and positively correlated with the expressions of Cyclin D1, NF-κB and PCNA. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of cancer-derived IgG on the malignant behaviors of colorectal cancer cells and showed that blockage of IgG resulted in increased apoptosis and negatively affected the potential for anchor-independent colony formation and cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest that IgG synthesized by colorectal cancer cells is involved in the development and growth of colorectal cancer and blockage of IgG may be a potential therapy in treating this cancer.
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Niu N, Chang Q, Deng R, Korteweg C, Gu J. IgG gene expression and its possible significance in prostate cancers. Prostate 2012; 72:690-701. [PMID: 22430367 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of recent advances in treatment strategies, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men with its genetic and biologic behaviors still poorly understood. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that cancer cells, as well as some normal cells can secret IgG. This study was designed to evaluate IgG gene expression and its possible significance in PCa tissue samples and cell lines. METHODS IgG expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The possible significance of IgG was evaluated on tissue array and cell lines. To assess cell viability and proliferation, MTS assay was carried out. Apoptosis was evaluated with propidium iodide and annexin-V staining. RESULTS Expressions of IgG and its related genes were detected in cell lines. Abundant gene expressions of Igγ and Igκ chain were detected in PCa tissue samples, but not in normal prostate tissues. In addition, IgG expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in the benign prostate hyperplasia tissues (P < 0.001). Igγ expression was positively correlated to Gleason score and histological grade (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that anti-human monoclonal IgG antibody suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in cultured PCa cells. CONCLUSION IgG gene expression in PCa is related to cell differentiation and clinical status. PCa cell produced IgG is involved in the biological behavior of this cancer and may serve as a useful marker for cancer cell differentiation and prognosis. Locally produced IgG could be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Qiu Y, Korteweg C, Chen Z, Li J, Luo J, Huang G, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G expression and its colocalization with complement proteins in papillary thyroid cancer. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:36-45. [PMID: 21909078 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Except for the well-known immunoglobulin G (IgG) producing cell types, ie, mature B lymphocytes and plasma cells, various non-lymphoid cell types, including human cancer cells, neurons, and some specified epithelial cells, have been found to express IgG. In this study, we detected the expression of the heavy chain of IgG (IgGγ) and kappa light chain (Igκ) in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Using in situ hybridization, we detected the constant region of human IgG1 (IGHG1) in papillary thyroid cancer cells. With laser capture microdissection followed by RT-PCR, mRNA transcripts of IGHG1, Igκ, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), RAG2, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase genes were successfully amplified from isolated papillary thyroid cancer cells. We further confirmed IgG protein expression with immunohistochemistry and found that none of the IgG receptors was expressed in papillary thyroid cancer. Differences in the level of IgGγ expression between tumor size, between papillary thyroid cancer and normal thyroid tissue, as well as between papillary thyroid cancer with and without lymph node metastasis were significant. Taken together, these results indicate that IgG is produced by papillary thyroid cancer cells and that it might be positively related to the growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that IgGγ colocalized with complement proteins in the same cancer cells, which could indicate that immune complexes were formed. Such immune complexes might consist of IgG synthesized by the host against tumor surface antigens and locally produced anti-idiotypic IgG with specificity for the variable region of these 'primary' antibodies. The cancer cells might thus escape the host tumor-antigen-specific immune responses, hence promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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38
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Chen Z, Li J, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ma C, Qiu Y, Luo J, Huang G, Korteweg C, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G locus events in soft tissue sarcoma cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21276. [PMID: 21731691 PMCID: PMC3121753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently immunoglobulins (Igs) have been found to be expressed by cells other than B lymphocytes, including various human carcinoma cells. Sarcomas are derived from mesenchyme, and the knowledge about the occurrence of Ig production in sarcoma cells is very limited. Here we investigated the phenomenon of immunoglobulin G (IgG) expression and its molecular basis in 3 sarcoma cell lines. The mRNA transcripts of IgG heavy chain and kappa light chain were detected by RT-PCR. In addition, the expression of IgG proteins was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Immuno-electron microscopy localized IgG to the cell membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The essential enzymes required for gene rearrangement and class switch recombination, and IgG germ-line transcripts were also identified in these sarcoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results demonstrated histone H3 acetylation of both the recombination activating gene and Ig heavy chain regulatory elements. Collectively, these results confirmed IgG expression in sarcoma cells, the mechanism of which is very similar to that regulating IgG expression in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanna Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking (Beijing) University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking (Beijing) University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changchun Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yamei Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Christine Korteweg
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking (Beijing) University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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