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Tan YQ, Chiou YS, Guo H, Zhang S, Huang X, Dukanya D, Kumar AM, Basappa S, Liu S, Zhu T, Basappa B, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Vertical pathway inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and BAD with synergistic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:8. [PMID: 38200104 PMCID: PMC10781691 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis along with the sustained phosphorylation of downstream BAD is associated with a poor outcome of TNBC. Herein, the phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated ratio of BAD, an effector of PI3K/AKT promoting cell survival, was observed to be correlated with worse clinicopathologic indicators of outcome, including higher grade, higher proliferative index and lymph node metastasis. The structural optimization of a previously reported inhibitor of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation was therefore achieved to generate a small molecule inhibiting the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser99 with enhanced potency and improved oral bioavailability. The molecule 2-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)(pyridin-3-yl)methyl) phenol (NCK) displayed no toxicity at supra-therapeutic doses and was therefore assessed for utility in TNBC. NCK promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of TNBC cell lines in vitro, concordant with gene expression analyses, and reduced in vivo xenograft growth and metastatic burden, demonstrating efficacy as a single agent. Additionally, combinatorial oncology compound library screening demonstrated that NCK synergized with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), specifically OSI-930 or Crizotinib in reducing cell viability and promoting apoptosis of TNBC cells. The synergistic effects of NCK and TKIs were also observed in vivo with complete regression of a percentage of TNBC cell line derived xenografts and prevention of metastatic spread. In patient-derived TNBC xenograft models, NCK prolonged survival times of host animals, and in combination with TKIs generated superior survival outcomes to single agent treatment. Hence, this study provides proof of concept to further develop rational and mechanistic based therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the outcome of TNBC.
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Grants
- This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172618 to P.E.L. and 82102768 to Y.Q.T.), China; the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Oncotherapeutics (ZDSYS20200820165400003 to P.E.L.) (Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission), China; Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission Subject Construction Project ([2017]1434 to P.E.L.), China; Universities Stable Funding Key Projects (WDZC20200821150704001 to P.E.L.), China; Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515111064 to Y.Q.T.), China; The Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Oncotherapeutics (21310031 to P.E.L.), China; Overseas Research Cooperation Project (HW2020008 to V.P.) (Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School), China; Research Fund, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU-Q112002 to Y.C.), Taiwan and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721894 to X.H.), China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui Guo
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Arun M Kumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Jin X, Zhen Z, Wang Z, Gao X, Li M. GPRC6A is a key mediator of palmitic acid regulation of lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1747-1758. [PMID: 35979663 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) can promote lipid synthesis in the mammary gland via stimulating lipogenic gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we showed the dose-dependent effects of palmitic acid (PA) on lipid synthesis in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. BMECs were treated with PA (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM), and the 100 μM treatment had the best stimulatory effect on lipid synthesis and expression and maturation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in cells. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) almost totally blocked the stimulation of PA on SREBP-1c expression, whereas protein kinase Cα (PKCα) knockdown only partially decreased the stimulation of PA on SREBP-1c expression but abolished the stimulation of PA on its maturation. Knockdown of GPR120 did not change the stimulation of PA on the SREBP-1c signaling. G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) knockdown almost totally blocked the stimulation of FA on PI3K and PKCα phosphorylation as well as SREBP-1c expression and maturation. Furthermore, PA dose-dependently promoted GPRC6A expression and plasma membrane localization. Together, these above results reveal that GPRC6A is a key mediator of PA signaling to lipid synthesis in BMECs via the PI3K/PKCα-SREBP-1c pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Tan W, Wang G, Liu G, You D, Wei M, Jin X, Zhao W, Zheng M. The elevation of miR-185-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro via SREBP2 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1729-1742. [PMID: 35172278 PMCID: PMC8908921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SREBP2, a member of the SREBP family, is a primary regulator of lipid metabolism. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism-related genes. It was speculated in this study that miRNAs may be implicated in the regulation of lipid accumulation in macrophages by SREBP2 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS GSE34812, GSE132651 and GSE28829 datasets comprised of atherosclerosis samples were downloaded to explore the gene expression profiles related to the miRNAs and SREBP2, and miR-185-5p was predicted to be a target of SREBP2. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were adopted for functional classification of differentially expressed genes, and lipid metabolic process was an enriched pathway in atherosclerosis. Besides, the effects of SREBP2 on increasing lipid accumulation were investigated in vivo using miR-185-5p mimic/apoE-/- mice and miR-185-5p NC/apoE-/- mice. All mice fed with a HFD suffered from atherosclerosis. Moreover, the effects of miR-185-5p on atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice were analyzed. An in vitro assay was also performed to determine the effect of miR-185-5p on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, miR-185-5p mimic was transfected into cultured macrophages. The results showed that the miR-185-5p elevation might regulate lipid accumulation in mice by targeting SREBP2. Furthermore, miR-185-5p mimic repressed the activation of SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD-1, HMGCR as well as NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α in HFD fed mice or ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS our study demonstrated that miR-185-5p effectively alleviates atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation by regulating the miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daofeng You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lien CF, Chen SJ, Tsai MC, Lin CS. Potential Role of Protein Kinase C in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716332. [PMID: 34276388 PMCID: PMC8283198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that affects millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis. PKC activation is involved in several cellular responses such as the expression of various growth factors, activation of signaling pathways, and enhancement of oxidative stress in hyperglycemia. However, the role of PKC activation in pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic mechanisms remains controversial, especially under hyperglycemic condition. In this review, we discuss the role of different PKC isoforms in lipid regulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. These intracellular events are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. PKC deletion or treatment with PKC inhibitors has been studied in the regulation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and evolution. Furthermore, some preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that PKCβ and PKCδ are potential targets for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. The current review summarizes these multiple signaling pathways and cellular responses regulated by PKC activation and the potential therapeutic targets of PKC in diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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