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Levi-Schaffer F, Gibbs BF, Hallgren J, Pucillo C, Redegeld F, Siebenhaar F, Vitte J, Mezouar S, Michel M, Puzzovio PG, Maurer M. Selected recent advances in understanding the role of human mast cells in health and disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1833-1844. [PMID: 35276243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are highly granular tissue-resident cells and key drivers of inflammation, particularly in allergies as well as in other inflammatory diseases. Most mast cell research was initially conducted in rodents but has increasingly shifted to the human system, with the advancement of research technologies and methodologies. Today we can analyze primary human cells including rare subpopulations, we can produce and maintain mast cells isolated from human tissues, and there are several human mast cell lines. These tools have substantially facilitated our understanding of their role and function in different organs in both health and disease. We can now define more clearly where human mast cells originate from, how they develop, which mediators they store, produce de novo, and release, how they are activated and by which receptors, and which neighbouring cells they interact with and by which mechanisms. Considerable progress has also been made regarding the potential contribution of mast cells to disease, which, in turn, has led to the development of novel approaches for preventing key pathogenic effects of mast cells, heralding the era of mast cell-targeted therapeutics. In this review, we present and discuss a selection of some of the most significant advancements and remaining gaps in our understanding of human mast cells during the last 25 years, with a focus on clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlo Pucillo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute for Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IDESP, INSERM UA 11, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Moïse Michel
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; Immunology Laboratory, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Pier Giorgio Puzzovio
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute for Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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Coulibaly A, Velásquez SY, Kassner N, Schulte J, Barbarossa MV, Lindner HA. STAT3 governs the HIF-1α response in IL-15 primed human NK cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7023. [PMID: 33782423 PMCID: PMC8007797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate innate host defense against microbial infection and cancer. Hypoxia and low glucose are characteristic for these tissue lesions but do not affect early interferon (IFN) γ and CC chemokine release by interleukin 15 (IL-15) primed human NK cells in vitro. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediates cellular adaption to hypoxia. Its production is supported by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We used chemical inhibition to probe the importance of mTORC1 and STAT3 for the hypoxia response and of STAT3 for the cytokine response in isolated and IL-15 primed human NK cells. Cellular responses were assayed by magnetic bead array, RT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and metabolic flux analysis. STAT3 but not mTORC1 activation was essential for HIF-1α accumulation, glycolysis, and oxygen consumption. In both primed normoxic and hypoxic NK cells, STAT3 inhibition reduced the secretion of CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, and it interfered with IL-12/IL-18 stimulated IFNγ production, but it did not affect cytotoxic granule degranulation up on target cell contact. We conclude that IL-15 priming promotes the HIF-1α dependent hypoxia response and the early cytokine response in NK cells predominantly through STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coulibaly
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonia Y. Velásquez
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Kassner
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jutta Schulte
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Vittoria Barbarossa
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.417999.bFrankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger A. Lindner
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Kling L, Schreiber A, Eckardt KU, Kettritz R. Hypoxia-inducible factors not only regulate but also are myeloid-cell treatment targets. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:61-75. [PMID: 33070368 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0820-535r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia describes limited oxygen availability at the cellular level. Myeloid cells are exposed to hypoxia at various bodily sites and even contribute to hypoxia by consuming large amounts of oxygen during respiratory burst. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric transcription factors, composed of an oxygen-dependent α and a constitutive β subunit. The stability of HIF-1α and HIF-2α is regulated by oxygen-sensing prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD). HIF-1α and HIF-2α modify the innate immune response and are context dependent. We provide a historic perspective of HIF discovery, discuss the molecular components of the HIF pathway, and how HIF-dependent mechanisms modify myeloid cell functions. HIFs enable myeloid-cell adaptation to hypoxia by up-regulating anaerobic glycolysis. In addition to effects on metabolism, HIFs control chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, oxidative burst, and apoptosis. HIF-1α enables efficient infection defense by myeloid cells. HIF-2α delays inflammation resolution and decreases antitumor effects by promoting tumor-associated myeloid-cell hibernation. PHDs not only control HIF degradation, but also regulate the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells thereby suppressing autoimmunity. HIF-modifying pharmacologic compounds are entering clinical practice. Current indications include renal anemia and certain cancers. Beneficial and adverse effects on myeloid cells should be considered and could possibly lead to drug repurposing for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovis Kling
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Gonçalves Silva I, Gibbs BF, Bardelli M, Varani L, Sumbayev VV. Differential expression and biochemical activity of the immune receptor Tim-3 in healthy and malignant human myeloid cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33823-33. [PMID: 26413815 PMCID: PMC4741805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a plasma membrane-associated receptor which is involved in a variety of biological responses in human immune cells. It is highly expressed in most acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and therefore may serve as a possible target for AML therapy. However, its biochemical activities in primary human AML cells remain unclear. We therefore analysed the total expression and surface presence of the Tim-3 receptor in primary human AML blasts and healthy primary human leukocytes isolated from human blood. We found that Tim-3 expression was significantly higher in primary AML cells compared to primary healthy leukocytes. Tim-3 receptor molecules were distributed largely on the surface of primary AML cells, whereas in healthy leukocytes Tim-3 protein was mainly expressed intracellularly. In primary human AML blasts, both Tim-3 agonistic antibody and galectin-9 (a Tim-3 natural ligand) significantly upregulated mTOR pathway activity. This was in line with increased accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and secretion of VEGF and TNF-α. Similar results were obtained in primary human healthy leukocytes. Importantly, in both types of primary cells, Tim-3-mediated effects were compared with those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and stem cell factor (SCF). Tim-3 induced comparatively moderate responses in both AML cells and healthy leukocytes. However, Tim-3, like LPS, mediated the release of both TNF-α and VEGF, while SCF induced mostly VEGF secretion and did not upregulate TNF-α release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana (USI) 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana (USI) 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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Crucial involvement of xanthine oxidase in the intracellular signalling networks associated with human myeloid cell function. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6307. [PMID: 25200751 PMCID: PMC4158321 DOI: 10.1038/srep06307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is an enzyme which plays a central role in purine catabolism by converting hypoxanthine into xanthine and then further into uric acid. Here we report that XOD is activated in THP-1 human myeloid cells in response to pro-inflammatory and growth factor stimulation. This effect occurred following stimulation of THP-1 cells with ligands of plasma membrane associated TLRs 2 and 4, endosomal TLRs 7 and 8 as well as stem cell growth factor (SCF). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription complexes were found to be responsible for XOD upregulation. Importantly, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major myeloid cell translation regulator, was also found to be essential for XOD activation. Specific inhibition of XOD by allopurinol and sodium tungstate led to an increase in intracellular AMP levels triggering downregulation of mTOR activation by phosphorylation of its T2446 residue. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that XOD is not only activated by pro-inflammatory stimuli or SCF but also plays an important role in maintaining mTOR-dependent translational control during the biological responses of human myeloid cells.
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Singh V, Nand A, Chen C, Li Z, Li SJ, Wang S, Yang M, Merino A, Zhang L, Zhu J. Echinomycin, a Potential Binder of FKBP12, Shows Minor Effect on Calcineurin Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1275-81. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057114544742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Echinomycin, a member of the quinoxaline family of antibiotics, is known to be a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor–1 (HIF-1) DNA binding activity. Recently, it has been shown to suppress mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and growth in leukemia cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether echinomycin interacts with the FKBP12 protein. Molecular docking was used, and the predicted binding energy was −10.61 kcal/mol. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance imaging and fluorescence quenching techniques were used to validate this interaction. Echinomycin binds to FKBP12 with a strong binding affinity comparable with rapamycin. Furthermore, the echinomycin-FKBP12 complex has been shown to affect calcineurin activity when tested in a calcineurin phosphatase inhibition assay. All of these studies have shown that echinomycin may have a double impact on HIF signaling by direct inhibition and through mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramjeet Singh
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amita Nand
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhiPeng Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songbai Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mo Yang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alejandro Merino
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Bhandari T, Nizet V. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) as a Pharmacological Target for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Infect Dis Ther 2014; 3:159-74. [PMID: 25134687 PMCID: PMC4269623 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-014-0030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present era of ever-increasing antibiotic resistance and increasingly complex and immunosuppressed patient populations, physicians and scientists are seeking novel approaches to battle difficult infectious disease conditions. Development of a serious infection implies a failure of innate immune capabilities in the patient, and one may consider whether pharmacological strategies exist to correct and enhance innate immune cell function. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the central regulator of the cellular response to hypoxic stress, has recently been recognized to control the activation state and key microbicidal functions of immune cells. HIF-1 boosting drugs are in clinical development for anemia and other indications, and could be repositioned as infectious disease therapeutics. With equal attention to opportunities and complexities, we review our current understanding of HIF-1 regulation of microbial host-pathogen interactions with an eye toward future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Bhandari
- Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
- Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Medical Sciences Research 4113, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA.
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Báez A, Martín-Antonio B, Piruat JI, Prats C, Álvarez-Laderas I, Barbado MV, Carmona M, Urbano-Ispizua Á, Pérez-Simón JA. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces long-term changes in gene and microRNA expression profiles in CD34+ cells from healthy donors. Haematologica 2013; 99:243-51. [PMID: 24056818 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.086959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is the most commonly used cytokine for the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although the administration of this cytokine is considered safe, knowledge about its long-term effects, especially in hematopoietic progenitor cells, is limited. On this background, the aim of our study was to analyze whether or not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induces changes in gene and microRNA expression profiles in hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy donors, and to determine whether or not these changes persist in the long-term. For this purpose, we analyzed the whole genome expression profile and the expression of 384 microRNA in CD34(+) cells isolated from peripheral blood of six healthy donors, before mobilization and at 5, 30 and 365 days after mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Six microRNA were differentially expressed at all time points analyzed after mobilization treatment as compared to the expression in samples obtained before exposure to the drug. In addition, 2424 genes were also differentially expressed for at least 1 year after mobilization. Of interest, 109 of these genes are targets of the differentially expressed microRNA also identified in this study. These data strongly suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor modifies gene and microRNA expression profiles in hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy donors. Remarkably, some changes are present from early time-points and persist for at least 1 year after exposure to the drug. This effect on hematopoietic progenitor cells has not been previously reported.
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Skiles ML, Sahai S, Rucker L, Blanchette JO. Use of culture geometry to control hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion from adipose-derived stem cells: optimizing a cell-based approach to drive vascular growth. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2330-8. [PMID: 23668629 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess potent angiogenic properties and represent a source for cell-based approaches to delivery of bioactive factors to drive vascularization of tissues. Hypoxic signaling appears to be largely responsible for triggering release of these angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Three-dimensional (3D) culture may promote activation of hypoxia-induced pathways, and has furthermore been shown to enhance cell survival by promoting cell-cell interactions while increasing angiogenic potential. However, the development of hypoxia within ADSC spheroids is difficult to characterize. In the present study, we investigated the impact of spheroid size on hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 activity in spheroid cultures under atmospheric and physiological oxygen conditions using a fluorescent marker. Hypoxia could be induced and modulated by controlling the size of the spheroid; HIF-1 activity increased with spheroid size and with decreasing external oxygen concentration. Furthermore, VEGF secretion was impacted by the hypoxic status of the culture, increasing with elevated HIF-1 activity, up to the point at which viability was compromised. Together, these results suggest the ability to use 3D culture geometry as a means to control output of angiogenic factors from ADSCs, and imply that at a particular environmental oxygen concentration an optimal culture size for cytokine production exists. Consideration of culture geometry and microenvironmental conditions at the implantation site will be important for successful realization of ADSCs as a pro-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Skiles
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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Zhou H, Chen X, Zhang WM, Zhu LP, Cheng L. HIF-1α inhibition reduces nasal inflammation in a murine allergic rhinitis model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48618. [PMID: 23133644 PMCID: PMC3486851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is an important regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that nasal allergic inflammation is attenuated by HIF-1α inhibition and strengthened by HIF-1α stabilization. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of HIF-1α in a murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS Mice were pretreated with the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) or the HIF-1α inducer cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) in an established AR murine model using ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice. HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in nasal mucosa was measured and multiple parameters of allergic responses were evaluated. RESULTS HIF-1α and VEGF levels were locally up-regulated in nasal mucosa during AR. Inflammatory responses to OVA challenge, including nasal symptoms, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil recruitment, up-regulation of T-helper type 2 cytokines in nasal lavage fluid, and serum OVA-specific IgE levels were present in the OVA-challenged mice. 2ME2 effectively inhibited HIF-1α and VEGF expression and attenuated the inflammatory responses. Stabilization of HIF-1α by CoCl(2) facilitated nasal allergic inflammation. HIF-1α protein levels in nasal airways correlated with the severity of AR in mice. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of nasal allergies, and the inhibition of HIF-1α may be useful as a novel therapeutic approach for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Ping Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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