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Endzhievskaya S, Hsu CK, Yang HS, Huang HY, Lin YC, Hong YK, Lee JYW, Onoufriadis A, Takeichi T, Yu-Yun Lee J, Shaw TJ, McGrath JA, Parsons M. Loss of RhoE Function in Dermatofibroma Promotes Disorganized Dermal Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix and Increased Integrin Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00075-1. [PMID: 36774976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermatofibromas (DFs) are common, benign fibrous skin tumors that can occur at any skin site. In most cases, DFs are solitary and sporadic, but a few are multiple and familial, and the mechanisms leading to these lesions are currently unclear. Using exome sequencing, we have identified a heterozygous variant in a pedigree with autosomal dominant multiple familial DF within RND3 (c.692C>T,p.T231M) that encodes for the small GTPase RhoE, a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Expression of T231M-RhoE or RhoE depletion using CRISPR in human dermal fibroblasts increased proliferation and adhesion to extracellular matrix through enhanced β1 integrin activation and more disorganized matrix. The enzyme PLOD2 was identified as a binding partner for RhoE, and the formation of this complex was disrupted by T231M-RhoE. PLOD2 promotes collagen cross-linking and activation of β1 integrins, and depleting PLOD2 in T231M-RhoE-expressing cells reduced T231M-RhoE-mediated β1 integrin activation and led to increased matrix alignment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed reduced expression of RhoE but increased expression of PLOD2 in the dermis of DF skin samples compared with that of the controls. Our data show that loss of RhoE function leads to increased PLOD2 activation, enhancing integrin activation and leading to a disorganized extracellular matrix, contributing to DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Endzhievskaya
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-San Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - John Y W Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Julia Yu-Yun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Keller L, Tardy C, Ligat L, Le Pennec S, Bery N, Koraïchi F, Chinestra P, David M, Gence R, Favre G, Cabantous S, Olichon A. Tripartite split-GFP assay to identify selective intracellular nanobody that suppresses GTPase RHOA subfamily downstream signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980539. [PMID: 36059552 PMCID: PMC9433928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies based on intracellular expression of artificial binding domains present several advantages over manipulating nucleic acid expression or the use of small molecule inhibitors. Intracellularly-functional nanobodies can be considered as promising macrodrugs to study key signaling pathways by interfering with protein-protein interactions. With the aim of studying the RAS-related small GTPase RHOA family, we previously isolated, from a synthetic phage display library, nanobodies selective towards the GTP-bound conformation of RHOA subfamily proteins that lack selectivity between the highly conserved RHOA-like and RAC subfamilies of GTPases. To identify RHOA/ROCK pathway inhibitory intracellular nanobodies, we implemented a stringent, subtractive phage display selection towards RHOA-GTP followed by a phenotypic screen based on F-actin fiber loss. Intracellular interaction and intracellular selectivity between RHOA and RAC1 proteins was demonstrated by adapting the sensitive intracellular protein-protein interaction reporter based on the tripartite split-GFP method. This strategy led us to identify a functional intracellular nanobody, hereafter named RH28, that does not cross-react with the close RAC subfamily and blocks/disrupts the RHOA/ROCK signaling pathway in several cell lines without further engineering or functionalization. We confirmed these results by showing, using SPR assays, the high specificity of the RH28 nanobody towards the GTP-bound conformation of RHOA subfamily GTPases. In the metastatic melanoma cell line WM266-4, RH28 expression triggered an elongated cellular phenotype associated with a loss of cellular contraction properties, demonstrating the efficient intracellular blocking of RHOA/B/C proteins downstream interactions without the need of manipulating endogenous gene expression. This work paves the way for future therapeutic strategies based on protein-protein interaction disruption with intracellular antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Tardy
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Le Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Plateau de Protéomique, Toulouse, France
| | - Soazig Le Pennec
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Faten Koraïchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Chinestra
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa David
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Gence
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Cabantous, ; Aurélien Olichon,
| | - Aurélien Olichon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Cabantous, ; Aurélien Olichon,
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Lou Y, Jiang Y, Liang Z, Liu B, Li T, Zhang D. Role of RhoC in cancer cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:527. [PMID: 34627249 PMCID: PMC8502390 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration is one of the five major behaviors of cells. Although RhoC-a classic member of the Rho gene family-was first identified in 1985, functional RhoC data have only been widely reported in recent years. Cell migration involves highly complex signaling mechanisms, in which RhoC plays an essential role. Cell migration regulated by RhoC-of which the most well-known function is its role in cancer metastasis-has been widely reported in breast, gastric, colon, bladder, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, and other cancers. Our review describes the role of RhoC in various types of cell migration. The classic two-dimensional cell migration cycle constitutes cell polarization, adhesion regulation, cell contraction and tail retraction, most of which are modulated by RhoC. In the three-dimensional cell migration model, amoeboid migration is the most classic and well-studied model. Here, RhoC modulates the formation of membrane vesicles by regulating myosin II, thereby affecting the rate and persistence of amoeba-like migration. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to describe the role of RhoC in all cell migration processes. We believe that understanding the detail of RhoC-regulated migration processes will help us better comprehend the mechanism of cancer metastasis. This will contribute to the study of anti-metastatic treatment approaches, aiding in the identification of new intervention targets for therapeutic or genetic transformational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Lou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingzhang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Morales X, Cortés-Domínguez I, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C. Modeling the Mechanobiology of Cancer Cell Migration Using 3D Biomimetic Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33673091 PMCID: PMC7930983 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how cancer cells migrate, and how this migration is affected by the mechanical and chemical composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to investigate and possibly interfere with the metastatic process, which is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. In this article we review the state of the art about the use of hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as artificial platforms to model the mechanobiology of cancer cell migration. We start by briefly reviewing the concept and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the materials commonly used to recreate the cancerous ECM. Then we summarize the most relevant knowledge about the mechanobiology of cancer cell migration that has been obtained using 3D hydrogel scaffolds, and relate those discoveries to what has been observed in the clinical management of solid tumors. Finally, we review some recent methodological developments, specifically the use of novel bioprinting techniques and microfluidics to create realistic hydrogel-based models of the cancer ECM, and some of their applications in the context of the study of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- IDISNA, Ciberonc and Solid Tumors and Biomarkers Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (X.M.); (I.C.-D.)
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5
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Steering cell behavior through mechanobiology in 3D: A regenerative medicine perspective. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120572. [PMID: 33285439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, translating mechanical signals into biological ones, greatly affects cellular behavior. Steering cellular behavior for cell-based regenerative medicine approaches requires a thorough understanding of the orchestrating molecular mechanisms, among which mechanotransducive ones are being more and more elucidated. Because of their wide use and highly mechanotransduction dependent differentiation, this review focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), while also briefly relating the discussed results to other cell types. While the mechanotransduction pathways are relatively well-studied in 2D, much remains unknown of the role and regulation of these pathways in 3D. Ultimately, cells need to be cultured in a 3D environment to create functional de novo tissue. In this review, we explore the literature on the roles of different material properties on cellular behavior and mechanobiology in 2D and 3D. For example, while stiffness plays a dominant role in 2D MSCs differentiation, it seems to be of subordinate importance in 3D MSCs differentiation, where matrix remodeling seems to be key. Also, the role and regulation of some of the main mechanotransduction players are discussed, focusing on MSCs. We have only just begun to fundamentally understand MSCs and other stem cells behavior in 3D and more fundamental research is required to advance biomaterials able to replicate the stem cell niche and control cell activity. This better understanding will contribute to smarter tissue engineering scaffold design and the advancement of regenerative medicine.
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6
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Wisdom KM, Adebowale K, Chang J, Lee JY, Nam S, Desai R, Rossen NS, Rafat M, West RB, Hodgson L, Chaudhuri O. Matrix mechanical plasticity regulates cancer cell migration through confining microenvironments. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4144. [PMID: 30297715 PMCID: PMC6175826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cancer cell migration have found two modes: one that is protease-independent, requiring micron-sized pores or channels for cells to squeeze through, and one that is protease-dependent, relevant for confining nanoporous matrices such as basement membranes (BMs). However, many extracellular matrices exhibit viscoelasticity and mechanical plasticity, irreversibly deforming in response to force, so that pore size may be malleable. Here we report the impact of matrix plasticity on migration. We develop nanoporous and BM ligand-presenting interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels in which plasticity could be modulated independent of stiffness. Strikingly, cells in high plasticity IPNs carry out protease-independent migration through the IPNs. Mechanistically, cells in high plasticity IPNs extend invadopodia protrusions to mechanically and plastically open up micron-sized channels and then migrate through them. These findings uncover a new mode of protease-independent migration, in which cells can migrate through confining matrix if it exhibits sufficient mechanical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Wisdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kolade Adebowale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sungmin Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rajiv Desai
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ninna Struck Rossen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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van Unen J, Botman D, Yin T, Wu YI, Hink MA, Gadella TWJ, Postma M, Goedhart J. The C-terminus of the oncoprotein TGAT is necessary for plasma membrane association and efficient RhoA-mediated signaling. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:6. [PMID: 29879899 PMCID: PMC5992656 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rho guanine exchange factors (RhoGEFs) control cellular processes such as migration, adhesion and proliferation. Alternative splicing of the RhoGEF Trio produces TGAT. The RhoGEF TGAT is an oncoprotein with constitutive RhoGEF activity. We investigated whether the subcellular location of TGAT is critical for its RhoGEF activity. Methods Since plasma membrane associated RhoGEFs are particularly effective at activating RhoA, plasma membrane localization of TGAT was examined. To this end, we developed a highly sensitive image analysis method to quantitatively measure plasma membrane association. The method requires a cytoplasmic marker and a plasma membrane marker, which are co-imaged with the tagged protein of interest. Linear unmixing is performed to determine the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic component in the fluorescence signal of protein of interest. Results The analysis revealed that wild-type TGAT is partially co-localized with the plasma membrane. Strikingly, cysteine TGAT-mutants lacking one or more putative palmitoylation sites in the C-tail, still showed membrane association. In contrast, a truncated variant, lacking the last 15 amino acids, TGATΔ15, lost membrane association. We show that membrane localization of TGAT was responsible for high RhoGEF activity by using a RhoA FRET-sensor and by determining F-actin levels. Mutants of TGAT that still maintained membrane association showed similar activity as wild-type TGAT. In contrast, the activity was abrogated for the cytoplasmic TGATΔ15 variant. Synthetic recruitment of TGATΔ15 to membranes confirmed that TGAT effectively activates RhoA at the plasma membrane. Conclusion Together, these results show that membrane association of TGAT is critical for its activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0155-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Unen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Botman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Yin
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032-6406, USA
| | - Y I Wu
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032-6406, USA
| | - M A Hink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Postma
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL, -1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Peretti AS, Dominguez D, Grimes MM, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER, Rivera MR, Wandinger-Ness A, Kusewitt DF, Hudson LG. The R-Enantiomer of Ketorolac Delays Mammary Tumor Development in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Polyoma Middle T Antigen (MMTV-PyMT) Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:515-524. [PMID: 29169987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies report improved breast cancer survival in women who receive ketorolac (Toradol) for postoperative pain relief compared with other analgesic agents. Ketorolac is a racemic drug. The S-enantiomer inhibits cyclooxygenases; R-ketorolac is a selective inhibitor of the small GTPases Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), which are signaling molecules up-regulated during breast cancer progression and metastasis. The goal of this study was to determine whether R-ketorolac altered breast cancer development in the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle T-antigen model. Mice were administered ketorolac orally at 1 mg/kg twice daily to approximate the typical human dose. Mammary glands were analyzed for tumor number and immunohistochemical markers of proliferation and differentiation. R-ketorolac treatment significantly reduced mammary epithelial proliferation, based on Ki67 staining, and suppressed tumor development. Proliferative mammary epithelium from R-ketorolac-treated mice displayed greater differentiation, based on significantly higher total E-cadherin and decreased keratin 5 staining than epithelium of placebo-treated mice. No differences were detected in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, β-catenin, or vimentin expression between placebo and R-ketorolac treatment groups. These findings indicate that R-ketorolac treatment slows tumor progression in an aggressive model of breast cancer. R-ketorolac may thus represent a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer prevention or treatment based on its pharmacologic activity as a Rac1 and Cdc42 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Peretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dayna Dominguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Martha M Grimes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie R Rivera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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9
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Song DG, Lee GH, Nam SH, Cheong JG, Jeong D, Lee SJ, Pan CH, Jung JW, Kim HJ, Ryu J, Kim JE, Kim S, Cho CY, Kang MK, Lee KM, Lee JW. TM4SF5 promotes metastatic behavior of cells in 3D extracellular matrix gels by reducing dependency on environmental cues. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83480-83494. [PMID: 29137358 PMCID: PMC5663530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and enhances migration in two-dimensional environments. Here, we investigated how TM4SF5 is involved in diverse pro-metastatic phenotypes in in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix gels. TM4SF5-positive cells aggressively formed invasive foci in 3D Matrigel, depending on TM4SF5-mediated signaling activity, cytoskeletal organization, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2-mediated extracellular remodeling, whereas TM4SF5-null cells did not. The TM4SF5-null cells did, however, form invasive foci in 3D Matrigel following inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase or addition of collagen I, suggesting that collagen I compensated for TM4SF5 expression. Similarly, TM4SF5-positive cells expressing vascular endothelial-cadherin formed network-like vasculogenic mimicry in 3D Matrigel and collagen I mixture gels, whereas TM4SF5-negative cells in the mixture gels displayed the network structures only upon further treatment with epidermal growth factor. The foci formation also required MMP2-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Co-cultures exhibited TM4SF5-positive or cancer-associated fibroblasts at the outward edges of TM4SF5-null cell clusters. Compared with TM4SF5-null cells, TM4SF5-positive cells in 3D collagen gels showed a more invasive outgrowth with dramatic invadopodia. These observations suggest that TM4SF5 plays roles in the promotion of diverse metastatic properties with fewer environmental requirements than TM4SF5-negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Geun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea.,Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, 25451 Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Doyoung Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shingyeong University, Gyeonggi-do, 18274, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, 25451 Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Yun Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
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10
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D'Angelo L, Myer NM, Myers KA. MCAK-mediated regulation of endothelial cell microtubule dynamics is mechanosensitive to myosin-II contractility. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1223-1237. [PMID: 28298485 PMCID: PMC5415018 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study indicates that MCAK contributes to the mechanosensing-mediated regulation of MT dynamics through a myosin-II–dependent mechanism that becomes uncoupled in response to 3D ECM engagement specifically within EC branches. Compliance and dimensionality mechanosensing, the processes by which cells sense the physical attributes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), are known to drive cell branching and shape change largely through a myosin-II–mediated reorganization of the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons. Subcellular regulation of MT dynamics is spatially controlled through a Rac1–Aurora-A kinase pathway that locally inhibits the MT depolymerizing activity of mitotic centromere–associated kinesin (MCAK), thereby promoting leading-edge MT growth and cell polarization. These results suggest that the regulation of MT growth dynamics is intimately linked to physical engagement of the cell with the ECM. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MCAK contributes to compliance and dimensionality mechanosensing-mediated regulation of MT growth dynamics through a myosin-II–dependent signaling pathway. We cultured endothelial cells (ECs) on collagen-coupled stiff or compliant polyacrylamide ECMs to examine the effects of MCAK expression on MT growth dynamics and EC branching morphology. Our results identify that MCAK promotes fast MT growth speeds in ECs cultured on compliant 2D ECMs but promotes slow MT growth speeds in ECs cultured on compliant 3D ECMs, and these effects are myosin-II dependent. Furthermore, we find that 3D ECM engagement uncouples MCAK-mediated regulation of MT growth persistence from myosin-II–mediated regulation of growth persistence specifically within EC branched protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D'Angelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nicole M Myer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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11
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) cell motility underlies essential processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and immune surveillance, and is involved in cancer progression. Although the cytoskeleton is a well-studied regulator of cell migration, most of what we know about its functions originates from studies conducted in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. This research established that the microtubule network mediates polarized trafficking and signaling that are crucial for cell shape and movement in 2D. In parallel, developments in light microscopy and 3D cell culture systems progressively allowed to investigate cytoskeletal functions in more physiologically relevant settings. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that microtubule involvement in cell morphogenesis and motility can differ in 2D and 3D environments. In this Commentary, we discuss these differences and their relevance for the understanding the role of microtubules in cell migration in vivo. We also provide an overview of microtubule functions that were shown to control cell shape and motility in 3D matrices and discuss how they can be investigated further by using physiologically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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12
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Bao H, Li F, Wang C, Wang N, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Wu J, Shi Y. Structural Basis for the Specific Recognition of RhoA by the Dual GTPase-activating Protein ARAP3. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16709-19. [PMID: 27311713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ARAP3 (Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 3) is unique for its dual specificity GAPs (GTPase-activating protein) activity for Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family member A) regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and a small GTPase Rap1-GTP and is involved in regulation of cell shape and adhesion. However, the molecular interface between the ARAP3-RhoGAP domain and RhoA is unknown, as is the substrates specificity of the RhoGAP domain. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the RhoGAP domain of ARAP3. The structure of the complex presented a clear interface between the RhoGAP domain and RhoA. By analyzing the crystal structure and in combination with in vitro GTPase activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, we identified the crucial residues affecting RhoGAP activity and substrates specificity among RhoA, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fudong Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chongyuan Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Na Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yajun Tang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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13
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Gan DK, Zhu X. Role of RhoA in occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1682-1687. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i11.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiologic process resulting from a variety of chronic liver injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or the formation of scar. The transdifferentiation from quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or portal fibroblasts (PFs) to activated myofibroblasts (MFBs) is a key step of producing extracellular matrix. RhoA can regulate the cell cytoskeleton and is involved in activating HSCs/PFs, thus having a significant fibrogenic effect. In this paper, we review the recent advances in understanding the role of RhoA in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.
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14
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Hoon JL, Tan MH, Koh CG. The Regulation of Cellular Responses to Mechanical Cues by Rho GTPases. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020017. [PMID: 27058559 PMCID: PMC4931666 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPases regulate many cellular signaling cascades that modulate cell motility, migration, morphology and cell division. A large body of work has now delineated the biochemical cues and pathways, which stimulate the GTPases and their downstream effectors. However, cells also respond exquisitely to biophysical and mechanical cues such as stiffness and topography of the extracellular matrix that profoundly influence cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. As these cellular responses are mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, an involvement of Rho GTPases in the transduction of such cues is not unexpected. In this review, we discuss an emerging role of Rho GTPase proteins in the regulation of the responses elicited by biophysical and mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling Hoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Mei Hua Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rho GTPases are master regulators of actomyosin structure and dynamics and play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes including cell morphology, gene transcription, cell cycle progression, and cell adhesion. Because aberrant Rho GTPase signaling activities are widely associated with human cancer, key components of Rho GTPase signaling pathways have attracted increasing interest as potential therapeutic targets. Similar to Ras, Rho GTPases themselves were, until recently, deemed "undruggable" because of structure-function considerations. Several approaches to interfere with Rho GTPase signaling have been explored and show promise as new ways for tackling cancer cells. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the recent progress in targeting the signaling activities of three prototypical Rho GTPases, that is, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. The authors describe the involvement of these Rho GTPases, their key regulators and effectors in cancer. Furthermore, the authors discuss the current approaches for rationally targeting aberrant Rho GTPases along their signaling cascades, upstream and downstream of Rho GTPases, and posttranslational modifications at a molecular level. EXPERT OPINION To date, while no clinically effective drugs targeting Rho GTPase signaling for cancer treatment are available, tool compounds and lead drugs that pharmacologically inhibit Rho GTPase pathways have shown promise. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting Rho GTPase signaling may add new treatment options for future precision cancer therapy, particularly in combination with other anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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