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Kyurkchiyan SG, Stancheva G, Petkova V, Panova S, Dobriyanova V, Stancheva I, Marinov V, Zahariev Z, Kaneva RP, Popov TM. Peritumor Mucosa in Advanced Laryngeal Carcinoma Exhibits an Aberrant Proangiogenic Signature Distinctive from the Expression Pattern in Adjacent Tumor Tissue. Cells 2024; 13:633. [PMID: 38607072 PMCID: PMC11011860 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The field cancerization theory is an important paradigm in head and neck carcinoma as its oncological repercussions affect treatment outcomes in diverse ways. The aim of this study is to assess the possible interconnection between peritumor mucosa and the process of tumor neoangiogenesis. Sixty patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients express a canonical HIF-upregulated proangiogenic signature with almost complete predominancy of HIF-1α overexpression and normal expression levels of the HIF-2α isoform. Remarkably, more than 60% of the whole cohort also exhibited an HIF-upregulated proangiogenic signature in the peritumoral benign mucosa. Additionally, the latter subgroup had a distinctly shifted phenotype towards HIF-2α upregulation compared to the one in tumor tissue, i.e., a tendency towards an HIF switch is observed in contrast to the dominated by HIF-1α tumor phenotype. ETS-1 displays stable and identical significant overexpression in both the proangiogenic phenotypes present in tumor and peritumoral mucosa. In the current study, we report for the first time the existence of an abnormal proangiogenic expression profile present in the peritumoral mucosa in advanced laryngeal carcinoma when compared to paired distant laryngeal mucosa. Moreover, we describe a specific phenotype of this proangiogenic signature that is significantly different from the one present in tumor tissue as we delineate both phenotypes, quantitively and qualitatively. This finding is cancer heterogeneity, per se, which extends beyond the "classical" borders of the malignancy, and it is proof of a strong interconnection between field cancerization and one of the classical hallmarks of cancer-the process of tumor neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva G. Kyurkchiyan
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.K.); (R.P.K.)
| | - Gergana Stancheva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.K.); (R.P.K.)
| | - Veronika Petkova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.K.); (R.P.K.)
| | - Stiliana Panova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.K.); (R.P.K.)
| | | | - Iglika Stancheva
- Department of ENT, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Venelin Marinov
- Department of ENT, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zahari Zahariev
- Department of ENT, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka P. Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.K.); (R.P.K.)
| | - Todor M. Popov
- Department of ENT, Medical University—Sofia, 1463 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Familiari P, Relucenti M, Lapolla P, Palmieri M, Antonelli M, Cristiano L, Barbaranelli C, Catalano M, D'Angelo L, Familiari G, Santoro A, Frati A, Bruzzaniti P. Adult IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Ultrastructural Investigation Suggests a Possible Correlation between Morphological Biomarkers and Ki-67 Index. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1968. [PMID: 37509607 PMCID: PMC10377045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy between 14 and 16 months after diagnosis. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI), a measure of cellular proliferation, is emerging as a prognostic marker in GBM. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of glioblastoma tissue from 9 patients with the same molecular profile (adult IDH wild-type glioblastoma, wild-type ATRX, and positive for TP53 expression, GFAP expression, and EGFR overexpression) to find possible ultrastructural features to be used as biomarkers and correlated with the only parameter that differs among our samples, the Ki-67 LI. Our main results were the visualization of the anatomical basis of astrocyte-endothelial cells crosstalk; the ultrastructural in situ imaging of clusters of hyperactivated microglia cells (MsEVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of microglia cells storing lipid vesicles (MsLVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of neoplastic cells mitophagy (NCsM). The statistical analysis of our data indicated that MsEVs and MsLVs correlate with the Ki-67 LI value. We can thus assume they are good candidates to be considered morphological biomarkers correlating to Ki-67 LI. The role of NCsM instead must be further evaluated. Our study findings demonstrate that by combining ultrastructural characteristics with molecular information, we can discover biomarkers that have the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, aid in treatment decision-making, identify targets for therapy, and enable personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient. However, further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate these findings and fully utilize the potential of ultrastructural analysis in managing glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Lapolla
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mauro Palmieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Angelo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Placido Bruzzaniti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
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Sukarawan W, Rattanawarawipa P, Yaemkleebbua K, Nowwarote N, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN, Osathanon T. Wnt3a promotes odonto/osteogenic differentiation in vitro and tertiary dentin formation in a rat model. Int Endod J 2023; 56:514-529. [PMID: 36633501 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of Wnt3a on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and reparative dentine formation in a rat model. METHODOLOGY Stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured in media with Wnt3a (50-200 ng/ml). Wnt activation was confirmed by β-catenin immunocytochemistry. Colony-forming unit assay (normalized percentage area), osteogenic gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction and mineralization assays measured by the absorption at 540 nm were performed. Tertiary dentine formation in vivo was evaluated using 8-week-old, male Wistar rats. Cavities with pinpoint pulp exposure by a sharp instrument were prepared at the mesial surface of the first molars. Teeth were divided into (n = 6): (1) distilled water (negative control), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) lithium chloride in DI (20 μM), and (4) Wnt3a in PBS (200 ng/ml). Collagen sponge was used as a scaffold. The cavity was sealed with glass ionomer restoration. Four weeks later, animals were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital (120 mg/kg body weight). Hard tissue formation was evaluated using micro-computerized tomography. Sixty consecutive slides from the initial plane were analysed and calculated as bone/dentine volume per total tissue volume. Paraffin sections (2 μm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome for morphological evaluation. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error. Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparison. Kruskal Wallis followed by pairwise comparison was employed for three or more group comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 7. Differences were considered significant at p < .05. RESULTS Wnt3a decreased SHEDs colony formation and increased OSX, BMP2, and DMP1 expression, corresponding to an increase in mineralization. Additionally, a significant increase in dentine/bone volume per total tissue volume was observed in Wnt3a treated defects. Dentine bridge formation at the exposure sites treated with Wnt3a demonstrated, while fibrous tissues were observed in the control. CONCLUSIONS Wnt3a suppressed proliferation, increased osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs and promotes tertiary dentine formation. Wnt3a could be utilized as biological molecule for vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleerat Sukarawan
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Rattanawarawipa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Yaemkleebbua
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France.,Dental Faculty Garancière, Oral Biology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Poll SR, Martin R, Wohler E, Partan ES, Walek E, Salman S, Groepper D, Kratz L, Cernach M, Jesus-Garcia R, Haldeman-Englert C, Choi YJ, Morris CD, Cohen B, Hoover-Fong J, Valle D, Semenza GL, Sobreira NLM. Disruption of the HIF-1 pathway in individuals with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010504. [PMID: 36480544 PMCID: PMC9767349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci Syndrome (MS) are rare disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas, commonly causing bone deformities, limb length discrepancies, and pathological fractures. MS is distinguished from OD by the development of vascular anomalies. Both disorders are cancer predisposition syndromes with malignancies developing in ~50% of the individuals with OD or MS. Somatic gain-of-function variants in IDH1 and IDH2 have been described in the enchondromas, vascular anomalies and chondrosarcomas of approximately 80% of the individuals with OD and MS. To date, however, no investigation of germline causative variants for these diseases has been comprehensively performed. To search for germline causative variants, we performed whole exome sequencing or whole genome sequencing of blood or saliva DNA in 94 unrelated probands (68 trios). We found that 7 had rare germline missense variants in HIF1A, 6 had rare germline missense variants in VHL, and 3 had IDH1 variants including 2 with mosaic IDH1-p.Arg132His variant. A burden analysis using 94 probands assigned as cases and 2,054 unrelated individuals presenting no OD- or MS-related features as controls, found that variants in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 were all significantly enriched in cases compared to controls. To further investigate the role of HIF-1 pathway in the pathogenesis of OD and MS, we performed RNA sequencing of fibroblasts from 4 probands with OD or MS at normoxia and at hypoxia. When cultured in hypoxic conditions, both proband and control cells showed altered expression of a subset of HIF-1 regulated genes. However, the set of differentially expressed genes in proband fibroblasts included a significantly reduced number of HIF-1 regulated genes compared to controls. Our findings suggest that germline or early post-zygotic variants identified in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 in probands with OD and MS underlie the development of the phenotypic abnormalities in a subset of individuals with OD and MS, but extensive functional studies are needed to further confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Poll
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renan Martin
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Partan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Walek
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shaima Salman
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Groepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Kratz
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mirlene Cernach
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Jesus-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics-Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- Mission Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yoon Jae Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Morris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernard Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, Untied States of America
| | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nara L. M. Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Grochans S, Cybulska AM, Simińska D, Korbecki J, Kojder K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Epidemiology of Glioblastoma Multiforme–Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102412. [PMID: 35626018 PMCID: PMC9139611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central nervous system tumors. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is only 15 months. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of GBM and factors that may have a significant impact on the risk of GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. In this review, we analyze the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as epidemiological data, by age, gender, and tumor location. The data indicate that GBM is the higher-grade primary brain tumor and is significantly more common in men. The risk of being diagnosed with glioma increases with age, and median survival remains low, despite medical advances. In addition, it is difficult to determine clearly how GBM is influenced by stimulants, certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs), cell phone use, and exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48 St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
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Identification of Novel Transcriptome Signature as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051013. [PMID: 33804433 PMCID: PMC7957709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and devastating type of primary brain tumor, with a median survival time of only 15 months. Having a clinically applicable genetic biomarker would lead to a paradigm shift in precise diagnosis, personalized therapeutic decisions, and prognostic prediction for GBM. Radiogenomic profiling connecting radiological imaging features with molecular alterations will offer a noninvasive method for genomic studies of GBM. To this end, we analyzed over 3800 glioma and GBM cases across four independent datasets. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were employed for RNA-Seq analysis, whereas the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy-GAP) and The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) provided clinicopathological data. The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium Glioblastoma Multiforme (CPTAC-GBM) was used for proteomic analysis. We identified a simple three-gene transcriptome signature—SOCS3, VEGFA, and TEK—that can connect GBM’s overall prognosis with genes’ expression and simultaneously correlate radiographical features of perfusion imaging with SOCS3 expression levels. More importantly, the rampant development of neovascularization in GBM offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, treatment with bevacizumab failed to improve overall survival. We identified SOCS3 expression levels as a potential selection marker for patients who may benefit from early initiation of angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Quinones A, Le A. The Multifaceted Glioblastoma: From Genomic Alterations to Metabolic Adaptations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:59-76. [PMID: 34014534 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops on glial cells and is the most common as well as the deadliest form of brain cancer. As in other cancers, distinct combinations of genetic alterations in GBM subtypes induce a diversity of metabolic phenotypes, which explains the variability of GBM sensitivity to current therapies targeting its reprogrammed metabolism. Therefore, it is becoming imperative for cancer researchers to account for the temporal and spatial heterogeneity within this cancer type before making generalized conclusions about a particular treatment's efficacy. Standard therapies for GBM have shown little success as the disease is almost always lethal; however, researchers are making progress and learning how to combine therapeutic strategies most effectively. GBMs can be classified initially into two subsets consisting of primary and secondary GBMs, and this categorization stems from cancer development. GBM is the highest grade of gliomas, which includes glioma I (low proliferative potential), glioma II (low proliferative potential with some capacity for infiltration and recurrence), glioma III (evidence of malignancy), and glioma IV (GBM) (malignant with features of necrosis and microvascular proliferation). Secondary GBM develops from a low-grade glioma to an advanced-stage cancer, while primary GBM provides no signs of progression and is identified as an advanced-stage glioma from the onset. The differences in prognosis and histology correlated with each classification are generally negligible, but the demographics of individuals affected and the accompanying genetic/metabolic properties show distinct differentiation [3].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Li X, Meng Y. Analyses of metastasis-associated genes in IDH wild-type glioma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1114. [PMID: 33198677 PMCID: PMC7670782 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain. The existence of metastatic tumor cells is an important cause of recurrence even after radical glioma resection. Methods Single-cell sequencing data and high-throughput data were downloaded from GEO database and TCGA/CGGA database. By means of PCA and tSNE clustering methods, metastasis-associated genes in glioma were identified. GSEA explored possible biological functions that these metastasis-associated genes may participate in. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic model. Results Glioma metastatic cells and metastasis-associated genes were identified. The prognostic model based on metastasis-associated genes had good sensitivity and specificity for the prognosis of glioma. These genes may be involved in signal pathways such as cellular protein catabolic process, p53 signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusion This study explored glioma metastasis-associated genes through single-cell sequencing data mining, and aimed to identify prognostic metastasis-associated signatures for glioma and may provide potential targets for further cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Coelho BP, Fernandes CFDL, Boccacino JM, Souza MCDS, Melo-Escobar MI, Alves RN, Prado MB, Iglesia RP, Cangiano G, Mazzaro GLR, Lopes MH. Multifaceted WNT Signaling at the Crossroads Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597743. [PMID: 33312955 PMCID: PMC7706883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can employ epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or autophagy in reaction to microenvironmental stress. Importantly, EMT and autophagy negatively regulate each other, are able to interconvert, and both have been shown to contribute to drug-resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). EMT has been considered one of the mechanisms that confer invasive properties to GBM cells. Autophagy, on the other hand, may show dual roles as either a GBM-promoter or GBM-suppressor, depending on microenvironmental cues. The Wingless (WNT) signaling pathway regulates a plethora of developmental and biological processes such as cellular proliferation, adhesion and motility. As such, GBM demonstrates deregulation of WNT signaling in favor of tumor initiation, proliferation and invasion. In EMT, WNT signaling promotes induction and stabilization of different EMT activators. WNT activity also represses autophagy, while nutrient deprivation induces β-catenin degradation via autophagic machinery. Due to the importance of the WNT pathway to GBM, and the role of WNT signaling in EMT and autophagy, in this review we highlight the effects of the WNT signaling in the regulation of both processes in GBM, and discuss how the crosstalk between EMT and autophagy may ultimately affect tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Paranhos Coelho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia La Rocca Mazzaro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zheng S, Li Z. Identification of a cullin5-RING E3 ligase transcriptome signature in glioblastoma multiforme. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17380-17392. [PMID: 32931454 PMCID: PMC7521521 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest type of brain tumor. The median survival time for patients with GBM is only 15 months, even following maximal surgical resection and chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A genetic biomarker could enable a paradigm shift in precise diagnosis, personalized therapeutics and prognosis. In this study, we employed the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project databases for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and clinicopathological studies. We demonstrated that elevated expression of the RNF7, TCEB1, SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes, which encode components of cullin5-RING E3 ligase (CRL5), predict unfavorable GBM prognoses. In GBM and glioma cases carrying IDH1 mutations, SOCS1 and SOCS3 methylation was increased and their expression was downregulated. This study has thus identified a simple transcriptome signature for GBM prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zheng
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33134, USA
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Province 310027, PR China,Zhejiang Key Agricultural Enterprise Institute of Shouxiangu Rare Herb Product, Zhejiang Province 310027, PR China
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12
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Davis PJ, Mousa SA, Lin HY. Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone: The Integrin Component. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:319-352. [PMID: 32584192 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 contains a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone analogues. The receptor is largely expressed and activated in tumor cells and rapidly dividing endothelial cells. The principal ligand for this receptor is l-thyroxine (T4), usually regarded only as a prohormone for 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), the hormone analogue that expresses thyroid hormone in the cell nucleus via nuclear receptors that are unrelated structurally to integrin αvβ3. At the integrin receptor for thyroid hormone, T4 regulates cancer and endothelial cell division, tumor cell defense pathways (such as anti-apoptosis), and angiogenesis and supports metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, differential expression of multiple genes related to the listed cell processes, and regulation of activities of other cell surface proteins, such as vascular growth factor receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is derived from T4 and competes with binding of T4 to the integrin. In the absence of T4, tetrac and chemically modified tetrac also have anticancer effects that culminate in altered gene transcription. Tumor xenografts are arrested by unmodified and chemically modified tetrac. The receptor requires further characterization in terms of contributions to nonmalignant cells, such as platelets and phagocytes. The integrin αvβ3 receptor for thyroid hormone offers a large panel of cellular actions that are relevant to cancer biology and that may be regulated by tetrac derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Wang SF, Chen S, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of the mitochondrial stress response in human cancer progression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:861-878. [PMID: 32326760 PMCID: PMC7268930 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220920558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Dysregulated mitochondria often occurred in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. We reviewed several mitochondrial stresses in cancers. Mitochondrial stress responses might contribute to cancer progression. Several mitochondrion-derived molecules (ROS, Ca2+, oncometabolites, exported mtDNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, humanin, and MOTS-c), integrated stress response, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response act as retrograde signaling pathways and might be critical in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these mitochondrial stress responses may be an important strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
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14
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Karsy M, Guan J, Huang LE. Prognostic role of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma. J Neurosurg 2019; 130:56-66. [PMID: 29547090 DOI: 10.3171/2017.9.jns172036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gliomas are one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. Recent studies have supported the importance of key genetic alterations, including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p19q codeletion, in glioma prognosis. Mutant IDH produces 2-hydroxyglutarate from α-ketoglutarate, a key metabolite of the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is composed of MPC1 and MPC2 subunits and is functionally essential for the Krebs cycle. The authors sought to explore the impact of MPC1 and MPC2 expression on patient prognosis. METHODS Genomic and clinical data in patients with lower-grade glioma (WHO grades II and III) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazards modeling. Validation was conducted with additional data sets, including glioblastoma. RESULTS A total of 286 patients with lower-grade glioma (mean age 42.7 ± 13.5 years, 55.6% males) included 54 cases of IDH-wild type (18.9%); 140 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-intact (49.0%); and 85 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted (29.7%) tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that an MPC1 z-score > 0 distinguished better survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH-wild type tumors. Conversely, an MPC2 z-score > 0 identified worsened survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH-wild type tumors. Consistently, neither MPC1 nor MPC2 was predictive in a glioblastoma data set containing 5% IDH-mutant cases. Within the IDH-stratified lower-grade glioma data set, MPC1 status distinguished improved survival in 1p19q-codeleted tumors (p < 0.05), whereas MPC2 expression delineated worsened survival in 1p19q-intact tumors (p < 0.01). A hazards model identified IDH and 1p19q status, age (p = 0.01, HR = 1.03), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.03, HR = 0.97), and MPC1 (p = 0.003, HR = 0.52) but not MPC2 (p = 0.38) as key variables affecting overall survival. Further validation confirmed MPC1 as an independent predictor of lower-grade glioma. A clinical risk score using IDH and 1p19q status, age, KPS score, and MPC1 and MPC2 z-scores defined 4 risk categories for lower-grade glioma; this score was validated using a secondary glioma data set. CONCLUSIONS These results support the importance of MPC, especially MPC1, in improving prognostication of IDH-mutant tumors. The generation of a risk score system directly translates this finding to clinical application; however, further research to improve the molecular understanding of the role of MPC in the metabologenomic regulation of gliomas is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Eric Huang
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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15
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Konovalov NA, Asyutin DS, Shayhaev EG, Kaprovoy SV, Timonin SY. Molecular Biomarkers of Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytomas. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:17-27. [PMID: 31413876 PMCID: PMC6643348 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-17-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord astrocytomas are rare diseases of the central nervous system. The localization of these tumors and their infiltrative growth complicate their surgical resection, increase the risk of postoperative complications, and require more careful use of radio- and chemotherapy. The information on the genetic mutations associated with the onset and development of astrocytomas provides a more accurate neoplasm diagnosis and classification. In some cases, it also allows one to determine the optimal methods for treating the neoplasm, as well as to predict the treatment outcomes and the risks of relapse. To date, a number of molecular markers that are associated with brain astrocytomas and possess prognostic value have been identified and described. Due to the significantly lower incidence of spinal cord astrocytomas, the data on similar markers are much more sparse and are presented with a lesser degree of systematization. However, due to the retrospective studies of clinical material that have been actively conducted abroad in recent years, the formation of statistically significant genetic landscapes for various types of tumors, including intradural spinal cord tumors, has begun. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to analyze and systematize the information on the most significant genetic mutations associated with various types of astrocytomas, as well as discuss the prospects for using the corresponding molecular markers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Konovalov
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - D. S. Asyutin
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - E. G. Shayhaev
- FGBU Russian Research Center for X-ray Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Profsouznaya Str. 86, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - S. V. Kaprovoy
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - S. Yu. Timonin
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
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16
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Han M, Jia L, Lv W, Wang L, Cui W. Epigenetic Enzyme Mutations: Role in Tumorigenesis and Molecular Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:194. [PMID: 30984620 PMCID: PMC6449417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, result in heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulatory enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases, histone methyltransferases, and histone deacetylases are involved in epigenetic modification. Studies have shown that the dysregulation caused by changes in the amino acid sequence of these enzymes is closely correlated with tumor onset and progression. In addition, certain amino acid changes in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are linked to altered epigenetic modifications in tumors. Some small molecule inhibitors targeting these aberrant enzymes have shown promising anti-cancer efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials. For example, the small molecule inhibitor ivosidenib, which targets IDH1 with a mutation at R132, has been approved by the FDA for the clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In this review, we summarize the recurrent “hotspot” mutations in these enzymes in various tumors and their role in tumorigenesis. We also describe candidate inhibitors of the mutant enzymes which show potential therapeutic value. In addition, we introduce some previously unreported mutation sites in these enzymes, which may be related to tumor development and provide opportunities for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wencai Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Identification of a Prognostic Hypoxia-Associated Gene Set in IDH-Mutant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102903. [PMID: 30257451 PMCID: PMC6212863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma growth is often accompanied by a hypoxic microenvironment favorable for the induction and maintenance of the glioma stem cell (GSC) phenotype. Due to the paucity of cell models of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 mutant (IDH1mut) GSCs, biology under hypoxic conditions has not been sufficiently studied as compared to IDH1 wildtype (IDH1wt) GSCs. We therefore grew well-characterized IDH1mut (n = 4) and IDH1wt (n = 4) GSC lines under normoxic (20%) and hypoxic (1.5%) culture conditions and harvested mRNA after 72 h. Transcriptome analyses were performed and hypoxia regulated genes were further analyzed using the expression and clinical data of the lower grade glioma cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (LGG TCGA) in a confirmatory approach and to test for possible survival associations. Results show that global expression changes were more pronounced in IDH1wt than in IDH1mut GSCs. However, when focusing on known hypoxia-regulated gene sets, enrichment analyses showed a comparable regulation in both IDH1mut and IDH1wt GSCs. Of 272 significantly up-regulated genes under hypoxic conditions in IDH1mut GSCs a hypoxia-related survival score (HRS-score) of five genes (LYVE1, FAM162A, WNT6, OTP, PLOD1) was identified by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm which was able to predict survival independent of age, 1p19q co-deletion status and WHO grade (II vs. III) in the LGG TCGA cohort and in the Rembrandt dataset. Altogether, we were able to identify and validate a novel hypoxia-related survival score in IDH1mut GSCs consisting of five hypoxia-regulated genes which was significantly associated with patient survival independent of known prognostic confounders.
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18
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Guo X, Sun T. Glycogenolysis in Acquired Glioma Resistance to Temozolomide: A Role for the [Ca 2+] i-dependent Activation of Na,K-ATPase/ERK 1/2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:873. [PMID: 30131700 PMCID: PMC6090282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanistic basis for temozolomide (TMZ)-induced glioma resistance is an important obstacle in developing an effective form of chemotherapy for this type of tumor. Glycogenolysis is known to play an essential role in cellular proliferation and potassium homeostasis and involves the glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB). In this investigation, plasma GPBB was correlated with TMZ-resistance. Elevated plasma GPBB concentrations were found to be more frequent in a TMZ-resistant cohort of patients with poor survival rates. TMZ inhibits cell proliferation and induces TMZ resistance by upregulating the expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). This process requires glycogenolysis, which was confirmed herein by treatment with 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol hydrochloride, a glycogenolysis inhibitor and a special GPBB inhibitor. Acute TMZ treatment leads to upregulation of [Ca2+]i, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, and chronic TMZ treatment leads to upregulation of the expression of Na,K-ATPase, ERK1/2, and MGMT protein. Upregulation was abolished for each of these by inhibitors of transient receptor potential channel 1 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor. L-channel [Ca2+]i inhibitors and RyR antagonists had no such effect. These results demonstrate that [Ca2+]i-dependent glycogenolysis participates in acquired glioma TMZ-resistance by upregulating MGMT via a Na,K-ATPase/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. GPBB and glycogenolysis may therefore represent novel therapeutic targets for overcoming TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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19
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Mousa SA, Glinsky GV, Lin HY, Ashur-Fabian O, Hercbergs A, Keating KA, Davis PJ. Contributions of Thyroid Hormone to Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030089. [PMID: 30135398 PMCID: PMC6165185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting at a cell surface receptor on the extracellular domain of integrin αvβ3, thyroid hormone analogues regulate downstream the expression of a large panel of genes relevant to cancer cell proliferation, to cancer cell survival pathways, and to tumor-linked angiogenesis. Because αvβ3 is involved in the cancer cell metastatic process, we examine here the possibility that thyroid hormone as l-thyroxine (T4) and the thyroid hormone antagonist, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), may respectively promote and inhibit metastasis. Actions of T4 and tetrac that are relevant to cancer metastasis include the multitude of synergistic effects on molecular levels such as expression of matrix metalloproteinase genes, angiogenesis support genes, receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR/ERBB2) genes, specific microRNAs, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process; and on the cellular level are exemplified by effects on macrophages. We conclude that the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 interaction is mechanistically linked to cancer metastasis and that modified tetrac molecules have antimetastatic activity with feasible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Gennadi V Glinsky
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031 Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Aleck Hercbergs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Kelly A Keating
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are enzymes involved in multiple metabolic and epigenetic cellular processes. Mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 are detected in approximately 20% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and induce amino acid changes in conserved residues resulting in neomorphic enzymatic function and production of an oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). This leads to DNA hypermethylation, aberrant gene expression, cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation. IDH mutations diversely affect prognosis of patients with AML based on the location of the mutation and other co-occurring genomic abnormalities. Recently, novel therapies specifically targeting mutant IDH have opened new avenues of therapy for these patients. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the biological, clinical and therapeutic implications of IDH mutations in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Montalban-Bravo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Molenaar RJ, Maciejewski JP, Wilmink JW, van Noorden CJF. Wild-type and mutated IDH1/2 enzymes and therapy responses. Oncogene 2018; 37:1949-1960. [PMID: 29367755 PMCID: PMC5895605 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are key enzymes in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, redox states, and DNA repair. IDH1/2 mutations are causal in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer due to supraphysiological production of d-2-hydroxyglutarate. In various tumor types, IDH1/2-mutated cancers predict for improved responses to treatment with irradiation or chemotherapy. The present review discusses the molecular basis of the sensitivity of IDH1/2-mutated cancers with respect to the function of mutated IDH1/2 in cellular processes and their interactions with novel IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors. Finally, lessons learned from IDH1/2 mutations for future clinical applications in IDH1/2 wild-type cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Li XX, Guo H, Zhou JD, Wu DH, Ma JC, Wen XM, Zhang W, Xu ZJ, Lin J, Jun Q. Overexpression of CTNNB1: Clinical implication in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:361-367. [PMID: 29496308 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling played a crucial role in tumorigenesis, and β-catenin (CTNNB1) overexpression has been identified in numerous solid tumors. The present study was designed to determine CTNNB1 expression and its clinical significance in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the pattern of CTNNB1 expression in 140 AML patients and 46 controls. The level of CTNNB1 transcript in AML patients was significantly up-regulated compared with controls (P < 0.001). CTNNB1high patients showed significantly older age than CTNNB1low patients (P < 0.05). The frequency of high CTNNB1 expression was significantly observed in patients with intermediate/poor karyotypes. CTNNB1high patients had a significantly lower complete remission (CR) rate than CTNNB1low patients (P = 0.004). Among cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), CTNNB1high patients presented significantly shorter overall survival (OS, P = 0.004) and leukemia-free survival (LFS, P = 0.038) than CTNNB1low patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CTNNB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS among CN-AML. Moreover, CTNNB1 expression level significantly decreased after CR stage (P = 0.032) and increased in relapsed stage (P = 0.015). Our findings suggest that CTNNB1 is overexpressed and confers a poor prognosis in AML, and could be used as a biomarker in monitoring disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of KunShan City, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jun
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Masui K, Kato Y, Sawada T, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Molecular and Genetic Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2609. [PMID: 29207533 PMCID: PMC5751212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diffusely invasive nature is a major obstacle in treating a malignant brain tumor, "diffuse glioma", which prevents neurooncologists from surgically removing the tumor cells even in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. Recently updated classification of diffuse gliomas based on distinct genetic and epigenetic features has culminated in a multilayered diagnostic approach to combine histologic phenotypes and molecular genotypes in an integrated diagnosis. However, it is still a work in progress to decipher how the genetic aberrations contribute to the aggressive nature of gliomas including their highly invasive capacity. Here we depict a set of recent discoveries involving molecular genetic determinants of the infiltrating nature of glioma cells, especially focusing on genetic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and metabolic reprogramming downstream of common cancer mutations. The specific biology of glioma cell invasion provides an opportunity to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation in cancer and develop novel glioma-specific therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Kawakami S, Ochiai K, Kato Y, Michishita M, Hirama H, Obara R, Azakami D, Watanabe M, Omi T. Functional alteration of canine isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) via an R174K mutation. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:85-91. [PMID: 29162772 PMCID: PMC5797864 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are common intracranial neoplasias in dogs. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. In humans, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is often mutated in gliomas. Although almost human IDH2
mutations have been identified at the Arg172 codon, few studies have reported structural, functional or mutational information for canine IDH2. In this study, we cloned the full-length canine IDH2 (cIDH2) cDNA and
substituted wild type Arg174 (cIDH2 WT: corresponding to R172 of human IDH2) with Lys (cIDH2 R174K). The cIDH2 WT and R174K proteins were overexpressed in HeLa cells, and their presence was confirmed using an anti-human
IDH2-WT mAb (clone: KrMab-3) and an anti-IDH2-R172K mAb (clone: KMab-1). The IDH2 activity between cIDH2 WT and cIDH2 R174K transfectants was compared by measuring the production of NADH and NADPH. NADPH production was
lower for cIDH2 R174K than that for cIDH2 WT transfectants. Finally, we detected increased expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in cIDH2 R174K transfectants. This indicates that mutations at R174 can
potentially induce carcinogenesis in canine somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kawakami
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kato
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hinako Hirama
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Obara
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshinori Omi
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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25
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IDH mutation status trumps the Pignatti risk score as a prognostic marker in low-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:273-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. RECENT FINDINGS IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
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Price SJ, Allinson K, Liu H, Boonzaier NR, Yan JL, Lupson VC, Larkin TJ. Less Invasive Phenotype Found in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-mutated Glioblastomas than in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-Type Glioblastomas: A Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Study. Radiology 2016; 283:215-221. [PMID: 27849434 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the diffusion-tensor (DT) imaging-defined invasive phenotypes of both isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-1)-mutated and IDH-1 wild-type glioblastomas. Materials and Methods Seventy patients with glioblastoma were prospectively recruited and imaged preoperatively. All patients provided signed consent, and the local research ethics committee approved the study. Patients underwent surgical resection, and tumor samples underwent immunohistochemistry for IDH-1 R132H mutations. DT imaging data were coregistered to the anatomic magnetic resonance study and reconstructed to provide the anisotropic and isotropic components of the DT. The invasive phenotype was determined by using previously published criteria and correlated with IDH-1 mutation status by using the Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test. Results Nine patients had an IDH-1 mutation and 61 had IDH-1 wild type. All of the patients with IDH-1 mutation had a minimally invasive DT imaging phenotype. Among the IDH-1 wild-type tumors, 42 of 61 (69%) were diffusively invasive glioblastomas, 14 of 61 (23%) were locally invasive, and five of 61 (8%) were minimally invasive (P < .001). Conclusion IDH-mutated glioblastomas have a less invasive phenotype compared with IDH wild type. This finding may have implications for individualizing the extent of surgical resection and radiation therapy volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Price
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Kieren Allinson
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Natalie R Boonzaier
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Jiun-Lin Yan
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Victoria C Lupson
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Timothy J Larkin
- From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery (S.J.P., N.R.B., J.L.Y., T.J.L.), and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.P., N.R.B., V.C.L., T.J.L.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; and Department of Histopathology (H.L.) and Molecular Malignancy Laboratory (K.A., H.L.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
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Luderer MJ, Muz B, de la Puente P, Chavalmane S, Kapoor V, Marcelo R, Biswas P, Thotala D, Rogers B, Azab AK. A Hypoxia-Targeted Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Agent for the Treatment of Glioma. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2530-9. [PMID: 27401411 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has the potential to become a viable cancer treatment modality, but its clinical translation has been limited by the poor tumor selectivity of agents. To address this unmet need, a boronated 2-nitroimidazole derivative (B-381) was synthesized and evaluated for its capability of targeting hypoxic glioma cells. METHODS B-381 has been synthesized from a 1-step reaction. Using D54 and U87 glioma cell lines, the in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular accumulation of B-381 has been evaluated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions compared to L-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Furthermore, tumor retention of B-381 was evaluated in vivo. RESULTS B-381 had low cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells. Unlike BPA, B-381 illustrated preferential retention in hypoxic glioma cells compared to normoxic glioma cells and normal tissues in vitro. In vivo, B-381 illustrated significantly higher long-term tumor retention compared to BPA, with 9.5-fold and 6.5-fold higher boron levels at 24 and 48 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS B-381 represents a new class of BNCT agents in which their selectivity to tumors is based on hypoxic tumor metabolism. Further studies are warranted to evaluate B-381 and similar compounds as preclinical candidates for future BNCT clinical trials for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah John Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Sanmathi Chavalmane
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Raymundo Marcelo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Buck Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave., Room 3103, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA.
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Rieger CT, Fiegl M. Microenvironmental oxygen partial pressure in acute myeloid leukemia: Is there really a role for hypoxia? Exp Hematol 2016; 44:578-82. [PMID: 27118044 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced oxygen partial pressure (pO2) has been recognized as being relevant in hematopoiesis and the pathophysiology of malignant diseases. Although hypoxic (meaning insufficient supply of oxygen) and anoxic areas are present and of pathophysiologic importance (by hypoxia-induced pathways such as HiF1α) in solid tumors, this may not be true for (malignant) hematologic cells. Hematopoiesis occurs in the stem cell niche, which is characterized, among other things, by extremely low pO2. However, in contrast to solid tumors, in this context, the low pO2 is physiological and this feature, among others, is shared by the malignant stem cell niche harboring leukemia-initiating cells. Upon differentiation, hematopoietic cells are constantly exposed to changes in pO2 as they travel throughout the human body and encounter arterial and venous blood and migrate into oxygen-carrier-free tissue with low pO2. Hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) make little difference in this respect and, whereas low oxygen is the usual environment of AML cells, recent evidence suggests no role for real hypoxia. Although there is no evidence that AML pathophysiology is related to hypoxia, leukemic blasts still show several distinct biological features when exposed to reduced pO2: they down- or upregulate membrane receptors such as CXCR4 or FLT3, activate or inhibit intracellular signaling pathways such as PI3K, and specifically secrete cytokines (IL-8). In summary, reduced pO2 should not be mistaken for hypoxia (nor should it be so called), and it does not automatically induce hypoxia-response mechanisms; therefore, a strict distinction should be made between physiologically low pO2 (physoxia) and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T Rieger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Fiegl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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IDH mutation status is associated with a distinct hypoxia/angiogenesis transcriptome signature which is non-invasively predictable with rCBV imaging in human glioma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16238. [PMID: 26538165 PMCID: PMC4633672 DOI: 10.1038/srep16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of IDH mutations in gliomas and several other cancers suggests that this pathway is involved in oncogenesis; however effector functions are complex and yet incompletely understood. To study the regulatory effects of IDH on hypoxia-inducible-factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), a driving force in hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis, we analyzed mRNA expression profiles of 288 glioma patients and show decreased expression of HIF1A targets on a single-gene and pathway level, strong inhibition of upstream regulators such as HIF1A and downstream biological functions such as angio- and vasculogenesis in IDH mutant tumors. Genotype/imaging phenotype correlation analysis with relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) MRI - a robust and non-invasive estimate of tumor angiogenesis - in 73 treatment-naive patients with low-grade and anaplastic gliomas showed that a one-unit increase in rCBV corresponded to a two-third decrease in the odds for an IDH mutation and correctly predicted IDH mutation status in 88% of patients. Together, these findings (1) show that IDH mutation status is associated with a distinct angiogenesis transcriptome signature which is non-invasively predictable with rCBV imaging and (2) highlight the potential future of radiogenomics (i.e. the correlation between cancer imaging and genomic features) towards a more accurate diagnostic workup of brain tumors.
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Guo X, Li D, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Huang X, Li X, Yang H, Xing J. Genetic variants in genes of tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes are associated with prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 87:162-8. [PMID: 25576295 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis and only a few molecular markers may be potentially used to predict the outcome. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including the alterations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle key enzymes. However, the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding these key enzymes has not been investigated in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we genotyped 18 potentially functional SNPs in 7 genes belonging to 3 TCA cycle enzyme families (SDH, FH and IDH) using Sequenom iPLEX genotyping system in a cohort of 500 NSCLC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used for the survival analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that SDHC gene: SNP rs12064957, IDH2 gene: SNP rs11540478 and FH gene: SNP rs1414493 were associated with overall survival (OS) and SDHA gene: SNP rs13173911, IDH2 gene: SNP rs4932158 were associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) of NSCLC patients. Unfavorable genotypes of these SNPs showed a significant cumulative effect on OS and RFS of NSCLC patients (both P<0.001). Furthermore, survival tree analysis indicated that FH: rs1414493 was the primary risk factor contributing to OS of NSCLC patients and the IDH2: rs4932158 was the primary risk factor contributing to RFS of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that SNPs in TCA cycle key enzyme genes may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the outcomes of NSCLC. Further studies with different ethnicities are needed to validate our findings and generalize their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Deyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Yousheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xingchun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Breast Center, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hushan Yang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China.
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Chen Y, Li X, Wu S, Xu G, Zhou Y, Gong L, Li Z, Yang D. Expression of HIF-1α and CAIX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their correlation with patients' prognosis. Med Oncol 2014; 31:304. [PMID: 25377659 PMCID: PMC4223533 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-l alpha (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in NPC patients. The expression of HIF-1α and CAIX proteins was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 129 samples of NPC and 20 samples of chronic nasopharyngitis. The correlations between the expression of these two proteins and clinicopathological features and prognosis were evaluated in NPC patients. Our results showed that the positive expression rates of HIF-1α and CAIX proteins in NPC were significantly higher than those in chronic nasopharyngitis (both P < 0.01). In addition, high HIF-1α protein expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage for NPC patients (both P < 0.01), whereas there were no findings of correlations between CAIX protein expression and gender, age, T stage, node involvement and clinical stage (all P > 0.05). The Spearman analysis indicated that HIF-1α was positively correlated with CAIX expression (r = 0.249, P = 0.004). HIF-1α and CAIX co-expression was associated with the poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), loco-regional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in NPC patients (P = 0.017, P = 0.022, P = 0.033, and P = 0.017, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the positive expression of CAIX protein was an independent prognostic factor for PFS, LRRFS and DMFS. In conclusion, overexpression of HIF-1α and CAIX might be involved in the carcinogenesis and development of NPC and they were associated with patients’ poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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Zhang H, Guo X, Dai J, Wu Y, Ge N, Yang Y, Ji J, Zhang H. Genetic variations in IDH gene as prognosis predictors in TACE-treated hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Med Oncol 2014; 31:278. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Molenaar RJ, Radivoyevitch T, Maciejewski JP, van Noorden CJF, Bleeker FE. The driver and passenger effects of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations in oncogenesis and survival prolongation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:326-41. [PMID: 24880135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key events in the development of glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chondrosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. They also cause D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and Ollier and Maffucci syndromes. IDH1/2 mutations are associated with prolonged survival in glioma and in ICC, but not in AML. The reason for this is unknown. In their wild-type forms, IDH1 and IDH2 convert isocitrate and NADP(+) to α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and NADPH. Missense mutations in the active sites of these enzymes induce a neo-enzymatic reaction wherein NADPH reduces αKG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The resulting D-2HG accumulation leads to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α degradation, and changes in epigenetics and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Such mutations also imply less NADPH production capacity. Each of these effects could play a role in cancer formation. Here, we provide an overview of the literature and discuss which downstream molecular effects are likely to be the drivers of the oncogenic and survival-prolonging properties of IDH1/2 mutations. We discuss interactions between mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors and conventional therapies. Understanding of the biochemical consequences of IDH1/2 mutations in oncogenesis and survival prolongation will yield valuable information for rational therapy design: it will tell us which oncogenic processes should be blocked and which "survivalogenic" effects should be retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2, originally discovered in 2008, occur in the vast majority of low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas. These mutations, which occur early in gliomagenesis, change the function of the enzymes, causing them to produce 2-hydroxyglutarate, a possible oncometabolite, and to not produce NADPH. IDH mutations are oncogenic, although whether the mechanism is through alterations in hydroxylases, redox potential, cellular metabolism, or gene expression is not clear. The mutations also drive increased methylation in gliomas. Gliomas with mutated IDH1 and IDH2 have improved prognosis compared with gliomas with wild-type IDH. Mutated IDH can now be detected by immunohistochemistry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No drugs currently target mutated IDH, although this remains an area of active research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Cohen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Lin HC, Zhang FL, Geng Q, Yu T, Cui YQ, Liu XH, Li J, Yan MX, Liu L, He XH, Li JJ, Yao M. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies CPNE3 as a novel metastasis-promoting gene in NSCLC. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3423-33. [PMID: 23713811 DOI: 10.1021/pr400273z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To discover metastasis-associated proteins within cancer cells, we used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach combined with nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (NanoLC-MS/MS) analysis to identify proteins that were differentially expressed between lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines SPC-A-1sci cells with high metastatic potential and parent SPC-A-1 cells with low metastatic potential. By employing biological and technical replicates, we identified 5818 nonredundant proteins and quantified 5443 proteins, 256 of which were differentially expressed in the two cell lines. Through si-RNA-mediated functional screens, Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and Copine III (CPNE3) were indicated as positively correlating with the migration and invasion properties of SPC-A1sci cells, and the same function of CPNE3 was confirmed in another lung cancer cell line, H1299. Furthermore, overexpressing CPNE3 promoted nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line (SPC-A-1 and XL-2) migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, the targeted knock-down of CPNE3 inhibited the in vivo metastatic abilities of H1299 cells in mouse models. Lastly, immunohistochemistry revealed that the CPNE3 expression level was positively correlated with the clinical stage and TNM classification in NSCLC patients. Taken together, our results indicate that CPNE3 could play a critical role in NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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