1
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Murthy D, Attri KS, Shukla SK, Thakur R, Chaika NV, He C, Wang D, Jha K, Dasgupta A, King RJ, Mulder SE, Souchek J, Gebregiworgis T, Rai V, Patel R, Hu T, Rana S, Kollala SS, Pacheco C, Grandgenett PM, Yu F, Kumar V, Lazenby AJ, Black AR, Ulhannan S, Jain A, Edil BH, Klinkebiel DL, Powers R, Natarajan A, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K, Ly Q, Chaudhary S, Hwang RF, Wellen KE, Singh PK. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived acetate promotes pancreatic cancer development by altering polyamine metabolism via the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:613-627. [PMID: 38429478 PMCID: PMC11021164 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of tumour cells to thrive in harsh microenvironments depends on the utilization of nutrients available in the milieu. Here we show that pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate tumour cell metabolism through the secretion of acetate, which can be blocked by silencing ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) in CAFs. We further show that acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) channels the exogenous acetate to regulate the dynamic cancer epigenome and transcriptome, thereby facilitating cancer cell survival in an acidic microenvironment. Comparative H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses revealed alterations in polyamine homeostasis through regulation of SAT1 gene expression and enrichment of the SP1-responsive signature. We identified acetate/ACSS2-mediated acetylation of SP1 at the lysine 19 residue that increased SP1 protein stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis diminished the tumour burden in mouse models. These results reveal that the metabolic flexibility imparted by the stroma-derived acetate enabled cancer cell survival under acidosis via the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nina V Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan J King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott E Mulder
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joshua Souchek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikant Rai
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Patel
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tuo Hu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Camila Pacheco
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susanna Ulhannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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2
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Shibu MA, Chen YJ, Yang HS, He YH, Lo YH, Lin WT. Principle active metabolites of Pinus morrisonicola Hayata synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and autophagy to elevate apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:3018-3025. [PMID: 37615216 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common primary tumor of liver is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Improving cellular apoptosis and enhancing autophagic clearance is been considered to improve treatment outcomes of HCC. Polyphenols from Pinus morrisonicola (Hayata) have shown various physiological and therapeutic benefits and the flavonoid chrysin is been known for their anticancer effects. However, the main bioactive principle and the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of pine needle extract are not clear yet. In this study, the effects of ethanol extract from pine needle on HCC cells were determined. The results show that when compared with administration of chrysin alone, a fraction containing pinocembrin, chrysin, and tiliroside significantly reduced autophagy and increased apoptosis. The results also correlated with decrease in cell cycle regulators and the autophagic proteins like LC3-II. Collectively, the results imply the fraction containing pinocembrin, chrysin, and tiliroside as an ideal complementary medicine for an effective antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Siang Yang
- Department of Food Science College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua He
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- R&D Division, Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Lo
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- R&D Division, Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Bronson AS, Lilley CM, Zleczewski M, Mirza KM. Polyamine catabolism is concentrated in tumor-associated histiocytes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154627. [PMID: 37343378 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are cationic molecules necessary for cell survival, growth, and replication [1-5]. Polyamines come in a variety of structural forms and are principally regulated by two enzymes, spermine/spermidine acetyltransferase-1 (SAT1) and ornithine decarboxylase-1 (ODC1). SAT1 targets the polyamines spermidine and spermine for degradation via acetylation, while ODC1 is involved in converting the polyamine precursor molecule to more complex polyamines [6-8]. Polyamines and their regulatory enzymes have been implicated in tumor metastasis [9,10] and in crosstalk between oncogenes [11-13] in numerous types of cancer, but their role has never been evaluated in B-cell malignancies. In this study, we examine the expression of SAT1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We found that SAT1 is expressed in all examined cases of DLBCL (n = 15) and HL (n = 5), though the levels of expression across cases vary. We also note that SAT1 expression appears to be concentrated in tumor-associated histiocytes, rather than tumor cells in both DLBCL and HL. We propose that these findings indicate that the polyamine catabolic enzyme, SAT1, plays an unappreciated role in the pathogenesis of B-cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Bronson
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Cullen M Lilley
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mathew Zleczewski
- Loyola University Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kamran M Mirza
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Loyola University Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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4
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Singh C. Metabolism and Vascular Retinopathies: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040903. [PMID: 35453951 PMCID: PMC9031785 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body. Although it is an extension of the brain, the metabolic needs of the retina and metabolic exchanges between the different cell types in the retina are not the same as that of the brain. Retinal photoreceptors convert most of the glucose into lactate via aerobic glycolysis which takes place in their cytosol, yet there are immense numbers of mitochondria in photoreceptors. The present article is a focused review of the metabolic dysregulation seen in retinopathies with underlying vascular abnormalities with aberrant mitochondrial metabolism and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) dependent pathogenesis. Special emphasis has been paid to metabolic exchanges between different cell types in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Metabolic similarities between these proliferative retinopathies have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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5
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Fiches GN, Wu Z, Zhou D, Biswas A, Li TW, Kong W, Jean M, Santoso NG, Zhu J. Polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination are modulated by the DNA tumor virus KSHV and promote KSHV viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010503. [PMID: 35486659 PMCID: PMC9094511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are critical metabolites involved in various cellular processes and often dysregulated in cancers. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), a defined human oncogenic virus, leads to profound alterations of host metabolic landscape to favor development of KSHV-associated malignancies. In our studies, we identified that polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination are dynamically regulated by KSHV infection through modulation of key enzymes (ODC1 and DHPS) of these pathways. During KSHV latency, ODC1 and DHPS are upregulated along with increase of hypusinated eIF5A (hyp-eIF5A), while hyp-eIF5A is further induced along with reduction of ODC1 and intracellular polyamines during KSHV lytic reactivation. In return these metabolic pathways are required for both KSHV lytic reactivation and de novo infection. Further analysis unraveled that synthesis of critical KSHV latent and lytic proteins (LANA, RTA) depends on hypusinated-eIF5A. We also demonstrated that KSHV infection can be efficiently and specifically suppressed by inhibitors targeting these pathways. Collectively, our results illustrated that the dynamic and profound interaction of a DNA tumor virus (KSHV) with host polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination pathways promote viral propagation, thus defining new therapeutic targets to treat KSHV-associated malignancies. Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial to develop and improve therapies. Kaposi’s sarcoma associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gamma-herpesvirus which deeply modulates the host metabolism and is associated with various cancers of endothelial and lymphoid origin. Polyamines are critical metabolites often dysregulated in cancers. In this study we demonstrated KSHV dynamically modulates polyamine metabolism to favor eIF5A hypusination and translation of critical KSHV latent and lytic proteins (LANA, RTA). Consequently, we found KSHV lytic switch from latency and de novo infection were dependent on polyamines and hypusination and pharmacological inhibition efficiently and specifically restricted KSHV infection. Our study provides new insights into KSHV alteration of the host metabolism and describe new therapeutic targets to treat KSHV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tai-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Weili Kong
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maxime Jean
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Netty G. Santoso
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Function of Polyamines in Regulating Cell Cycle Progression of Cultured Silkworm Cells. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070624. [PMID: 34357283 PMCID: PMC8306941 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The mechanism of the polyamine pathway in the lepidopteran silkworm is largely unknown. In the current study, we aimed to characterize the function of polyamines and polyamine pathway genes in silkworm cells as a regulator of cell cycle progression. For the first time, we identified the homologous genes of the polyamine pathway in silkworm, and analyzed their expression characteristics in different tissues and their subcellular localizations in cultured silkworm cells. We measured the abundant levels of polyamines in silkworm cells by HPLC analysis. We found that exogenous supplementation of spermidine in cells promoted DNA replication and cell cycle progression and, in contrast, treatment with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors DFMO and MGBG prevented DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Indeed, the mechanism studies indicated that spermidine increased the expression of cell cycle-related genes, whereas this increase could be abolished by treatment with inhibitors. Taken together, our findings highlight that appropriate levels of polyamines have beneficial effects on the progression of the cell cycle by regulating cell cycle genes in silkworm. Abstract Background: Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polyamines that are ubiquitously distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. Methods: We investigated the expression profiles of polyamine pathway genes by qRT-PCR in different tissues of the lepidopteran silkworm. The polyamine levels in cultured silkworm cells were measured by HPLC. Spermidine and polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors were used for treating the cultured silkworm cells in order to clarify their effects on cell cycle progression. Results: We identified the anabolic and catabolic enzymes that are involved in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in silkworm. Transcriptional expression showed at least seven genes that were expressed in different silkworm tissues. Treatments of the cultured silkworm cells with spermidine or inhibitor mixtures of DFMO and MGBG induced or inhibited the expression of cell cycle-related genes, respectively, and thus led to changed progression of the cell cycle. Conclusions: The present study is the first to identify the polyamine pathway genes and to demonstrate the roles of polyamines on cell cycle progression via regulation of the expression of cell cycle genes in silkworm.
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Hyperoxia Inhibits Proliferation of Retinal Endothelial Cells in a Myc-Dependent Manner. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070614. [PMID: 34202240 PMCID: PMC8304924 DOI: 10.3390/life11070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen supplementation is necessary to prevent mortality in severely premature infants. However, the supraphysiological concentration of oxygen utilized in these infants simultaneously creates retinovascular growth attenuation and vasoobliteration that induces the retinopathy of prematurity. Here, we report that hyperoxia regulates the cell cycle and retinal endothelial cell proliferation in a previously unknown Myc-dependent manner, which contributes to oxygen-induced retinopathy.
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8
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Sagar NA, Tarafdar S, Agarwal S, Tarafdar A, Sharma S. Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34207607 PMCID: PMC8293435 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnava Tarafdar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
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9
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Allmeroth K, Kim CS, Annibal A, Pouikli A, Koester J, Derisbourg MJ, Andrés Chacón-Martínez C, Latza C, Antebi A, Tessarz P, Wickström SA, Denzel MS. N1-acetylspermidine is a determinant of hair follicle stem cell fate. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:261953. [PMID: 33973637 PMCID: PMC8182411 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is accompanied by increased mRNA translation. The rate of protein biosynthesis is influenced by the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine, which are essential for cell growth and stem cell maintenance. However, the role of polyamines as endogenous effectors of stem cell fate and whether they act through translational control remains obscure. Here, we investigate the function of polyamines in stem cell fate decisions using hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) organoids. Compared to progenitor cells, HFSCs showed lower translation rates, correlating with reduced polyamine levels. Surprisingly, overall polyamine depletion decreased translation but did not affect cell fate. In contrast, specific depletion of natural polyamines mediated by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT; also known as SAT1) activation did not reduce translation but enhanced stemness. These results suggest a translation-independent role of polyamines in cell fate regulation. Indeed, we identified N1-acetylspermidine as a determinant of cell fate that acted through increasing self-renewal, and observed elevated N1-acetylspermidine levels upon depilation-mediated HFSC proliferation and differentiation in vivo. Overall, this study delineates the diverse routes of polyamine metabolism-mediated regulation of stem cell fate decisions. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Reduced protein synthesis is required for stem cell functions. Here, we delineate a complex interplay of polyamines and mRNA translation that determines hair follicle stem cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Allmeroth
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine S Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Annibal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andromachi Pouikli
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janis Koester
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD - Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxime J Derisbourg
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christian Latza
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD - Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD - Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD - Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Helsinki Institute for Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin S Denzel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD - Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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10
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Ito D, Ito H, Ideta T, Kanbe A, Ninomiya S, Shimizu M. Systemic and topical administration of spermidine accelerates skin wound healing. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:36. [PMID: 33752688 PMCID: PMC7986284 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin wound healing process is regulated by various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Recent reports have demonstrated that spermine/spermidine (SPD) promote wound healing through urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) signaling in vitro. Here, we investigated whether the systemic and topical administration of SPD would accelerate the skin wound-repair process in vivo. METHODS A skin wound repair model was established using C57BL/6 J mice. SPD was mixed with white petrolatum for topical administration. For systemic administration, SPD mixed with drinking water was orally administered. Changes in wound size over time were calculated using digital photography. RESULTS Systemic and topical SPD treatment significantly accelerated skin wound healing. The administration of SPD promoted the uPA/uPAR pathway in wound sites. Moreover, topical treatment with SPD enhanced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in wound sites. Scratch and cell proliferation assays revealed that SPD administration accelerated scratch wound closure and cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION These results indicate that treatment with SPD promotes skin wound healing through activation of the uPA/uPAR pathway and induction of the inflammatory response in wound sites. The administration of SPD might contribute to new effective treatments to accelerate skin wound healing. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi City, 470-1192 Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Soranobu Ninomiya
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194 Japan
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11
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Tulluri V, Nemmara VV. Role of Antizyme Inhibitor Proteins in Cancers and Beyond. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:667-682. [PMID: 33531815 PMCID: PMC7846877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are multivalent organic cations essential for many cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. However, elevated polyamine levels are associated with a slew of pathological conditions, including multiple cancers. Intracellular polyamine levels are primarily controlled by the autoregulatory circuit comprising two different protein types, Antizymes (OAZ) and Antizyme Inhibitors (AZIN), which regulate the activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). While OAZ functions to decrease the intracellular polyamine levels by inhibiting ODC activity and exerting a negative control of polyamine uptake, AZIN operates to increase intracellular polyamine levels by binding and sequestering OAZ to relieve ODC inhibition and to increase polyamine uptake. Interestingly, OAZ and AZIN exhibit autoregulatory functions on polyamine independent pathways as well. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the dysregulation of AZIN expression in multiple cancers. Additionally, RNA editing of the Azin1 transcript results in a "gain-of-function" phenotype, which is shown to drive aggressive tumor types. This review will discuss the recent advances in AZIN's role in cancers via aberrant polyamine upregulation and its polyamine-independent protein regulation. This report will also highlight AZIN interaction with proteins outside the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and its potential implication to cancer pathogenesis. Finally, this review will reveal the protein interaction network of AZIN isoforms by analyzing three different interactome databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennela Tulluri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ08028, USA
| | - Venkatesh V Nemmara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ08028, USA
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12
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Oliveira TDR, Aragão VPM, Moharana KC, Fedosejevs E, do Amaral FP, Sousa KR, Thelen JJ, Venâncio TM, Silveira V, Santa-Catarina C. Light spectra affect the in vitro shoot development of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) by changing the protein profile and polyamine contents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140529. [PMID: 32853775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The light spectrum quality is an important signal for plant growth and development. We evaluated the effects of different light spectra on the in vitro shoot development of Cedrela fissilis and its proteomic and polyamine (PA) profiles. Cotyledonary and apical nodal segments were grown under different light emitting diodes (LED) and fluorescent lamps. Shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments cultured with 6-benzyladenine (BA) that were grown under WmBdR LED showed increased length and higher fresh and dry matter compared to shoots grown under fluorescent lamps. A nonredundant protein databank generated by transcriptome sequencing and the de novo assembly of C. fissilis improved, and almost doubled, the protein identification compared to a Citrus sinensis databank. A total of 616 proteins were identified, with 23 up- and 103 down-accumulated in the shoots under WmBdR LEDs compared to fluorescent lamps. Most differentially accumulated proteins in shoots grown under the WmBdR LED lamp treatment compared to the fluorescent lamp treatment are involved in responding to metabolic processes, stress, biosynthetic and cellular protein modifications, and light stimulus processes. Among the proteins, the up-accumulation of argininosuccinate synthase was associated with an increase in the free putrescine content and, consequently, with higher shoot elongation under WmBdR LED. The down-accumulation of calreticulin, heat shock proteins, plastid-lipid-associated protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 isoform X1 could be related to the longer shoot length noted under LED treatment. This study provides important data related to the effects of the light spectrum quality on in vitro morphogenesis through the modulation of specific proteins and free putrescine biosynthesis in C. fissilis, an endangered wood species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of economic and ecological relevance. The nonredundant protein databank of C. fissilis is available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD018020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu Dos Reis Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Paulo Mesquita Aragão
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kanhu Charan Moharana
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fernanda Plucani do Amaral
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kariane Rodrigues Sousa
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jay J Thelen
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thiago Motta Venâncio
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; UENF, Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudete Santa-Catarina
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Geck RC, Foley JR, Murray Stewart T, Asara JM, Casero RA, Toker A. Inhibition of the polyamine synthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6263-6277. [PMID: 32139506 PMCID: PMC7212655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited by a lack of effective molecular therapies targeting this disease. Recent studies have identified metabolic alterations in cancer cells that can be targeted to improve responses to standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens. Using MDA-MB-468 and SUM-159PT TNBC cells, along with LC-MS/MS and HPLC metabolomics profiling, we found here that exposure of TNBC cells to the cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin alter arginine and polyamine metabolites. This alteration was because of a reduction in the levels and activity of a rate-limiting polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Using gene silencing and inhibitor treatments, we determined that the reduction in ODC was mediated by its negative regulator antizyme, targeting ODC to the proteasome for degradation. Treatment with the ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) sensitized TNBC cells to chemotherapy, but this was not observed in receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Moreover, TNBC cell lines had greater sensitivity to single-agent DFMO, and ODC levels were elevated in TNBC patient samples. The alterations in polyamine metabolism in response to chemotherapy, as well as DFMO-induced preferential sensitization of TNBC cells to chemotherapy, reported here suggest that ODC may be a targetable metabolic vulnerability in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee C Geck
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - John M Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Alex Toker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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14
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KLF4 is required for suppression of histamine synthesis by polyamines during bone marrow-derived mast cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229744. [PMID: 32101568 PMCID: PMC7043748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have secretory granules containing chemical mediators such as histamine and play important roles in the immune system. Polyamines are essential factors for cellular processes such as gene expression and translation. It has been reported that secretory granules contain both histamine and polyamines, which have similar chemical structures and are produced from the metabolism of cationic amino acids. We investigated the effect of polyamine depletion on mast cells using bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Polyamine depletion was induced using α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. DFMO treatment resulted in a significant reduction of cell number and abnormal secretory granules in BMMCs. Moreover, the cells showed a 2.3-fold increase in intracellular histamine and up-regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) at the transcriptional level during BMMC differentiation. Levels of the transcription factor kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) greatly decreased upon DFMO treatment; however, Klf4 mRNA was expressed at levels similar to controls. We determined the translational regulation of KLF4 using reporter genes encoding Klf4-luc2 fusion mRNA, for transfecting NIH3T3 cells, and performed in vitro translation. We found that the efficiency of KLF4 synthesis in response to DFMO treatment was enhanced by the existence of a GC-rich 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) on Klf4 mRNA, regardless of the recognition of the initiation codon. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of histamine synthesis by DFMO depends on the up-regulation of Hdc expression, achieved by removal of transcriptional suppression of KLF4, during differentiation.
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15
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Capella Roca B, Doolan P, Barron N, O'Neill F, Clynes M. Altered gene expression in CHO cells following polyamine starvation. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:927-936. [PMID: 32078082 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of polyamine deprivation on the transcriptome of CHO cells RESULTS: Polyamines play a central but poorly-understood role in cell proliferation. Most studies to date have utilised chemical inhibitors to probe polyamine function. Here we exploit the fact that CHO cells grown in serum-free medium have an absolute requirement for putrescine supplementation due to their deficiency in activity of the enzyme arginase. A gene expression microarray (Affymetrix) analysis of CHO-K1 cells starved of polyamines for 3 days showed that cessation of growth, associated with increased G1/S transition and inhibition of M/G1 transition was accompanied by increased mRNA levels of mitotic complex checkpoint genes (Mad2l1, Tkk, Bub1b) and in the transition of G1- to S-phase (such as Skp2 and Tfdp1). mRNAs associated with DNA homologous recombination and repair (including Fanconi's anaemia-related genes) and with RNA splicing were consistently increased. Alterations in mRNA levels for genes related to protein processing in the ER, to ER stress, and to p53-related and apoptosis pathways were also observed. mRNAs showing highest levels of fold-change included several which code for membrane-localised proteins and receptors (Thbs1, Tfrc1, Ackr3, Extl1). CONCLUSIONS Growth-arrest induced by polyamine deprivation was associated with significant alterations in levels of mRNAs associated with cell cycle progression, DNA repair, RNA splicing, ER trafficking and membrane signalling as well as p53 and apoptosis-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Capella Roca
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- SSPC-SFI Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Padraig Doolan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- SSPC-SFI Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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16
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Zou YF, Meng LB, He ZK, Hu CH, Shan MJ, Wang DY, Yu X. Screening and authentication of molecular markers in malignant glioblastoma based on gene expression profiles. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4593-4604. [PMID: 31611967 PMCID: PMC6781560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system with high mortality rates. Gene expression profiling may determine the chemosensitivity of GBMs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GBM remain to be determined. To screen the novel key genes in its occurrence and development, two glioma databases, GSE122498 and GSE104291, were analyzed in the present study. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Cytoscape, cBioPortal, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis softwares. Patients with recurrent GBM showed worse overall survival rate. Overall, 341 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were authenticated based on two microarray datasets, which were primarily enriched in ‘cell division’, ‘mitotic nuclear division’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘nucleoplasm’, ‘cytosol, nucleus’, ‘protein binding’, ‘ATP binding’, ‘protein C-terminus binding’, ‘the cell cycle’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘oocyte meiosis’ and ‘valine’. The protein-protein interaction network was composed of 1,799 edges and 237 nodes. Its significant module had 10 hub genes, and CDK1, BUB1B, NDC80, NCAPG, BUB1, CCNB1, TOP2A, DLGAP5, ASPM and MELK were significantly associated with carcinogenesis and the development of GBM. The present study indicated that the DEGs and hub genes, identified based on bioinformatics analyses, had significant diagnostic value for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Kai He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Hao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
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17
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The functional role of polyamines in eukaryotic cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:104-115. [PMID: 30578954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines, consisting of putrescine, spermidine and spermine are essential for normal cell growth and viability in eukaryotic cells. Since polyamines are cations, they interact with DNA, ATP, phospholipids, specific kinds of proteins, and especially with RNA. Consequently, the functions of these acidic compounds and some proteins are modified by polyamines. In this review, the functional modifications of these molecules by polyamines are presented. Structural change of specific mRNAs by polyamines causes the stimulation of the synthesis of several different proteins, which are important for cell growth and viability. eIF5 A, the only known protein containing a spermidine derivative, i.e. hypusine, also functions at the level of translation. Experimental results thus far obtained strongly suggest that the most important function of polyamines is at the level of translation.
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18
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Wang C, Ruan P, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang J, Wu X, Liu T, Wang S, Hou J, Li W, Li Q, Li J, Dai F, Fang D, Wang C, Xie S. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase regulates cell growth and metastasis via AKT/β-catenin signaling pathways in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1092-1109. [PMID: 27901475 PMCID: PMC5352037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the most common cancers across the world. Therefore, identifying the potential molecular mechanisms that promote HCC and CRC progression and metastasis are urgently needed. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a catabolic enzyme that acetylates the high-order polyamines spermine and spermidine, thus decreasing the cellular content of polyamines. Several publications have suggested that depletion of intracellular polyamines inhibited tumor progression and metastasis in various cancer cells. However, whether and how SSAT regulates cell growth, migration and invasion in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In this study, depletion of polyamines mediated by SSAT not only attenuated the tumor cell proliferation but also dramatically inhibited cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells. Subsequent investigations revealed introduction of SSAT into HepG2, SMMC7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells significantly suppressed p-AKT, p-GSK3β expression as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation, while inhibition of GSK3β activity or exogenous polyamines could restore SSAT-induced decreases in the protein expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin. Conversely, knockdown of SSAT in Bel7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells which expressed high levels of SSAT endogenously significantly promoted the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results indicated depletion of polyamines by SSAT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ping Ruan
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiuzhou Hou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fujun Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Zabala-Letona A, Carracedo A. Oil for the cancer engine: The cross-talk between oncogenic signaling and polyamine metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2606. [PMID: 29376126 PMCID: PMC5783676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism has provided remarkable information about the biological basis and therapeutic weaknesses of cancer cells. Classic biochemistry established the importance of metabolic alterations in tumor biology and revealed the importance of various metabolite families to the tumorigenic process. We have evidence of the central role of polyamines, small polycatonic metabolites, in cell proliferation and cancer growth from these studies. However, how cancer cells activate this metabolic pathway and the molecular cues behind the oncogenic action of polyamines has remained largely obscure. In contrast to the view of metabolites as fuel (anabolic intermediates) for cancer cells, polyamines are better defined as the oil that lubricates the cancer engine because they affect the activity of biological processes. Modern research has brought back to the limelight this metabolic pathway, providing a strong link between genetic, metabolic, and signaling events in cancer. In this review, we enumerate and discuss current views of the regulation and activity of polyamine metabolism in tumor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaia Zabala-Letona
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801A Building, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801A Building, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Cheng H, Lu C, Tang R, Pan Y, Bao S, Qiu Y, Xie M. Ellagic acid inhibits the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12301-12310. [PMID: 28135203 PMCID: PMC5355345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic aicd (EA), a dietary polyphenolic compound found in plants and fruits, possesses various pharmacological activities. This study investigated the effect of EA on human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells both in vitro and in vivo; and defined the associated molecular mechanisms. In vitro, the cell growth and repairing ability were assessed by CCK-8 assay and wound healing assay. The cell migration and invasion activity was evaluated by Tanswell assay. In vivo, PANC-1 cell tumor-bearing mice were treated with different concentrations of EA. We found that EA significantly inhibited cell growth, cell repairing activity, and cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of PANC-1 xenografted mice with EA resulted in significant inhibition in tumor growth and prolong mice survival rate. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that EA increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase of cell cycle. Western blot analysis revealed that EA inhibited the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB. In addition, EA reversed epithelial to mesenchymal transition by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating Vimentin. In summary, the present study demonstrated that EA inhibited cell growth, cell repairing activity, cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. EA also effectively inhibit human pancreatic cancer growth in mice. The anti-tumor effect of EA might be related to cell cycle arrest, down-regulating the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB, reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating Vimentin. Our findings suggest that the use of EA would be beneficial for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenglin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanhua Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Neuroprotective property of low molecular weight fraction from B. jararaca snake venom in H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal cells. Toxicon 2017; 129:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Natori T, Fujiyoshi M, Uchida M, Abe N, Kanaki T, Fukumoto Y, Ishii I. Growth arrest of vascular smooth muscle cells in suspension culture using low-acyl gellan gum. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:191-198. [PMID: 27924445 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) causes restenosis in biomaterial vascular grafts. The purposes of this study were to establish a suspension culture system for SMCs by using a novel substrate, low-acyl gellan gum (GG) and to maintain SMCs in a state of growth inhibition. When SMCs were cultured in suspension with GG, their proliferation was inhibited. Their viability was 70% at day 2, which was maintained at more than 50% until day 5. In contrast, the viability of cells cultured in suspension without GG was 5.6% at day 2. By cell cycle analysis, the ratio of SMCs in the S phase when cultured in suspension with GG was lower than when cultured on plastic plates. In SMCs cultured in suspension with GG, the ratio of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein to Rb protein was decreased and p27Kip1 expression was unchanged in comparison with SMCs cultured on plastic plates. In addition, SMCs could be induced to proliferate again by changing the culture condition from suspension with GG to plastic plates. These results suggest that our established culturing method for SMCs is useful to maintain SMCs in a state of growth inhibition with high viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Natori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masachika Fujiyoshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Natsuki Abe
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka, Saitama, 369-0305, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kanaki
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd., 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka, Saitama, 369-0305, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan. .,Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
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23
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Okumura S, Teratani T, Fujimoto Y, Zhao X, Tsuruyama T, Masano Y, Kasahara N, Iida T, Yagi S, Uemura T, Kaido T, Uemoto S. Oral administration of polyamines ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury and promotes liver regeneration in rats. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:1231-44. [PMID: 27102080 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation. They play important roles in protection from liver damage and promotion of liver regeneration. However, little is known about the effect of oral exogenous polyamine administration on liver damage and regeneration. This study investigated the impact of polyamines (spermidine and spermine) on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and liver regeneration. We used a rat model in which a 70% hepatectomy after 40 minutes of ischemia was performed to mimic the clinical condition of living donor partial liver transplantation (LT). Male Lewis rats were separated into 2 groups: a polyamine group given polyamines before and after operation as treatment and a vehicle group given distilled water as placebo. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase at 6, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion were significantly lower in the polyamine group compared with those in the vehicle group. Polyamine treatment reduced the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines at 6 hours after reperfusion. Histological analysis showed significantly less necrosis and apoptosis in the polyamine group at 6 hours after reperfusion. Sinusoidal endothelial cells were also well preserved in the polyamine group. In addition, the regeneration of the remnant liver at 24, 48, and 168 hours after reperfusion was significantly accelerated, and the Ki-67 labeling index and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein at 24 hours after reperfusion were significantly higher in the polyamine group compared with those in the vehicle group. In conclusion, perioperative oral polyamine administration attenuates liver IRI and promotes liver regeneration. It might be a new therapeutic option to improve the outcomes of partial LT. Liver Transplantation 22 1231-1244 2016 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okumura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Teratani
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujimoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Shizuoka Municipal Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Masano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Kasahara
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taku Iida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Uemura
- Transplant Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Abstract
The content of spermidine and spermine in mammalian cells has important roles in protein and nucleic acid synthesis and structure, protection from oxidative damage, activity of ion channels, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Spermidine is essential for viability and acts as the precursor of hypusine, a post-translational addition to eIF5A allowing the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins containing polyproline tracts. Studies with Gy mice and human patients with the very rare X-linked genetic condition Snyder-Robinson syndrome that both lack spermine synthase show clearly that the correct spermine:spermidine ratio is critical for normal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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25
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Hamon L, Savarin P, Pastré D. Polyamine signal through gap junctions: A key regulator of proliferation and gap-junction organization in mammalian tissues? Bioessays 2016; 38:498-507. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loic Hamon
- Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques; INSERM U1204 and Université Evry-Val d'Essonne; Evry France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB); Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244; Bobigny France
| | - David Pastré
- Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques; INSERM U1204 and Université Evry-Val d'Essonne; Evry France
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26
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Soares CO, Boiani M, Marnett LJ, Bechara EJH. Cytotoxicity of 1,4-diamino-2-butanone, a putrescine analogue, to RKO cells: mechanism and redox imbalance. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:672-82. [PMID: 23758064 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.814126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Aminocarbonyl metabolites (e.g., 5-aminolevulinic acid and aminoacetone) and the wide spectrum microbicide 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (DAB) have been shown to exhibit pro-oxidant properties. In vitro, these compounds undergo phosphate-catalyzed enolization at physiological pH and subsequent superoxide radical-propagated aerobic oxidation, yielding a reactive α-oxoaldehyde and H2O2. DAB cytotoxicity to pathogenic microorganisms has been attributed to the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. However, the role played in cell death by reactive DAB oxidation products is still poorly understood. This work aims to clarify the mechanism of DAB-promoted pro-oxidant action on mammalian cells. DAB (0.05-10 mM) treatment of RKO cells derived from human colon carcinoma led to a decrease in cell viability (IC50 ca. 0.3 mM DAB, 24 h incubation). Pre-addition of either catalase (5 μM) or aminoguanidine (20 mM) was observed to partially inhibit the toxic effects of DAB to the cells, while N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 5 mM) or reduced glutathione (GSH, 5 mM) provided almost complete protection against DAB. Changes in redox balance and stress response pathways were indicated by the increased expression of HO-1, NQO1 and xCT. Moreover, the observation of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage products is consistent with DAB-triggered apoptosis in RKO cells, which was corroborated by the partial protection afforded by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK. Finally, DAB treatment disrupted the cell cycle in response to increased p53 and activation of ATM. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that DAB exerts cytotoxicity via a mechanism involving not only polyamine biosynthesis but also by DAB oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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