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Zorkina Y, Ushakova V, Ochneva A, Tsurina A, Abramova O, Savenkova V, Goncharova A, Alekseenko I, Morozova I, Riabinina D, Kostyuk G, Morozova A. Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers. Metabolites 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38392971 PMCID: PMC10890164 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a crucial component of the human brain, serving important structural and functional roles. They are involved in cell function, myelination of neuronal projections, neurotransmission, neural plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Despite their significance, the role of lipids in the development of mental disorders has not been well understood. This review focused on the potential use of lipids as blood biomarkers for common mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. This review also discussed the impact of commonly used psychiatric medications, such as neuroleptics and antidepressants, on lipid metabolism. The obtained data suggested that lipid biomarkers could be useful for diagnosing psychiatric diseases, but further research is needed to better understand the associations between blood lipids and mental disorders and to identify specific biomarker combinations for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tsurina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Savenkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Goncharova
- Moscow Center for Healthcare Innovations, 123473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academi of Science, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Russia Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 2, Kurchatov Square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Riabinina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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Gallant RM, Snyder JM, Ayres JS. Fluoxetine promotes immunometabolic defenses to mediate host-pathogen cooperation during sepsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.18.567681. [PMID: 38013994 PMCID: PMC10680848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are some of the most prescribed drugs in the world. While they are used for their ability to increase serotonergic signaling in the brain, SSRIs are also known to have a broad range of effects beyond the brain, including immune and metabolic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that SSRIs are protective in animal models and humans against several infections, including sepsis and COVID-19, however the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. Here we mechanistically link two previously described effects of the SSRI fluoxetine in mediating protection against sepsis. We show that fluoxetine-mediated protection is independent of peripheral serotonin, and instead increases levels of circulating IL-10. IL-10 is necessary for protection from sepsis-induced hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac triglyceride accumulation, allowing for metabolic reprogramming of the heart. Our work reveals a beneficial "off-target" effect of fluoxetine, and reveals a protective immunometabolic defense mechanism with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gallant
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Shi L, Jia F. Association between antidepressant use and liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population based study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 36899407 PMCID: PMC10007740 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of liver fibrosis among diabetic patients is increasing rapidly. Our study aims at exploring the relationship between antidepressant use and liver fibrosis in diabetic patients. METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional study through the cycle of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. The study population were consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes and reliable vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) results. The presence of liver fibrosis and steatosis were assessed by the median values of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), respectively. Antidepressants included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs). Patients with evidence of viral hepatitis and significant alcohol consumption were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between antidepressant use and both steatosis and significant (≥ F3) liver fibrosis after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Our study population consisted of 340 women and 414 men, of whom 87 women(61.3%) and 55(38.7%) men received antidepressants. The most commonly used antidepressants were SSNIs(48.6%), SNRIs(22.5%) and TCAs(12.7%), followed by SARIs(10.6%) and other antidepressants(5.6%). 165 participants had significant liver fibrosis by VCTE, with a weighted overall prevalence of 24%(95% CI 19.2-29.5). In addition, 510 patients had evidence of hepatic steatosis by VCTE with a weighted overall prevalence of 75.4%(95% CI 69.2-80.7). After adjusting confounders, no significant association was observed between antidepressant use and significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in this cross-sectional study, we found that antidepressant drugs was not associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in a nationwide population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangyuan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ayyash A, Holloway AC. Fluoxetine-induced hepatic lipid accumulation is mediated by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 and is linked to elevated 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 PGJ 2. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1004-1015. [PMID: 34897744 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders are often managed with long-term use of antidepressant medication. Fluoxetine, an SSRI antidepressant, is widely used as a first-line treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, fluoxetine has also been shown to increase the risk of metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fluoxetine has been shown to increase hepatic lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro. In addition, fluoxetine has been shown to alter the production of prostaglandins which have also been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of fluoxetine exposure on the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway and lipid accumulation in a hepatic cell line (H4-II-E-C3 cells). Fluoxetine treatment increased mRNA expression of prostaglandin biosynthetic enzymes (Ptgs1, Ptgs2, and Ptgds), PPAR gamma (Pparg), and PPAR gamma downstream targets involved in fatty acid uptake (Cd36, Fatp2, and Fatp5) as well as production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 PGJ2 a PPAR gamma ligand. The effects of fluoxetine to induce lipid accumulation were attenuated with a PTGS1 specific inhibitor (SC-560), whereas inhibition of PTGS2 had no effect. Moreover, SC-560 attenuated 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 PGJ2 production and expression of PPAR gamma downstream target genes. Taken together these results suggest that fluoxetine-induced lipid abnormalities appear to be mediated via PTGS1 and its downstream product 15d-PGJ2 and suggest a novel therapeutic target to prevent some of the adverse effects of fluoxetine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Ayyash A, Holloway AC. Fluoxetine-induced hepatic lipid accumulation is linked to elevated serotonin production. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:983-988. [PMID: 33517848 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, has been shown to increase hepatic lipid accumulation, a key factor in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, fluoxetine has also been reported to increase peripheral serotonin synthesis. As emerging evidence suggests that serotonin may be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we sought to determine if fluoxetine-induced hepatic lipid accumulation is mediated via altered serotonin production. Fluoxetine treatment increased lipid accumulation in association with increased mRNA expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1, serotonin biosynthetic enzyme) and intracellular serotonin content. Serotonin alone had a similar effect to increase lipid accumulation. Moreover, blocking serotonin synthesis reversed the fluoxetine-induced increases in lipid accumulation. Collectively, these data suggest that fluoxetine-induced lipid accumulation can be mediated, in part, by elevated serotonin production. These results suggest a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of fluoxetine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Todorović Vukotić N, Đorđević J, Pejić S, Đorđević N, Pajović SB. Antidepressants- and antipsychotics-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:767-789. [PMID: 33398419 PMCID: PMC7781826 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious health burden. It has diverse clinical presentations that can escalate to acute liver failure. The worldwide increase in the use of psychotropic drugs, their long-term use on a daily basis, common comorbidities of psychiatric and metabolic disorders, and polypharmacy in psychiatric patients increase the incidence of psychotropics-induced DILI. During the last 2 decades, hepatotoxicity of various antidepressants (ADs) and antipsychotics (APs) received much attention. Comprehensive review and discussion of accumulated literature data concerning this issue are performed in this study, as hepatotoxic effects of most commonly prescribed ADs and APs are classified, described, and discussed. The review focuses on ADs and APs characterized by the risk of causing liver damage and highlights the ones found to cause life-threatening or severe DILI cases. In parallel, an overview of hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, and steatosis underlying DILI is provided, followed by extensive review and discussion of the pathophysiology of AD- and AP-induced DILI revealed in case reports, and animal and in vitro studies. The consequences of some ADs and APs ability to affect drug-metabolizing enzymes and therefore provoke drug–drug interactions are also addressed. Continuous collecting of data on drugs, mechanisms, and risk factors for DILI, as well as critical data reviewing, is crucial for easier DILI diagnosis and more efficient risk assessment of AD- and AP-induced DILI. Higher awareness of ADs and APs hepatotoxicity is the prerequisite for their safe use and optimal dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorović Vukotić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Alasa, P.O. Box 522-090, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Đaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Pejić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Alasa, P.O. Box 522-090, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Alasa, P.O. Box 522-090, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana B Pajović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Alasa, P.O. Box 522-090, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 81 Blvd. Dr. Zorana Đinđića, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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7
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Lu S, Ma Z, Gu Y, Li P, Chen Y, Bai M, Zhou H, Yang X, Jiang H. Downregulation of glucose‐6‐phosphatase expression contributes to fluoxetine‐induced hepatic steatosis. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1232-1240. [PMID: 33179799 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yong Gu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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8
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Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Caçador I, Marques JC, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF, Duarte B. Fluoxetine Arrests Growth of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Altering Energetic and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1803. [PMID: 32849412 PMCID: PMC7411086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues impose a new and emerging threat to aquatic environments and its biota. One of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that has been frequently detected, in concentrations up to 40 μg L–1, in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the ecotoxicity of fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 20, 40, and 80 μg L–1) on cell energy and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoxetine negatively affected cell density and photosynthesis through a decrease in the active PSII reaction centers. Stress response mechanisms, like β-carotene (β-car) production and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] up-regulation were triggered, likely as a positive feedback mechanism toward formation of fluoxetine-induced reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products increased greatly at the highest fluoxetine concentration whereas no variation in the relative amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) was observed. However, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-characteristic fatty acids such as C16:2 and C16:3 increased, suggesting an interaction between light harvesting pigments, lipid environment, and photosynthesis stabilization. Using a canonical multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of bio-optical and biochemical techniques as potential fluoxetine exposure biomarkers in P. tricornutum. An overall classification efficiency to the different levels of fluoxetine exposure of 61.1 and 88.9% were obtained for bio-optical and fatty acids profiles, respectively, with different resolution degrees highlighting these parameters as potential efficient biomarkers. Additionally, the negative impact of this pharmaceutical molecule on the primary productivity is also evident alongside with an increase in respiratory oxygen consumption. From the ecological point of view, reduction in diatom biomass due to continued exposure to fluoxetine may severely impact estuarine and coastal trophic webs, by both a reduction in oxygen primary productivity and reduced availability of key fatty acids to the dependent heterotrophic upper levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Saponara E, Visentin M, Baschieri F, Seleznik G, Martinelli P, Esposito I, Buschmann J, Chen R, Parrotta R, Borgeaud N, Bombardo M, Malagola E, Caflisch A, Farhan H, Graf R, Sonda S. Serotonin uptake is required for Rac1 activation in Kras-induced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in the pancreas. J Pathol 2018; 246:352-365. [PMID: 30058725 DOI: 10.1002/path.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the primary cause of pancreatic cancer mortality, is poorly responsive to currently available interventions. Identifying new targets that drive PDAC formation and progression is critical for developing alternative therapeutic strategies to treat this lethal malignancy. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated in vivo and in vitro whether uptake of the monoamine serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is required for PDAC development. We demonstrated that pancreatic acinar cells have the ability to readily take up 5-HT in a transport-mediated manner. 5-HT uptake promoted activation of the small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), which is required for transdifferentiation of acinar cells into acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), a key determinant in PDAC development. Consistent with the central role played by Rac1 in ADM formation, inhibition of the 5-HT transporter Sert (Slc6a4) with fluoxetine reduced ADM formation both in vitro and in vivo in a cell-autonomous manner. In addition, fluoxetine treatment profoundly compromised the stromal reaction and affected the proliferation and lipid metabolism of malignant PDAC cells. We propose that Sert is a promising therapeutic target to counteract the early event of ADM, with the potential to stall the initiation and progression of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Saponara
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Institute Gustave Roussy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
| | - Gitta Seleznik
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University, Wien, Austria
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institut für Pathologie, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Parrotta
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Thorax und Lungen Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Borgeaud
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bombardo
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Graf
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Fluoxetine induces lipid metabolism abnormalities by acting on the liver in patients and mice with depression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1463-1472. [PMID: 30150788 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are frequently managed with long-term use of antidepressant medication. Fluoxetine (FLX) is the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to be widely available for the treatment of depression. The present study focuses on the effects and mechanisms of the lipid metabolism abnormalities caused by FLX in patients and in a mouse model of depression. Depression severity was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum levels were assessed in 28 patients with depression, aged 31.2±3.3 years, treated with FLX (20 to 60 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Meanwhile, the serum levels of other lipid metabolism-related parameters, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), were also determined. The infiuence of FLX on the hepatic lipid profile and hepatic gene expression of both lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes was evaluated in a mouse model of depression treated with FLX (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 4 weeks. We showed that the serum TG, TC and LDL levels were significantly increased in patients with depression after FLX treatment. The elevation in serum TG levels in the patients was not affected by gender or family history. FLX treatment did not significantly alter serum HDL, APOA1 or APOB levels in the patients. We further demonstrated in mice with depression that FLX treatment increased the hepatic TG level by increasing the expression of lipogenic enzymes and decreasing the expression of lipolytic enzymes in the liver. Antidepressive therapy with FLX is associated with lipid metabolism abnormalities, which are in part mediated by disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis. The findings contribute to the uncovering of metabolic adverse reactions in the pharmacological therapy of depression.
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Nobiletin Inhibits Hepatic Lipogenesis via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7420265. [PMID: 29552085 PMCID: PMC5820556 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7420265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of nobiletin on hepatic lipogenesis in high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxyflavonoid with six methoxy groups, is present abundantly in the peels of citrus fruits. HepG2 cells were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing high glucose (25 mM) and subsequently treated with nobiletin at different concentrations (5, 25, and 50 μM). Results showed that nobiletin markedly inhibited high glucose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. In addition, it reduced the protein expression of lipogenic factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Nobiletin significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Pretreatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effects of nobiletin on SREBP-1c and FAS expression. These results suggested that nobiletin might attenuate high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 hepatocytes via modulation of AMPK signaling pathway. Therefore, nobiletin might be useful for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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12
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De Long NE, Hardy DB, Ma N, Holloway AC. Increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in male rat offspring exposed to fluoxetine during fetal and neonatal life involves the NLRP3 inflammasome and augmented de novo hepatic lipogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1507-1516. [PMID: 28677866 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to 10% of women take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during pregnancy. Children exposed to SSRIs in utero have an increased risk of being overweight suggesting that fetal exposure to SSRIs can cause permanent metabolic changes. We have previously shown in rats that fetal and neonatal exposure to the SSRI antidepressant fluoxetine results in metabolic perturbations including increased hepatic triglyceride content; a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the fluoxetine-induced increase in intrahepatic triglyceride content. Female nulliparous Wistar rats were given vehicle or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) orally for 2 weeks prior to mating until weaning. At 6 months of age, we assessed whether SSRI exposure altered components of the hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis pathway in the offspring and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. Male SSRI-exposed offspring had a significant increase in the steady-state mRNA levels of Elovl6 and Dgat1 and core components of the NLRP3 inflammasome (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation recruitment domain [ASC] and caspase-1). Augmented expression of Asc in the SSRI-exposed offspring coincided with increased histone acetylation in the proximal promoter region. Given that we have previously demonstrated that antenatal exposure to SSRIs can lead to fatty liver in the offspring, this raises concerns regarding the long-term metabolic sequelae of fetal SSRI exposure. Moreover, this study suggests that elevated hepatic triglyceride levels observed in the SSRI-exposed offspring may be due, in part, to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and augmentation of de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E De Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K6
| | - Noelle Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K6
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
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13
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Suski M, Wiśniewska A, Stachowicz A, Olszanecki R, Kuś K, Białas M, Madej J, Korbut R. The influence of AICAR - direct activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - on liver proteome in apoE-knockout mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:406-416. [PMID: 28455001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that altered functioning of apoE may aggravate cellular energy homeostasis and stress response, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, leading to hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and neurodegeneration. One of the key cellular responses to mitochondria and ER-stress related processes and cellular energy imbalance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), considered as a cellular master energy sensor and critical regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis. The aim of our study was to use differential proteomics and transcriptomics approach to elucidate the effect of direct AMPK activator AICAR on liver proteome in apoE-/- mice - experimental model of atherosclerosis and moderate nonalcoholic steatosis. We applied Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two-dimensional chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS) MudPIT strategy, as well as RT-PCR to investigate the changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins and transcripts expression in 6-month old AICAR-treated apoE-/-. AICAR elicited induction of proteins related to mitochondrial β-oxidation, protein degradation and energy producing pathways (i.a. tricarboxylic acid cycle members and mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2). On the other hand, AICAR repressed inflammatory and pro-apoptotic markers in the apoE-/- mice liver, alongside reduction in several peroxisomal proteins, possibly suggesting induction of anti-oxidative pexophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Białas
- Chair of Phatomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Madej
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Luo W, Xin Y, Zhao X, Zhang F, Liu C, Fan H, Xi T, Xiong J. Suppression of carboxylesterases by imatinib mediated by the down-regulation of pregnane X receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:700-717. [PMID: 28128444 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a first-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) as a specific inhibitor of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. As IM is widely used in CML, in combination with other drugs, the effects of IM on drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are crucial to the design of rational drug administration. Carboxylesterases (CESs) are enzymes catalysing the hydrolytic biotransformation of several clinically useful drugs. Although IM is known to inhibit cytochromes P450 (CYPs), its effects on DMEs, and CESs in particular, are still largely undefined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) and primary mouse hepatocytes were used. mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Reporter luciferase activity was determined by transient co-transfection experiment. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression was regulated by overexpression and RNA interference. The activity of CESs was determined by enzymic and toxicological assays. Mice were treated with a range of doses of IM to analyse expression of CESs in mouse liver. KEY RESULTS The expression and activity of CESs were markedly repressed by IM, along with the down-regulation of PXR and inhibited expression and activity of CYP3A4 and P-gp. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Down-regulation of PXR mediates IM-induced suppression of CESs. IM may inhibit expression of other genes targeted by PXR, thus inducing a wide range of potential drug-drug interactions during treatment of CML. The data deserve further elucidation including clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Shan E, Zhu Z, He S, Chu D, Ge D, Zhan Y, Liu W, Yang J, Xiong J. Involvement of pregnane X receptor in the suppression of carboxylesterases by metformin in vivo and in vitro, mediated by the activation of AMPK and JNK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:14-23. [PMID: 28238946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder requiring polypharmacy treatment in clinic, with metformin being widely used antihyperglycemic drug. However, the mechanisms of metformin as a perpetrator inducing potential drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions are scarcely known to date. Carboxylesterases (CESs) are major hydrolytic enzymes highly expressed in the liver, including mouse carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) and Ces1e. In the present study, experiments are designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of metformin on Ces1d and Ces1e in vivo and in vitro. In results, metformin suppresses the expression and activity of Ces1d and Ces1e in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The decreased expression of nuclear receptor PXR and its target gene P-gp indicates the involvements of PXR in the suppressed expression of carboxylesterases by metformin. Furthermore, metformin significantly suppresses the phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK, and the suppression of carboxylesterases induced by metformin is repeatedly abolished by AMPK inhibitor Compound C and JNK inhibitor SP600125. It implies that the activation of AMPK and JNK pathways mediates the suppression of carboxylesterases by metformin. The findings deserve further elucidation including clinical trials and have a potential to make contribution for the rational medication in the treatment of T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfang Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shuangcheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dongbao Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dinghao Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yunran Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Rozenblit-Susan S, Chapnik N, Froy O. Metabolic effect of fluvoxamine in mouse peripheral tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:12-22. [PMID: 26797245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin leads to reduced food intake and satiety. Disrupted circadian rhythms lead to hyperphagia and obesity. The serotonergic and circadian systems are intertwined, as the central brain clock receives direct serotonergic innervation and, in turn, makes polysynaptic output back to serotonergic nuclei. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that peripherally serotonin alters circadian rhythms leading to a shift towards fat synthesis and weight gain. We studied the effect of serotonin and fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on the circadian clock and metabolic gene and protein expression in mouse liver, muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) and cell culture. We found that serotonin and/or the SSRI fluvoxamine led to fat accumulation in mouse liver and hepatocytes by shifting metabolism towards fatty acid synthesis mainly through low average levels of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase (pACC) and phosphorylated protein phosphatase 2A (pPP2A). This shift towards fat synthesis was also observed in adipose tissue. Muscle cells were only slightly affected metabolically by serotonin or fluvoxamine. In conclusion, although centrally it leads to increased satiety, in peripheral tissues, such as the liver and WAT, serotonin induces fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Rozenblit-Susan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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