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El-Yazbi AF, Elrewiny MA, Habib HM, Eid AH, Elzahhar PA, Belal ASF. Thermogenic Modulation of Adipose Depots: A Perspective on Possible Therapeutic Intervention with Early Cardiorenal Complications of Metabolic Impairment. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:187-194. [PMID: 37567782 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity remain a major cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in the pharmacotherapy of metabolic disease, the available approaches do not prevent or slow the progression of complications. Moreover, a majority of patients present with significant vascular involvement at early stages of dysfunction prior to overt metabolic changes. The lack of disease-modifying therapies affects millions of patients globally, causing a massive economic burden due to these complications. Significantly, adipose tissue inflammation was implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Specifically, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) depots influence cardiovascular and renal structure and function. Accumulating evidence implicates localized PVAT/PRAT inflammation as the earliest response to metabolic impairment leading to cardiorenal dysfunction. Increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and function lead to PVAT/PRAT hypoxia and inflammation as well as vascular, cardiac, and renal dysfunction. As UCP1 function remains an undruggable target so far, modulation of the augmented UCP1-mediated PVAT/PRAT thermogenesis constitutes a lucrative target for drug development to mitigate early cardiorenal involvement. This can be achieved either by subtle targeted reduction in UCP-1 expression using innovative proteolysis activating chimeric molecules (PROTACs) or by supplementation with cyclocreatine phosphate, which augments the mitochondrial futile creatine cycling and thus decreases UCP1 activity, enhances the efficiency of oxygen use, and reduces hypoxia. Once developed, these molecules will be first-in-class therapeutic tools to directly interfere with and reverse the earliest pathology underlying cardiac, vascular, and renal dysfunction accompanying the early metabolic deterioration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their complications. Although mitochondrial alterations are common in metabolic impairment, it was only recently shown that the early stages of metabolic challenge involve inflammatory changes in select adipose depots associated with increased uncoupling protein 1 thermogenesis and hypoxia. Manipulating this mode of thermogenesis can help mitigate the early inflammation and the consequent cardiorenal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Mohamed A Elrewiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Hosam M Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gudiksen A, Qoqaj A, Ringholm S, Wojtaszewski J, Plomgaard P, Pilegaard H. Ameliorating effects of lifelong physical activity on healthy aging and mitochondrial function in human white adipose tissue. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1101-1111. [PMID: 34875059 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing old is patently among the most prominent risk factors for lifestyle related diseases and deterioration in physical performance. Aging in particular affects mitochondrial homeostasis and maintaining a well-functioning mitochondrial pool is imperative in order to avoid age-associated metabolic decline. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a key organ in energy balance and impaired mitochondrial function in adipocytes has been associated with increased low-grade inflammation, altered metabolism, excessive ROS production and an accelerated aging phenotype. Exercise training improves mitochondrial health but whether lifelong exercise training can sufficiently maintain WAT mitochondrial function is currently unknown. Therefore, to dissect the role and dose-dependence of lifelong exercise training on aging WAT metabolic parameters and mitochondrial function, young and older untrained, as well as moderately and highly exercise trained older male subjects were recruited and abdominal subcutaneous (s)WAT biopsies and venous blood samples were obtained to measure mitochondrial function and key metabolic factors in WAT and plasma. Mitochondrial intrinsic respiratory capacity was lower in sWAT from older than in young subjects. In spite of this, maximal mitochondrial respiration per wet weight, markers of oxidative capacity, and mitophagic capacity were increased in sWAT from lifelong highly exercise trained than all other groups. Furthermore, ROS emission was generally lower in sWAT from lifelong highly exercise trained than older untrained subjects. Taken together, aging reduces intrinsic mitochondrial respiration in human sWAT, but lifelong high volume exercise training increases oxidative capacity by increasing mitochondrial volume likely contributing to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albina Qoqaj
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trisolini L, Laera L, Favia M, Muscella A, Castegna A, Pesce V, Guerra L, De Grassi A, Volpicella M, Pierri CL. Differential Expression of ADP/ATP Carriers as a Biomarker of Metabolic Remodeling and Survival in Kidney Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 33396658 PMCID: PMC7824283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) are mitochondrial transport proteins playing a strategic role in maintaining the respiratory chain activity, fueling the cell with ATP, and also regulating mitochondrial apoptosis. To understand if AACs might represent a new molecular target for cancer treatment, we evaluated AAC expression levels in cancer/normal tissue pairs available on the Tissue Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), observing that AACs are dysregulated in most of the available samples. It was observed that at least two AACs showed a significant differential expression in all the available kidney cancer/normal tissue pairs. Thus, we investigated AAC expression in the corresponding kidney non-cancer (HK2)/cancer (RCC-Shaw and CaKi-1) cell lines, grown in complete medium or serum starvation, for investigating how metabolic alteration induced by different growth conditions might influence AAC expression and resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis initiators, such as "staurosporine" or the AAC highly selective inhibitor "carboxyatractyloside". Our analyses showed that AAC2 and AAC3 transcripts are more expressed than AAC1 in all the investigated kidney cell lines grown in complete medium, whereas serum starvation causes an increase of at least two AAC transcripts in kidney cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer cells. However, the total AAC protein content is decreased in the investigated cancer cell lines, above all in the serum-free medium. The observed decrease in AAC protein content might be responsible for the decrease of OXPHOS activity and for the observed lowered sensitivity to mitochondrial apoptosis induced by staurosporine or carboxyatractyloside. Notably, the cumulative probability of the survival of kidney cancer patients seriously decreases with the decrease of AAC1 expression in KIRC and KIRP tissues making AAC1 a possible new biomarker of metabolic remodeling and survival in kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trisolini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Yeo CR, Agrawal M, Hoon S, Shabbir A, Shrivastava MK, Huang S, Khoo CM, Chhay V, Yassin MS, Tai ES, Vidal-Puig A, Toh SA. SGBS cells as a model of human adipocyte browning: A comprehensive comparative study with primary human white subcutaneous adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4031. [PMID: 28642596 PMCID: PMC5481408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocyte cell strain is widely considered to be a representative in vitro model of human white pre-adipocytes. A recent study suggested that SGBS adipocytes exhibit an unexpected transient brown phenotype. Here, we comprehensively examined key differences between SGBS adipocytes and primary human white subcutaneous (PHWSC) adipocytes. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and metabolic pathways were the top two KEGG pathways significantly enriched in SGBS adipocytes, which included positively enriched mitochondrial respiration and oxidation pathways. Compared to PHWSC adipocytes, SGBS adipocytes showed not only greater induction of adipogenic gene expression during differentiation but also increased levels of UCP1 mRNA and protein expression. Functionally, SGBS adipocytes displayed higher ISO-induced basal leak respiration and overall oxygen consumption rate, along with increased triglyceride accumulation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In conclusion, we confirmed that SGBS adipocytes, which are considered of white adipose tissue origin can shift towards a brown/beige adipocyte phenotype. These differences indicate SGBS cells may help to identify mechanisms leading to browning, and inform our understanding for the use of SGBS vis-à-vis primary human subcutaneous adipocytes as a human white adipocyte model, guiding the selection of appropriate cell models in future metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Rou Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*Star, 138668, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 119074, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manu Kunaal Shrivastava
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanna Chhay
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Shabeer Yassin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore, Singapore.
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