1
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Chien HC, Wang YL, Tu YC, Tsui PF, Tsai MC. Activation of heme oxygenase-1 by laminar shear stress ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38591551 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction is critical in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. However, the roles of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-response protein, in hemodynamic force-generated shear stress and HG-induced metabolic stress remain unclear. This investigation examined the cellular effects and mechanisms of HO-1 under physiologically high shear stress (HSS) in HG-treated ECs and adjacent SMCs. We found that exposure of human aortic ECs to HSS significantly increased HO-1 expression; however, this upregulation appeared to be independent of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, a regulator of HO-1. Furthermore, HSS inhibited the expression of HG-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ECs. In an EC/SMC co-culture, compared with static conditions, subjecting ECs close to SMCs to HSS and HG significantly suppressed SMC proliferation while increasing the expression of physiological contractile phenotype markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin and serum response factor. Moreover, HSS and HG decreased the expression of vimentin, an atherogenic synthetic phenotypic marker, in SMCs. Transfecting ECs with HO-1-specific small interfering (si)RNA reversed HSS inhibition on HG-induced inflammation and ROS production in ECs. Similarly, reversed HSS inhibition on HG-induced proliferation and synthetic phenotype formation were observed in co-cultured SMCs. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying EC-SMC interplay during HG-induced metabolic stress. Strategies to promote HSS in the vessel wall, such as continuous exercise, or the development of HO-1 analogs and mimics of the HSS effect, could provide an effective approach for preventing and treating diabetes-related atherosclerotic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Chien
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Center of General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chin Tu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Tsai MC, Cho RL, Lin CS, Jheng YS, Lien CF, Chen CC, Tzeng BH. Ca v3.1 T-type calcium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 reduces atherosclerosis by increasing cholesterol efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116096. [PMID: 38423188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used as antihypertensive agents. While certain L-type CCBs exhibit antiatherogenic effects, the impact of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs on antiatherogenesis and lipid metabolism remains unexplored. NNC 55-0396 (NNC) is a highly selective blocker of T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1 channels). We investigated the effects of NNC on relevant molecules and molecular mechanisms in human THP-1 macrophages. Cholesterol efflux, an indicator of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) efficiency, was assessed using [3H]-labeled cholesterol. In vivo, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice, an atherosclerosis-prone model, underwent histochemical staining to analyze plaque burden. Treatment of THP-1 macrophages with NNC facilitated cholesterol efflux and reduced intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Pharmacological and genetic interventions demonstrated that NNC treatment or Cav3.1 knockdown significantly enhanced the protein expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) transcription factor. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NNC activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, leading to increased expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LXRα-without involving the microRNA pathway. LXRα isrequired for NNC-induced ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Administering NNC diminished atherosclerotic lesion area and lipid deposition in HCD-fed Ldlr-/- mice. NNC's anti-atherosclerotic effects, achieved through enhanced cholesterol efflux and inhibition of lipid accumulation, suggest a promising therapeutic approach for hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis. This research highlights the potential of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs in addressing cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Jheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hsiean Tzeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 220, Taiwan.
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3
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Chen CC, Ke CH, Wu CH, Lee HF, Chao Y, Tsai MC, Shyue SK, Chen SF. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibition reduces brain damage by suppressing neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Pathol 2024:e13244. [PMID: 38308041 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a complex sequence of apoptotic cascades and inflammatory responses, leading to neurological impairment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel with high calcium permeability, has been implicated in neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses. This study used a mouse ICH model and neuronal cultures to examine whether TRPV1 activation exacerbates brain damage and neurological deficits by promoting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase in both wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and TRPV1-/- mice. Capsaicin (CAP; a TRPV1 agonist) or capsazepine (a TRPV1 antagonist) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before ICH induction in WT mice. The effects of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 using CAP or capsazepine on motor deficits, histological damage, apoptotic responses, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and neuroinflammatory reactions were explored. The antiapoptotic mechanisms and calcium influx induced by TRPV1 inactivation were investigated in cultured hemin-stimulated neurons. TRPV1 expression was upregulated in the hemorrhagic brain, and TRPV1 was expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes after ICH. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly attenuated motor deficits and brain atrophy for up to 28 days. Deletion of TRPV1 also reduced brain damage, neurodegeneration, microglial activation, cytokine expression, and cell apoptosis at 1 day post-ICH. Similarly, the administration of CAP ameliorated brain damage, neurodegeneration, brain edema, BBB permeability, and cytokine expression at 1 day post-ICH. In primary neuronal cultures, pharmacological inactivation of TRPV1 by CAP attenuated neuronal vulnerability to hemin-induced injury, suppressed apoptosis, and preserved mitochondrial integrity in vitro. Mechanistically, CAP reduced hemin-stimulated calcium influx and prevented the phosphorylation of CaMKII in cultured neurons, which was associated with reduced activation of P38 and c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Our results suggest that TRPV1 inhibition may be a potential therapy for ICH by suppressing mitochondria-related neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Fu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chao
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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4
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Lien CF, Lin CS, Shyue SK, Hsieh PS, Chen SJ, Lin YT, Chien S, Tsai MC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ improves the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by regulating smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2085-2101. [PMID: 36942453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo phenotypic switching during sustained inflammation, contributing to an unfavourable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. PPARδ plays an important role in regulating SMC functions; however, its role in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability remains unclear. Here, we explored the pathological roles of PPARδ in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in severe atherosclerosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Plasma levels of PPARδ were measured in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable angina (SA). SMC contractile and synthetic phenotypic markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability were analysed for the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice, fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with or without the PPARδ agonist GW501516. In vitro, the role of PPARδ was elucidated using human aortic SMCs (HASMCs). KEY RESULTS Patients with ACS had significantly lower plasma PPARδ levels than those with SA. GW501516 reduced atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, a synthetic SMC phenotype, ER stress markers, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. ER stress suppressed PPARδ expression in HASMCs. PPARδ activation inhibited ER stress-induced synthetic phenotype development, ER stress-NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in HASMCs. PPARδ inhibited NFκB signalling and alleviated ER stress-induced SMC phenotypic switching. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Low plasma PPARδ levels may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PPARδ on SMC phenotypic switching and improvement the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tan Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Medicine, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Tsai MC, Wang SF, Gray NJ, Jourdan D. Occupational Health of Education Personnel-The Role of Job Crafting and Other Control Strategies on Healthy Ageing at Work. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15970. [PMID: 36498038 PMCID: PMC9740758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article looks at the strategies that influence healthy ageing at work from the motivational theory of life span development (MTD). It aims to better understand the influence of job crafting as a selective primary control, help-seeking as a compensatory primary control, positive reappraisal as a selective secondary control, and downward social comparison and downgrading expectation as a compensatory secondary control on healthy ageing at work (work engagement, health, and motivation to continue working after retirement). A total of 386 educational personnel participated in the study. This study used hierarchical regression analysis to test incremental validity, supplemented with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling as a solution to solve the potential error problems caused. The results show that job crafting is positively correlated with healthy ageing at work. Positive reappraisal and downward social comparison showed incremental validity in predicting healthy ageing at work beyond job crafting among the middle-aged group (45-65-years-old); in particular, positive reappraisal was the determinant of healthy ageing at work among the middle-aged group. However, both help-seeking and downgrading expectation did not show incremental validity. This study can contribute to the evolution of career development interventions and human resource management focused on supporting older people at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Feng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Nicola J. Gray
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Didier Jourdan
- ACTé EA 4281 Research Group, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Yu WS, Chang MH, Lee HL, Lee YT, Tsai MC, Wang CC. Recurrent umbilical varix rupture with hemoperitoneum: a case report and review of literature. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35365084 PMCID: PMC8973573 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-traumatic hemoperitoneum was a rare event with the risk of sudden death. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma is the most intuitive diagnosis when hemoperitoneum occurs in cirrhotic patients who are not regularly followed up. However, other etiologies of hemoperitoneum, such as intra-abdominal varix rupture, should be kept in mind.
Case presentation A 44-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, Child–Pugh B was sent to our emergency department (ED) because of recurrent abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. He had similar symptoms one month ago and was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rupture with hemoperitoneum, therefore he underwent trans-arterial embolization (TAE). However, the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed less possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed possible umbilical vein contrast agent extravasation. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of rupture umbilical varix with hemoperitoneum. Conclusion Although umbilical varix rupture is a rare cause of hemoperitoneum, it should be kept in mind in cirrhotic patients with unexplained hemoperitoneum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02167-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M H Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lee
- Infection Control, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M C Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C C Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Tsai HY, Hsu YJ, Lu CY, Tsai MC, Hung WC, Chen PC, Wang JC, Hsu LA, Yeh YH, Chu P, Tsai SH. Pharmacological Activation Of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Heatstroke-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740562. [PMID: 34764958 PMCID: PMC8576434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke (HS) can cause acute lung injury (ALI). Heat stress induces inflammation and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous reactive aldehydes. Endothelial dysfunction also plays a crucial role in HS-induced ALI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. A single point mutation in ALDH2 at E487K (ALDH2*2) intrinsically lowers the activity of ALDH2. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, attenuates the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts and ROS in several disease models. We hypothesized that ALDH2 can protect against heat stress-induced vascular inflammation and the accumulation of ROS and toxic aldehydes. Homozygous ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice on a C57BL/6J background and C57BL/6J mice were used for the animal experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro experiment. The mice were directly subjected to whole-body heating (WBH, 42°C) for 1 h at 80% relative humidity. Alda-1 (16 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally prior to WBH. The severity of ALI was assessed by analyzing the protein levels and cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry ratio and histology. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to HS-induced ALI in vivo. Silencing ALDH2 induced 4-HNE and ROS accumulation in HUVECs subjected to heat stress. Alda-1 attenuated the heat stress-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, senescence and apoptosis in HUVECs. The lung homogenates of mice pretreated with Alda-1 exhibited significantly elevated ALDH2 activity and decreased ROS accumulation after WBH. Alda-1 significantly decreased the WBH-induced accumulation of 4-HNE and p65 and p38 activation. Here, we demonstrated the crucial roles of ALDH2 in protecting against heat stress-induced ROS production and vascular inflammation and preserving the viability of ECs. The activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates WBH-induced ALI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Hung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pauling Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Rupf R, Tsai MC, Thomas SG, Klimstra M. Original article: Validity of measuring wheelchair kinematics using one inertial measurement unit during commonly used testing protocols in elite wheelchair court sports. J Biomech 2021; 127:110654. [PMID: 34385049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheelchair court sports can measure both continuous and discrete wheelchair kinematics using Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) during testing and games. A method involving three IMU (3IMU) shows good validity with motion capture systems, but the hardware cost and the need for multiple sensors may make it a barrier for implementation in a sport context. A method using only one wheel mounted IMU (1IMU) has been developed that may reduce this cost, but further validation is required. This study assessed the validity of 1IMU compared to 3IMU, across a variety of continuous and discrete measurements during common on-court testing protocols, using national team athletes. Subjects recruited from national Wheelchair Basketball and Wheelchair Rugby programs performed a series of sprint, agility, and pivot testing protocols. Continuous wheel speed, frame rotation, and wheelchair speed data as well as a number of important discrete metrics including peak linear and rotational speeds, were compared between 3IMU and 1IMU. Low error (RMSE < 0.15 m s-1) and high linearity (R2 > 0.99) were seen in continuous measurements for wheel speed. Similar observations were made for frame rotational speed (RMSE < 11° s-1 and R2 < 0.97) during continuous measurements. Good to excellent intraclass correlations (ICC) were observed for peak linear speeds (ICC > 0.86) and frame rotational speeds (ICC > 0.94). Overall, 1IMU offers a lower cost solution that provides valid information for pertinent outcomes in wheelchair sports to use in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rupf
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Graduate Department of Kinesiology, Canada.
| | - M C Tsai
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada
| | - S G Thomas
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Canada
| | - M Klimstra
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada; University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada
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9
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Lien CF, Chen SJ, Tsai MC, Lin CS. Potential Role of Protein Kinase C in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716332. [PMID: 34276388 PMCID: PMC8283198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that affects millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis. PKC activation is involved in several cellular responses such as the expression of various growth factors, activation of signaling pathways, and enhancement of oxidative stress in hyperglycemia. However, the role of PKC activation in pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic mechanisms remains controversial, especially under hyperglycemic condition. In this review, we discuss the role of different PKC isoforms in lipid regulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. These intracellular events are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. PKC deletion or treatment with PKC inhibitors has been studied in the regulation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and evolution. Furthermore, some preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that PKCβ and PKCδ are potential targets for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. The current review summarizes these multiple signaling pathways and cellular responses regulated by PKC activation and the potential therapeutic targets of PKC in diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Tsui PF, Chern CY, Lien CF, Lin FY, Tsai CS, Tsai MC, Lin CS. An octimibate derivative, Oxa17, enhances cholesterol efflux and exerts anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects in experimental atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114581. [PMID: 33895158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), associated with vascular inflammation and lipid dysregulation, are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates globally. For ASCVD treatment, cholesterol efflux plays an atheroprotective role in ameliorating inflammation and lipid dysregulation. To develop a multidisciplinary agent for promoting cholesterol efflux, octimibate derivatives were screened and investigated for the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Western blotting and qPCR analysis were conducted to determine the molecular mechanism associated with ABCA1 expression in THP-1 macrophages; results revealed that Oxa17, an octimibate derivative, enhanced ABCA1 expression through liver X receptors alpha (LXRα) activation but not through the microRNA pathway. We also investigated the role of Oxa17 in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice used as an in vivo atherosclerosis-prone model. In ldlr-/- mice, Oxa17 increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced plaque formation in the aorta. Plaque stability improved via reduction of macrophage accumulation and via narrowing of the necrotic core size under Oxa17 treatment. Our study demonstrates that Oxa17 is a novel and potential agent for ASCVD treatment with atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Fen Tsui
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Research Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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11
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Huang SC, Kao YH, Shih SF, Tsai MC, Lin CS, Chen LW, Chuang YP, Tsui PF, Ho LJ, Lai JH, Chen SJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exhibits immunomodulatory effects in human primary T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:70-76. [PMID: 33689882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells secrete several inflammatory cytokines that play a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Although green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects in animals, few studies have identified the mechanism underlying these effects in human primary T cells. This study investigated the pathway involved in EGCG modulation of cytokine secretion in activated human primary T cells. We pre-treated human primary T cells with EGCG (0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μM) for 4 h and incubated them with or without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin (P/I) for 20 h. The cytokine production, activator protein (AP)-1 binding activity, and level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and Western blotting, respectively. At 10 and 20 μM, EGCG decreased interleukin (IL)-2 levels by 26.0% and 38.8%, IL-4 levels by 41.5% and 55.9%, INF-γ levels by 31.3% and 34.7%, and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels by 23.0% and 37.6%, respectively. In addition, the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal (p-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was decreased, but not the level of p-p38 MAPK. EGCG did not alter any of the total protein amounts, suggesting a selective effect on specific types of MAPKs in stimulated human T cells. EGCG tended to inactivate AP-1 DNA-binding activity. The P/I-induced production of IL-2, IL-4, INF-γ, and TNF-α by human T cells was suppressed by AP-1 inhibitor in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, EGCG suppressed cytokine secretion in activated human primary T cells, and this effect was likely mediated by AP-1 inactivation through the ERK and JNK, but not p38 MAPK, pathways. These results may be related to the mechanisms through which EGCG inhibits immune- or inflammation-related atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Fu Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Liv Weichien Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Wang YL, Chen CT, Tung CS, Tsai MC. Laminar shear stress upregulates the expression of PPARs in vascular endothelial cells under high free fatty acid-induced stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:438. [PMID: 33747175 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress has been reported to result in various metabolic effects in endothelial cells (ECs), which in turn contribute to the regulation of their vascular functions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism and have been implicated in metabolic disorders. The present study assessed the effects of laminar shear stress on the expression of PPARs in ECs in the presence of high concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs). Human aortic ECs (HAECs) were treated with a high concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) and exposed to high shear stress (HSS) or low shear stress (LSS). Western blotting and ELISA were performed to quantify protein expression and assess prostacyclin production. The results revealed that long-term application of HSS to PA-treated HAECs induced PPAR-α, -δ and -γ protein expression. Additionally, LSS induced higher levels of PPAR-α protein expression in PA-treated HAECs compared with those after HSS. HAECs exposed to HSS also released prostacyclin (PGI2). However, HAECs treated with high concentrations of PA also produced high levels of PGI2 in the perfusion media in response to HSS compared with the static PA group. HSS also reduced the static PA-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The results demonstrated that HAECs increases the expression of all three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms in response to shear metabolic stress at high FFA concentrations. The present study may provide preliminary insights into the potential roles of PPARs as an effective treatment method against metabolic disturbances that can result in EC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Wang
- Center of General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Te Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Se Tung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
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13
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Liu WT, Lin C, Tsai MC, Cheng CC, Chen SJ, Liou JT, Lin WS, Cheng SM, Lin CS, Tsao TP. Effects of Pitavastatin, Atorvastatin, and Rosuvastatin on the Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110499. [PMID: 33202854 PMCID: PMC7696728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins constitute the mainstay treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is associated with the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). However, the effects of individual statins on the risk of NODM remain unclear. We recruited 48,941 patients taking one of the three interested statins in a tertiary hospital between 2006 and 2018. Among them, 8337 non-diabetic patients taking moderate-intensity statins (2 mg/day pitavastatin, 10 mg/day atorvastatin, and 10 mg/day rosuvastatin) were included. The pitavastatin group had a higher probability of being NODM-free than the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups during the 4-year follow-up (log-rank test: p = 0.038). A subgroup analysis revealed that rosuvastatin had a significantly higher risk of NODM than pitavastatin among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.05, p = 0.025), hypertension (aHR, 1.26, 95% CI, 1.00–1.59, p = 0.047), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (aHR, 1.74, 95% CI, 1.02–2.94, p = 0.04). We concluded that compared with rosuvastatin, reduced diabetogenic effects of pitavastatin were observed among patients treated with moderate-intensity statin who had hypertension, COPD, or CAD. Additional studies are required to prove the effects of different statins on the risk of NODM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chin Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ting Liou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Wei-Shiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-S.L.); (T.-P.T.); Tel.: +886-2-6601-2656 (C.-S.L.); +886-2-2826-4400 (T.-P.T.)
| | - Tien-Ping Tsao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.-T.L.); (W.-S.L.); (S.-M.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.L.); (T.-P.T.); Tel.: +886-2-6601-2656 (C.-S.L.); +886-2-2826-4400 (T.-P.T.)
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14
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Chen LW, Tsai MC, Chern CY, Tsao TP, Lin FY, Chen SJ, Tsui PF, Liu YW, Lu HJ, Wu WL, Lin WS, Tsai CS, Lin CS. A chalcone derivative, 1m-6, exhibits atheroprotective effects by increasing cholesterol efflux and reducing inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5375-5392. [PMID: 32579243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis, resulting from lipid dysregulation and vascular inflammation, causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chalcone and its derivatives possess beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour activity with unknown cardioprotective effects. We aimed to develop an effective chalcone derivative with antiatherogenic potential. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human THP-1 cells and HUVECs were used as in vitro models. Western blots and real-time PCRs were performed to quantify protein, mRNA and miRNA expressions. The cholesterol efflux capacity was assayed by 3 H labelling of cholesterol. LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/- ) mice fed a high-fat diet were used as an in vivo atherogenesis model. Haematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining were used to analyse plaque formation. KEY RESULTS Using ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression we identified the chalcone derivative, 1m-6, which enhances ABCA1 expression and promotes cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, 1m-6 stabilizes ABCA1 mRNA and suppresses the expression of potential ABCA1-regulating miRNAs through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signalling. Additionally, 1m-6 significantly inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), plus production of proinflammatory cytokines via inhibition of JAK/STAT3 activation and the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling in HUVECs. In atherosclerosis-prone mice, 1m-6 significantly reduces lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study demonstrates that 1m-6 produces promising atheroprotective effects by enhancing cholesterol efflux and suppressing inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction, which opens a new avenue for treating ASCVD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Weichien Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ping Tsao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Jui Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei-Shiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Chou YL, Liou JT, Cheng CC, Tsai MC, Lin WS, Cheng SM, Lin CL, Lin CS, Kao CH. The association of ischaemic stroke in patients with heart failure without atrial flutter/fibrillation. Heart 2019; 106:616-623. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study evaluated the association between ischaemic stroke (IS) and heart failure (HF) in the absence of atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) using a population-based nation-wide cohort database.MethodNewly diagnosed patients with HF without previous stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled. Based on the propensity scores matching age, sex and all comorbidities, our studies comprised 12 179 patients with HF and 12 179 patients without HF. Cox proportion hazard regression models and competing-risk regression models were used to evaluate the risk of IS among patients with HF without AF or AFL.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, older age (adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.05 (1.04 to 1.05)), male sex (adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.36 (1.24 to 1.50)), diabetes (adjusted HR (95% CI)=2.22 (1.97 to 2.49)) and hypertension (adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.60 (1.41 to 1.82)) were markedly associated with IS in patients with HF. The HF group had a markedly higher risk of IS than did the non-HF group (subdistribution HR (SHR)=1.51, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.66) and AMI (SHR=3.40, 95% CI: 2.71 to 4.28). Additionally, according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with HF were at a significantly higher risk of cumulative incidence of IS and AMI than did patients with non-HF (p value of log-rank test <0.001).ConclusionThis study indicated that HF is a strong independent risk factor for IS, even in the absence of AF or AFL. Clinical physicians should investigate IS through routine screening and careful monitoring of patients with HF.
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16
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Lin YC, Liao YJ, Lee YH, Tseng SF, Liu JY, Chen YS, Shui HA, Lin FZ, Lin KH, Chen YC, Tsai MC, Sytwu HK, Wang CC, Chuang YP. Staphylococcal phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C potentiates lung injury via complement sensitisation. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13085. [PMID: 31290210 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is associated with staphylococcal phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC); however, the role of PI-PLC in the pathogenesis and progression of ARDS remains unknown. Here, we showed that recombinant staphylococcal PI-PLC possesses enzyme activity that causes shedding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD55 and CD59 from human umbilical vein endothelial cell surfaces and triggers cell lysis via complement activity. Intranasal infection with PI-PLC-positive S. aureus resulted in greater neutrophil infiltration and increased pulmonary oedema compared with a plc-isogenic mutant. Although indistinguishable proinflammatory genes were induced, the wild-type strain activated higher levels of C5a in lung tissue accompanied by elevated albumin instillation and increased lactate dehydrogenase release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with the plc- mutant. Following treatment with cobra venom factor to deplete complement, the wild-type strain with PI-PLC showed a reduced ability to trigger pulmonary permeability and tissue damage. PI-PLC-positive S. aureus induced the formation of membrane attack complex, mainly on type II pneumocytes, and reduced the level of CD55/CD59, indicating the importance of complement regulation in pulmonary injury. In conclusion, S. aureus PI-PLC sensitised tissue to complement activation leading to more severe tissue damage, increased pulmonary oedema, and ARDS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Liao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jah-Yao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ai Shui
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Zhi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsuan Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Lin CS, Hsieh PS, Hwang LL, Lee YH, Tsai SH, Tu YC, Hung YW, Liu CC, Chuang YP, Liao MT, Chien S, Tsai MC. The CCL5/CCR5 Axis Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Atherogenic Phenotype Switching. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 47:707-720. [DOI: 10.1159/000490024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Hyperlipidemia induces dysfunction in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the blood vessels, and the vascular remodeling that ensues is a key proatherogenic factor contributing to cardiovascular events. Chemokines and chemokine receptors play crucial roles in vascular remodeling. Here, we examined whether the hyperlipidemia-derived chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 influence vascular SMC proliferation, phenotypic switching, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thoracoabdominal aorta were isolated from wild-type, CCL5 and CCR5 double-knockout mice (CCL5–/–CCR5–/–) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Expression of the contractile, synthetic, and proliferation markers were assayed using immunohistochemical and western blotting. The effects of CCL5 and palmitic acid on cultured SMC proliferation and phenotypic modulation were evaluated using flow cytometry, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and western blotting. Results: Wild-type mice fed an HFD showed markedly increased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and CCL5 serum levels, as well as significantly increased CCL5 and CCR5 expression in the thoracoabdominal aorta vs. normal-diet-fed controls. HFD-fed CCL5-/-CCR5-/- mice showed significantly decreased expression of the synthetic phenotype marker osteopontin and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and increased expression of the contractile phenotype marker smooth muscle α-actin in the thoracoabdominal aorta vs. wild-type HFD-fed mice. Human aorta-derived SMCs stimulated with palmitic acid showed significantly increased expression of CCL5, CCR5, and synthetic phenotype markers, as well as increased proliferation. CCL5-treated SMCs showed increased cell cycle regulatory protein expression, paralleling increased synthetic and decreased contractile phenotype marker expression. Inhibition of CCR5 activity by the specific antagonist maraviroc or its expression using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited human aortic SMC proliferation and synthetic phenotype formation. Therefore, CCL5 induces SMC proliferation and phenotypic switching from a contractile to synthetic phenotype via CCR5. CCL5-mediated SMC stimulation activated ERK1/2, Akt/p70S6K, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. NF-κB inhibition significantly reduced CCR5 expression along with CCR5-induced SMC proliferation and synthetic phenotype formation. Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia-induced CCL5/CCR5 axis activation serves as a pivotal mediator of vascular remodeling, indicating that CCL5 and CCR5 are key chemokine-related factors in atherogenesis. SMC proliferation and synthetic phenotype transformation attenuation by CCR5 pharmacological inhibition may offer a new approach to treatment or prevention of atherosclerotic diseases associated with hyperlipidemia.
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18
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Tsao TP, Liu WC, Tsai MC, Cheng CC, Chen SJ, Huang HB, Liou JT, Lin WS, Cheng SM, Yang SP. The effects of dextromethorphan on the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention with bare-metal stent implantation. J Med Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_145_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Lin YK, Cheng CC, Tsai MC, Wu PY, Chen YA, Chen YC, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction on sinoatrial node and pulmonary vein electrophysiological activities. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2486-2492. [PMID: 28565869 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction increases arrhythmogenesis of pulmonary veins (PVs), which is the most important trigger of AF; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction differentially regulates electrical activity of SANs and PVs. In the present study, conventional microelectrodes were used to record the action potentials (APs) in isolated rabbit PVs, SANs, left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) before and after application of trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP; a mitochondrial uncoupling agent) at 10, 100 and 300 nM. FCCP application at 100 and 300 nM decreased spontaneous rates in PVs and in SANs at 10, 100 and 300 nM. FCCP shortened the 20, 50 and 90% AP durations in the LA, and shortened only the 20% AP duration in the RA. FCCP caused a greater rate reduction in SANs than in PVs; however, in the presence of coenzyme-Q10 (10 µM), FCCP reduced the beating rate in PVs and SANs to a similar extent. In SAN-PV preparations with intact electrical connections, FCCP (100 nM) application shifted the SAN-PV electrical conduction into PV-SAN conduction in 5 (62.5%) of 8 preparations. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction modulates PV and SAN electrical activities, which may contribute to atrial arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Chuan Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ann Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospitals, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Tsai MC, Candy G, Costello MA, Grieve AD, Brand M. Do iatrogenic serosal injuries result in small bowel perforation in a rabbit model? S AFR J SURG 2017; 55:18-22. [PMID: 28876619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical dogma dictates that serosal injuries should be repaired during laparotomy as these injuries may result in localised areas of bowel ischaemia and may perforate. No study has investigated whether there is a correlation between the extent of serosal injuries and the risk for perforation under normal physiological conditions. We hypothesized that small bowel serosal injuries do not result in early or late perforation at physiological intraluminal pressures regardless of their size. METHOD An in-vivo rabbit small bowel serosal injury model was developed and two experiments were conducted. The first - to determine whether and at which pressures various lengths and circumferences of serosal injuries in small bowel result in immediate bowel perforation - was performed infusing saline into isolated bowel segments with or without a variety of serosal injuries. In the second study - to determine whether or not serosal injuries result in delayed perforation - a range of injuries was created in rabbits and the effect assessed at re-laparotomy 5 days after the creation of the injury. RESULTS No perforations were observed at the site of serosal injuries at physiological intraluminal pressures. Perforations occurred at 43.7+ 18.6 cmH₂O, 23.3+ 14.4 cmH₂O, and 24.4+ 23.9 cmH₂O for controls, 4 cm long and 100% circumference serosal injuries respectively (p-value = 0.18 for various lengths and 0.71 for various circumferences). No serosal injuries perforated within 72 or 120 hours after creation. CONCLUSION Small bowel serosal injuries do not perforate or leak at physiological intraluminal pressures, either at the time of creation or up to 120 hours thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tsai
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand. 9th Floor, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - G Candy
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand. 9th Floor, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - M A Costello
- Central Animal Services Unit, University of the Witwatersrand. 1st Floor, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - A D Grieve
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand. 9th Floor, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - M Brand
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand. 9th Floor, Faculty of Health Sciences
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21
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Chen SJ, Kao YH, Jing L, Chuang YP, Wu WL, Liu ST, Huang SM, Lai JH, Ho LJ, Tsai MC, Lin CS. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Reduces Scavenger Receptor A Expression and Foam Cell Formation in Human Macrophages. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3141-3150. [PMID: 28367625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Foam cells are formed when macrophages imbibe low-density lipoprotein (LDL) through scavenger receptors. Here we examined how epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) influences foam cell formation. We found that EGCG dose-dependently reduced oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake in THP-1 (10 μM, 20.0 ± 0.50, p < 0.05) and primary macrophages (134.6 ± 15.6, p < 0.05) and reduced intracellular cholesterol content in these cells, respectively (10 μM, 32.6 ± 0.14, p < 0.05; 31.7 ± 1.26, p < 0.05). EGCG treatment decreased scavenger receptor A expression, but not the expression of CD36 or of reverse cholesterol transporters. Moreover, EGCG stimulated translocation of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB and enhanced NF-κB DNA-binding activity, thus suppressing SR-A promoter activity. EGCG's suppression of SR-A expression was blocked by the NF-κB inhibitor Bay. The present findings suggest that EGCG regulates NF-κB activity and thus suppresses SR-A expression, oxLDL uptake, and foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University , Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System , Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California, United States
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute , Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Lee YH, Tsai MC, Li TL, Dai YWE, Huang SC, Hwang LL. Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons in the hypothalamus and enhanced orexinergic input and orexin 2 receptor-associated nitric oxide signalling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:993-1007. [PMID: 26096870 DOI: 10.1113/ep085016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Our previous study demonstrates that elevated orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) activity within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and a lower OX2R protein level was detected in their RVLM. The present study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying elevated orexinergic activity in the RVLM of SHRs, compared with their normotensive counterparts, Wistar-Kyoto rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Increased orexinergic input into the RVLM and enhanced OX2R responsiveness in the RVLM, which was mainly mediated by augmented OX2R-neuronal nitric oxide synthase signalling, may underlie the elevated OX2R activity within the RVLM of SHRs. Our previous study showed that elevated orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) activity within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Herein, we investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the elevated OX2R activity. The following results were found. (i) More hypothalamic orexin A-immunoreactive (OXA-IR) cells existed in SHRs than in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at either 4 (2217 ± 43 versus 1809 ± 69) or 16 weeks of age (1829 ± 59 versus 1230 ± 84). The number of OXA-IR cells that project to the RVLM was higher in 16-week-old SHRs than in WKY rats (91 ± 11 versus 52 ± 11). (ii) Higher numbers of OXA-IR and RVLM-projecting OXA-IR cells were found in the dorsomedial and perifornical hypothalamus of 16-week-old SHRs. (iii) Spontaneously hypertensive rats had higher levels of orexin A and B in the hypothalamus and higher levels of orexin A in the RVLM than did WKY rats. (iv) Unilateral intra-RVLM application of OX2R agonist, orexin A or [Ala(11), d-Leu(15)]-orexin B (50 pmol) induced a larger pressor response in SHRs than in WKY rats. (v) Intra-RVLM pretreatment with a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 7-nitro-indazole (2.5 pmol), or a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (250 pmol), reduced the intra-RVLM [Ala(11), d-Leu(15) ]-orexin B-induced pressor response in both WKY rats and SHRs. In contrast, an inducible NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100 pmol), was ineffective. (vi) Neuronal NOS was co-expressed with OX2R in RVLM neurons. In conclusion, increased orexinergic input and enhanced OX2R-neuronal NOS signalling may underlie elevated OX2R activity in the RVLM and contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen E Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Chung SD, Ho JD, Chen CH, Lin HC, Tsai MC, Sheu JJ. Dementia is associated with open-angle glaucoma: a population-based study. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1340-6. [PMID: 26160529 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous epidemiologic studies that focused on the association between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and dementia showed inconsistent results. In the present study, we explored the association between OAG and dementia in an ethnic Chinese (i.e., Taiwanese) population using a population-based data set. METHODS We retrieved data on study subjects for this case-control study from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. We identified 7770 patients who had a diagnosis of dementia as cases, and 7770 subjects matched in terms of sex and age, which were randomly extracted as controls. A conditional logistic regression conditioned on age group, sex, and index year was used to assess the association of dementia with previously diagnosed OAG among the sampled patients. RESULTS Of 15,540 patients, 1.70% had prior OAG, including 2.02% of the dementia group and 1.38% of the controls. After adjusting for patient socioeconomic characteristics and comorbid medical disorders, dementia patients were more likely to have had prior OAG than controls (odds ratio (OR): 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.85; P<0.01). In addition, female dementia patients were more likely to have had prior OAG than controls (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.35-2.77; P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference in prior OAG between male dementia patients and controls was found. CONCLUSIONS Female dementia patients were associated with a higher proportion of prior OAG than were the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-D Chung
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban Ciao, Taipei, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J D Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Medicine, Nursing, and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H C Lin
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M C Tsai
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J J Sheu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Chen YC, Wen ZH, Lee YH, Chen CL, Hung HC, Chen CH, Chen WF, Tsai MC. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells through inhibition of the cell cycle. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2390-406. [PMID: 25898413 PMCID: PMC4413217 DOI: 10.3390/md13042390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol is the synthetic precursor of austrasulfone, which is a marine natural product, isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella australis. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor and anti-atherogenic properties. Although dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol has been shown to inhibit neointima formation, its effect on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has not been elucidated. We examined the effects and the mechanisms of action of dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol on proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol significantly inhibited proliferation, DNA synthesis and migration of HASMCs, without inducing cell death. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. In addition, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), whereas it had no effect on the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/(Akt). Moreover, treatment with PD98059, a highly selective ERK inhibitor, blocked PDGF-induced upregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and downregulation of p27kip1. Furthermore, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol also inhibits VSMC synthetic phenotype formation induced by PDGF. For in vivo studies, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation in a rat model of restenosis induced by balloon injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol noticeably decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and altered VSMC phenotype from a synthetic to contractile state. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the vasoprotective actions of dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol and suggest that it may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular occlusive disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta/cytology
- Butanones/administration & dosage
- Butanones/pharmacology
- Butanones/therapeutic use
- Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Carotid Artery Injuries/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Injuries/immunology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/immunology
- Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sulfones/administration & dosage
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Sulfones/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11042, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Lun Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Chun Hung
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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Wei SY, Lin TE, Wang WL, Lee PL, Tsai MC, Chiu JJ. Protein kinase C-δ and -β coordinate flow-induced directionality and deformation of migratory human blood T-lymphocytes. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:458-72. [PMID: 25548371 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocyte migration under flow is critical for immune responses, but the mechanisms by which flow modulates the migratory behaviors of T-lymphocytes remain unclear. Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBTLs), when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), stretched their cell bodies dramatically and moved along the flow direction. In contrast, stromal cell-derived factor-1α-stimulated PBTLs deformed and migrated in a random manner. Here we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying flow-induced directionality and deformation of PMA-stimulated PBTLs. PMA primed PBTLs for polarization under flow, with protein kinase C (PKC)-δ enriched in the leading edge, PKC-βI in the microtubule organizing center, and PKC-βII in the uropod and peripheral region. PKC-δ regulated cell protrusions in the leading edge through Tiam1/Rac1/calmodulin, whereas PKC-β regulated RhoA/Rho-associated kinase activity and microtubule stability to modulate uropod contractility and detachment. Our findings indicate that PKC-δ and -β coordinate in the cell leading edge and uropod, respectively, to modulate the directionality and deformability of migratory T-lymphocytes under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Wei
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, 'National' Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - Ting-Er Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, 'National' Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, 'National' Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - Pei-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, 'National' Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 'National' Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, 'National' Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 'National' Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 'National' Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701
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26
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Chen FL, Chen PY, Tung TH, Huang YC, Tsai MC. The role of betel-quid chewing in smoking cessation among workers in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:755. [PMID: 25065303 PMCID: PMC4131024 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current smokers exhibit a higher rate of betel-quid chewing than non-smokers. However, little is known regarding the extent to which betel-quid chewing may affect attempts to quit smoking and smoking cessation. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between betel-quid chewing and patterns of quitting smoking. Specifically, we explore whether betel-quid chewing is associated with (1) current smokers who have never attempted to quit versus those who have attempted to quit and have failed, those who are in the process of quitting, and successful cessation smokers, and (2) current smokers who have attempted to quit and have failed versus those who have successfully quit smoking. METHODS A telephone survey of 7,215 workers was conducted and obtained an 88.6% response rate. In the survey, the respondents' smoking and betel-quid chewing statuses were recorded and a list of covariates was assessed. RESULTS After controlling for the effect of the covariates, betel-quid chewing was found to be more highly associated with current smokers who have never attempted to quit, compared to current smokers who are in the process of quitting (OR = 12.72; 95% CI = 1.05-154.26), successful cessation smokers (OR = 3.62; 95% CI = 2.32-5.65), and smokers who have attempted to quit and have failed (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.06-1.77), respectively. In addition, betel-quid chewing is more highly associated with a failure to quit smoking than with successfully quitting smoking (OR = 3.46; 95% CI = 2.17-5.51). CONCLUSION The findings support four plausible reasons why betel-quid chewing may dissuade smokers from quitting. These reasons highlight additional avenues for potentially reducing the smoking population in workplaces, such as considering work contexts and social norms, and product sales in smoking-cessation campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Chen
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Peter Y Chen
- />Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
- />Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Fu LS, Tsai JJ, Chen YJ, Lin HK, Tsai MC, Chang MDT. Heparin protects BALB/c mice from mite-induced airway allergic inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:349-59. [PMID: 23755750 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin. However, in the aspect of allergic airway inflammation, data about its daily use in animal model is scarce. To evaluate the efficacy of 22-day intranasal heparin administration in mite-induced airway allergic inflammation in BALB/c mice, the murine model of house dust-mite allergen-induced asthma was used to assess the effect of heparin (h) and low molecular weight heparin (l mwh) administered intra-nasally (IN) throughout the full study period (22 days). Effects were monitored by histopathology, cell counts in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), local cytokine production, serum, specific antibody levels, and airway resistance measurements. Compared to the positive control group, both hIN and lmwhIN groups had lower peri-bronchiolar/alveolar inflammatory pathology score and lower goblet cell scores (p less than 0.01); lower eosinophil and neutrophil counts in BALF (p less than 0.0001); and lower cytokine levels including IL-17A/F, IL-5, IL-13, IL-8 and eotaxin in lung tissue (p less than 0.001). Serum Der p-specific IgE level was also lower in heparin-treated groups (p less than 0.004). The two heparin-treated groups also revealed lower value of Penh after Mch stimulation. In conclusion, heparin and lmw heparin decrease serum Der p-specific IgE level and possess anti-inflammatory effects on mite-induced airway allergic inflammation model in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Fu
- Pediatric Department, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a technique for endoscopy-assisted percutaneous repair of acute Achilles tendon tears. METHODS Nineteen patients with acute Achilles tendon tears were prospectively recruited into the study. All patients (18 male, 1 female) had sports-related injuries. Preoperative diagnosis was made from patient history, physical examination, and sonography. The average patient age was 38.7 years, and follow-up averaged 24 months. All patients received endoscopy-assisted percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with modified Bunnell sutures passed by bird beak and No. 5 Ethibond under direct visualization using 4.0-mm arthroscopy. Results were evaluated by physical examination, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS All 19 patients achieved tendon healing. All patients were evaluated by sonography, and the tendons of 16 patients were imaged using MRI to evaluate the extent of healing. Final dorsiflexion was 16 degrees and plantar flexion 26 degrees, and 95% of the patients (18/19) returned to their previous level of sporting activity. One patient developed a superficial infection, and 2 patients had postoperative sural nerve injury with numbness for 1 month. There were no other major complications. CONCLUSION Endoscopy-assisted percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon allowed good tendon healing and return to sports at 6 months. Sural nerve injury during surgery was a potential complication of this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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30
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Tsai MC, Chen TH, Chang MH, Chen TY, Lin CC. Gallbladder perforation with formation of hepatic subcapsular biloma, treated with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E206-7. [PMID: 20845274 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Institute of Medicine of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gowda M, Garcia L, Maxwell E, Malik R, Gulyaeva L, Tsai MC. Spontaneous uterine rupture in a nulligravida female presenting with unexplained recurrent hematometra. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2010; 37:60-62. [PMID: 20420285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus in reproductive-age women is exceedingly rare, especially in the context of dysfunctional bleeding and a patent cervical canal. A 25-year-old nulligravida female, who reported recent onset of metromenorrhagia and anemia, was initially admitted for surgical management of unexplained hematometra requiring dilation and curettage. The patient remained with intermittent vaginal bleeding for the following six months on continuous progestin therapy. She then re-presented with enlarged hematometra and uterine rupture, which was surgically repaired. Despite exhaustive conservative treatment to preserve fertility, hysterectomy was eventually required due to recurrent uterine rupture. Idiopathic recurrent hematometra can result from the rare combination of uncontrolled dysfunctional bleeding and absence of outflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gowda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Tsai MC, Chen L, Zhou J, Tang Z, Hsu TF, Wang Y, Shih YT, Peng HH, Wang N, Guan Y, Chien S, Chiu JJ. Shear stress induces synthetic-to-contractile phenotypic modulation in smooth muscle cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta activations by prostacyclin released by sheared endothelial cells. Circ Res 2009; 105:471-80. [PMID: 19628794 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.193656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are located in close proximity to endothelial cells (ECs), is critical in regulating vascular function. The role of flow-induced shear stress in the modulation of SMC phenotype has not been well defined. OBJECTIVE The objective was to elucidate the role of shear stress on ECs in modulating SMC phenotype and its underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Application of shear stress (12 dyn/cm2) to ECs cocultured with SMCs modulated SMC phenotype from synthetic to contractile state, with upregulation of contractile markers, downregulation of proinflammatory genes, and decreased percentage of cells in the synthetic phase. Treating SMCs with media from sheared ECs induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, -delta, and -gamma ligand binding activities; transfecting SMCs with specific small interfering (si)RNAs of PPAR-alpha and -delta, but not -gamma, inhibited shear induction of contractile markers. ECs exposed to shear stress released prostacyclin (PGI2). Transfecting ECs with PGI2 synthase-specific siRNA inhibited shear-induced activation of PPAR-alpha/delta, upregulation of contractile markers, downregulation of proinflammatory genes, and decrease in percentage of SMCs in synthetic phase. Mice with PPAR-alpha deficiency (compared with control littermates) showed altered SMC phenotype toward a synthetic state, with increased arterial contractility in response to angiotensin II. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that laminar shear stress induces synthetic-to-contractile phenotypic modulation in SMCs through the activation of PPAR-alpha/delta by the EC-released PGI2. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the EC-SMC interplays and the protective homeostatic function of laminar shear stress in modulating SMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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Lin KL, Chang WC, Lin DF, Luo HL, Tsai MC. Effects of nano-SiO(2) and different ash particle sizes on sludge ash-cement mortar. J Environ Manage 2008; 88:708-14. [PMID: 17498863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nano-SiO(2) on three ash particle sizes in mortar were studied by replacing a portion of the cement with incinerated sewage sludge ash. Results indicate that the amount of water needed at standard consistency increased as more nano-SiO(2) was added. Moreover, a reduction in setting time became noticeable for smaller ash particle sizes. The compressive strength of the ash-cement mortar increased as more nano-SiO(2) was added. Additionally, with 2% nano-SiO(2) added and a cure length of 7 days, the compressive strength of the ash-cement mortar with 1 microm ash particle size was about 1.5 times better that of 75microm particle size. Further, nano-SiO(2) functioned to fill pores for ash-cement mortar with different ash particle sizes. However, the effects of this pore-filling varied with ash particle size. Higher amounts of nano-SiO(2) better influenced the ash-cement mortar with larger ash particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, 1, Section 1, Shen Lung Road, I-Lan 26041, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
How messengers modulate the shifting of spontaneously generated action potential into bursts of potentials (BoP) is studied electrophysiologically and biochemically in RP 1 and 4 neurons of the African snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac using d- and l-amphetamine (Amp) as modulator. The stereospecific effects, extracellular and intracellular ionic effects, messenger related to enzymatic effects and membrane ionic currents effects on BoP elicited by Amp are studied. The roles of organelles, such as mitochondria, protein syntheis related endoplasmic-reticulum, on the BoP are also tested. The messengers modulated the BoP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the current level of development of emergency medicine (EM) systems in the world. DESIGN Survey of EM professionals from 36 countries during a 90-day period from Aug. 25 to Nov. 24, 1998. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six EM professionals from 36 countries and 6 continents completed the survey. Thirty-five (97%) were physicians, of whom 25 (69%) gave presentations at 1 of 4 international EM conferences during the study period. Three potential participants from 3 countries were excluded because of language barriers. Five additional participants from 5 other countries did not respond within the study period and were excluded. MEASUREMENTS Respondents completed a 103-question questionnaire about the presence of EM specialty, academic, patient care, information and management systems and the factors influencing the future of EM in their countries. RESULTS The overall response rate was 88%. Nearly all respondents (97%) stated that their countries had hospital-based emergency departments (EDs). More than 80% of respondents reported that their countries have emergency medical services (EMS), national EMS activation phone numbers and ED systems for pediatric emergency care. More than 70% stated that their countries had national EM organizations, EM research, ED systems for patient transfer and peer review and emergency physician (EP) training in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and the ability to perform rapid sequence intubation. More than 60% reported ED systems for trauma care and triage and EP training in Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and the ability to perform thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Fifty percent reported EM residency training programs, official recognition of EM as an independent specialty, and EM journals. CONCLUSIONS Basic emergency medicine components now exist in the majority of countries surveyed. These include many specialty, academic, patient care and administrative systems. The foundation for further EM development is widely established throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Arnold
- Ruth and Harry Roman Department of Emergency Medicine, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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36
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Lin PL, Huang HH, Fan SZ, Tsai MC, Lin CH, Huang CH. Effect of ropivacaine on endothelium-dependent phenylephrine-induced contraction in guinea pig aorta. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:1388-93. [PMID: 17944643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ropivacaine has biphasic vascular effects, causing vasoconstriction at low concentrations and vasorelaxation at high concentrations. This study was designed to examine the role of the endothelium during accidental intravascular absorption of ropivacaine, and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. METHODS Isolated guinea pig aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of ropivacaine on endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings were assessed. Endothelium-intact aortic rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine before being exposed to ropivacaine and acetylcholine, in order to generate and compare concentration-response curves. In the absence and presence of yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, indometacin, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or methylene blue, the contractile response induced by ropivacaine was assessed on endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine. RESULTS Ropivacaine (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l) produced vasoconstriction in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, whereas no such response was observed in aortic rings with intact endothelium. In phenylephrine pre-contracted intact aortic rings, ropivacaine induced a greater degree of vasorelaxation than did acetylcholine. Yohimbine, propranolol and atropine all failed to affect the relaxation responses induced by ropivacaine. However, pre-treatment with indometacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), significantly decreased the ropivacaine-induced relaxation of endothelium-intact aortic rings (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l). CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine elicits an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in phenylephrine pre-contracted aortic rings via the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway and the prostaglandin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiu JJ, Chen LJ, Lee CI, Lee PL, Lee DY, Tsai MC, Lin CW, Usami S, Chien S. Mechanisms of induction of endothelial cell E-selectin expression by smooth muscle cells and its inhibition by shear stress. Blood 2007; 110:519-28. [PMID: 17371946 PMCID: PMC1924488 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin is a major adhesion molecule expressed by endothelial cells (ECs), which are exposed to shear stress and neighboring smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of EC E-selectin expression by SMCs and shear stress. SMC coculture induced rapid and sustained increases in expression of E-selectin and phosphorylation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase glycoprotein-130, as well as the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt. By using specific inhibitors, dominant-negative mutants, and small interfering RNA, we demonstrated that activations of c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 of the MAPK pathways are critical for the coculture-induced E-selectin expression. Gel shifting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that SMC coculture increased the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-promoter binding activity in ECs; inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by p65-antisense, lactacystin, and N-acetyl-cysteine blocked the coculture-induced E-selectin promoter activity. Protein arrays and blocking assays using neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that IL-1beta and IL-6 produced by EC/SMC cocultures are major contributors to the coculture induction of EC signaling and E-selectin expression. Preshearing of ECs at 12 dynes/cm(2) inhibited the coculture-induced EC signaling and E-selectin expression. Our findings have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the SMC induction of EC E-selectin expression and the shear stress protection against this SMC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Hsieh YC, Chen SH, Wang CW, Lee YF, Chung WC, Tsai MC, Chang TC, Lien YY, Tsai SS. Unusual pox lesions found in Chinese jungle mynahs (Acridotheres cristatellus). Avian Pathol 2007; 34:415-7. [PMID: 16236575 DOI: 10.1080/03079450500267791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pox lesions involving feathered and unfeathered skin, the oral cavity and the uropygial gland were found in Chinese jungle mynahs. Characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions were detected in the proliferative cells of all lesions. Ultrastructurally, the virus particles consisted of a convoluted outer membrane enclosing lateral bodies and a biconcave central core, typical for poxvirus. The nucleotide sequences of the amplicon obtained with a set of primers for the 4b core protein of fowl poxvirus revealed that the mynah poxvirus was phylogenetically related to wood pigeon poxvirus. This is the first report of poxvirus infection affecting the uropygial gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsieh
- Tainan Hsien Livestock Disease Control Center, Tainan, and Department of Biology, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
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Tsai MC, Yang CC, Chao SC, Lee JYY, Chen W. Case of co-morbidity of alopecia areata and pityriasis lichenoides in a five year old boy for two years. J Dermatol 2006; 33:724-6. [PMID: 17040506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsai MC, Chen W, Cheng YW, Wang CY, Chen GY, Hsu TJ. Higher body mass index is a significant risk factor for acne formation in schoolchildren. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16:251-3. [PMID: 16709487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is frequently accompanied by peripheral hyperandrogenism, which may be associated with increased sebum production and the development of severe acne. Body mass index (BMI) is one of the most accurate ways to measure and determine obesity. The aim of the present study was to study the correlation between obesity and the point prevalence and patterns of acne in schoolchildren. A total of 3,274 children (aged 6-11 years) from Magong Township were examined by two board-certified dermatologists. The acne prevalence was 7.3%, with more girls affected than boys (ratio = 1.5). Comedones were more commonly observed than inflammatory acne (10.4% vs. 6.9%). The mean of BMI in non-acne students (18.2 +/- 3.4) was significantly lower than that in acne subjects (19.5 +/- 3.7), without gender difference. Overall schoolchildren with a BMI < 18.5 had less prevalence rate of acne, especially the inflammatory lesions, while those with a BMI-for-age > or = 95% had a significantly higher rate of acne development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuon, Taiwan
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41
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Chiu JJ, Chen LJ, Chang SF, Lee PL, Lee CI, Tsai MC, Lee DY, Hsieh HP, Usami S, Chien S. Shear Stress Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell–Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:963-9. [PMID: 15718492 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000159703.43374.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are influenced by shear stress and neighboring smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We investigated the inflammation-relevant gene expression in EC/SMC cocultures under static condition and in response to shear stress.
Materials and Methods—
Under static condition, DNA microarrays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction identified 23 inflammation-relevant genes in ECs whose expression was significantly affected by coculture with SMCs, with 18 upregulated and 5 downregulated. Application of shear stress (12 dynes/cm
2
) to the EC side of the coculture for 6 hours inhibited most of the proinflammatory gene expressions in ECs induced by coculture with SMCs. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by the p65-antisense, lactacystin, and N-acetyl-cysteine blocked the coculture-induced EC expression of proinflammatory genes, indicating that the NF-κB binding sites in the promoters of these genes play a significant role in their expression as a result of coculture with SMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the in vivo regulation of NF-κB recruitment to selected target promoters. Shear stress inhibited the SMC coculture-induced NF-κB activation in ECs and monocytic THP-1 cell adhesion to ECs.
Conclusions—
Our findings suggest that shear stress plays an inhibitory role in the proinflammatory gene expression in ECs located in close proximity to SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chromatin/physiology
- Coculture Techniques
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Monocytes/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Stress, Mechanical
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/immunology
- Vasculitis/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in early 2003 on a tertiary care hospital in Taiwan, ROC. METHODS The study estimated the utilisation of resources related to infection control, SARS related medical services, and routine medical services, and SARS related medical outcomes at National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) from 25 March to 16 June 2003 through a cross sectional survey of hospital records. RESULTS A mean of 5100 persons per day (95%CI 4580 to 5610) underwent fever screening at the outpatient and emergency department (ED) entrances to the hospital, of which 35 per day (95% CI 30 to 40) were referred for further evaluation for suspected or probable SARS. ED isolation surge capacity was created via 12 new beds outside the ED: eight for SARS assessment, three for patients awaiting in hospital bed assignment, and one for resuscitation. A total of 382 patients were fully evaluated for suspected or probable SARS outside the ED, of which 27 were admitted. The mean numbers of outpatient clinic patient visits, ED visits, ED trauma patient visits, ED admissions, hospital admissions, and operative procedures decreased during the outbreak. Thirty eight patients were hospitalised with suspected SARS, of which three received the final diagnosis of probable SARS. Two patients with probable SARS died. No cases of nosocomial SARS transmission occurred. CONCLUSIONS This SARS outbreak was associated with substantial use of hospital and ED resources aimed at infection control, comparatively less use of resources related to the medical care of patients with suspected or probable SARS, and decreased use of routine medical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Hung-Lung C, Chen TC, Tsai MC, Chen YL. Adsorption characteristics of benzene on biosolid adsorbent. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:83-87. [PMID: 12578178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study selected biosolids from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant as the raw material. The sludge was immersed in 0 to 5 mol l(-1) of ZnCl2 solutions and pyrolyzed at different temperatures. When the sludge was pyrolyzed for 30 min at temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 700 degrees C, the corresponding surface area of the biosolid adsorbent was 46, 401, 921, and 727 m2/g, respectively. Pore size analysis indicated that the mesopore (20 to 500 A) contributed more than the macropore and micropore in the sludge pyrolytic residue. When the benzene influent concentration was 800 ppmv, the adsorption capacity ranged from 59 to 164 mg/g for different biosolid adsorbents. A larger BET surface area and smaller average pore diameter yielded a larger benzene adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hung-Lung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Fooyin Institute of Technology, Kaoshsiung Hsien, 831, Chinese Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to determine whether occupational stress (defined as high psychological demands and low decision latitude on the job) is associated with increased blood pressure and abnormal level of blood lipids as cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at three work sites of 526 white-collar male workers aged 20 to 66 years without evidence of cardiovascular disease. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure, serum total, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma triglyceride were measured. Occupational stress index was derived from data collected in the job strain questionnaire. RESULTS In multiple linear regression models, occupational stress index was significantly related to diastolic blood pressure and plasma triglyceride, after adjusting for age, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A higher occupational stress index was directly associated with higher systolic, diastolic blood pressure and higher level of plasma triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS These data from a white-collar working population confirm independent relations between occupational stress defined in the job demand-control model and diastolic blood pressure observed in predominantly Western populations and extend the range of associations to plasma triglyceride than do previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Su
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., 110, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wu YC, Tsai MC, Cheng LC, Chou CJ, Weng NY. C. elegans CED-12 acts in the conserved crkII/DOCK180/Rac pathway to control cell migration and cell corpse engulfment. Dev Cell 2001; 1:491-502. [PMID: 11703940 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(01)00056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have identified and characterized a novel C. elegans gene, ced-12, that functions in the conserved GTPase signaling pathway mediated by CED-2/Crkll, CED-5/DOCK180, and CED-10/Rac to control cell migration and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. We provide evidence that ced-12 likely acts upstream of ced-10 during cell migration and phagocytosis and that CED-12 physically interacts with CED-5 and forms a ternary complex with CED-2 in vitro. We propose that the formation and localization of a CED-2-CED-5-CED-12 ternary complex to the plasma membrane activates CED-10, leading to the cytoskeletal reorganization that occurs in the polarized extension of cell surfaces in engulfing cells and migrating cells. We suggest that CED-12 counterparts in higher organisms regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, as CED-12 does in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wu
- Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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Tsai YG, Ou TY, Wang CC, Tsai MC, Yuh YS, Hwang B. Intravenous gamma-globulin therapy in myocarditis complicated with complete heart block: Report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:311-3. [PMID: 11729711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis complicated with complete heart block is rare in childhood. We report a case of 4-year-old child presented with complete heart block which may have been caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Under emergent temporal pacing, patient experienced cardiogenic shock with pulmonary edema eventually. The cardiopulmonary function was improved with atrial rhythm at the 6th hour later after intravenous infusion with high-dose gamma-globulin (IVIG). The IVIG therapy may have immunomodulatory effects and serve as a potential adjunctive therapy for fulminant myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Tsai
- Departments of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) toward tabletop drills to determine the effect of tabletop simulation on the EMT student perception of disaster preparedness and management. In November 1998 and April 1999, 59 firefighters underwent 260 hours of EMT intermediate level training at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Tainan, Taiwan. All participants had experience in field disaster exercise training before they attended this EMT training course. The EMT courses included a disaster and mass-casuality incident program. A 9-item questionnaire was completed by the 59 EMTs before (for field exercise) and after undergoing the tabletop drills. The results of the survey revealed that the field operation exercise could not provide adequate provisions to link the results of disaster exercises to appropriate changes in terms of training, equipment, supplies, and plans. Field operation failed to show the ability of others to fill in during the absence of key officials. Tabletop drilling provided better performance for these 2 issues. Tabletop exercise also provided a better chance than field exercise to evaluate the response without the use of telephones, which are not always reliable in real emergency situation. For disaster exercises, limitations of field operation drills such as communications, coordination, assignment of responsibilities, and postevent mitigation priorities were noted, and tabletop drills provided additional benefits for these settings. Large-scale effect evaluation of different drills may be necessary to design future disaster preparedness programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Resveratrol is found in a wide variety of plant species. It is present in the seeds and skin of grapes and constitutes one of the major components of red wine. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether resveratrol could effectively suppress infarct size from the damaging effects of focal cerebral ischemia. The middle cerebral artery was occluded for 1 hr and 24 hr reperfusion in anesthetized Long-Evans rats. In pretreatment or treatment groups, resveratrol, at dosages of 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) and 10(-9) g/kg, was intravenous injected 15 minutes before middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion or when the common carotid arteries clips were removed respectively. Pretreatment or treatment of resveratrol (10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) and 10(-9) g/kg) did not produce any changes in pH, blood gases, heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure, but it significantly reduced the total volume of infarction at the doses 10(-6) and 10(-7) g/kg. Our study suggests resveratrol is a potent neuroprotective agent in focal cerebral ischemia. Its beneficial effects may be related to its anti-platelet aggregation activity, vasodilating effect, antioxidant property or by all mechanisms together.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Liou HH, Chen RC, Chen TH, Tsai YF, Tsai MC. Attenuation of paraquat-induced dopaminergic toxicity on the substantia nigra by (-)-deprenyl in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 172:37-43. [PMID: 11264021 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Deprenyl (DEP) had been shown to slow of progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study sought to determine whether DEP would attenuate the nigrostriatal system damage induced by intranigral administration of the herbicide paraquat (PQ) as a model of parkinsonism in vivo. Neurochemical and behavioral observations of Wistar rats were the focus of our study. In the neurochemical observation, the PQ injected in the rats caused dose-dependent depletion of dopamine (DA) in the ipsilateral striata. The coadministration of DEP with PQ partially increased the striatal DA level. The prediction of the striatal DA levels was calculated by regression coefficients obtained from multiple linear regression (r(2) = 0.82): DA level (% of control) = 103.34 - 9.58 PQ (nmol) + 0.79 DEP (nmol). It was demonstrated that the high dose of 20 nmol DEP could significant attenuate the PQ (5 nmol)-elicited dopaminergic toxicity (p < 0.05). In the behavioral observation, the intranigral injection of PQ into the rats caused a rotation behavior contralateral to the lesioned side in response to apomorphine administration (0.5 mg/kg, sc). This apomorphine-induced rotational behavior could also be attenuated significantly by coadministration of DEP (20 nmol) and PQ (5 nmol) compared with PQ-treated (5 nmol) animals (p < 0.05). The above observations indicate that DEP could provide a protective effect on the moderate injury elicited by PQ toxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. DEP might be a useful therapeutic agent in treating patients with early-stage PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Liou
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Metabolic alkalosis (MA), defined as a primary increment in plasma bicarbonate concentration, is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in severe cases. One of the major routes of compensation for MA (ie, the secretion of an alkaline urine) is lost in renal failure patients. We report three cases involving four episodes of extreme MA with an arterial pH value greater than 7.60, serum bicarbonate concentration greater than 55 mmol/L, and stupor or seizure. Profound vomiting or massive gastric drainage combined with concurrent oliguric renal failure was the underlying mechanism for severe MA. Hydration and normal central venous pressure failed to improve the MA. The extreme MA was reversed quickly and safely by conventional hemodialysis with normal bicarbonate dialysate of 25 to 28 mmol/L. To our knowledge, this is the first reported successful use of normal bicarbonate dialysate in the treatment of severe MA. We also found that either H(2) blockers or proton-pump inhibitors have a prophylactic effect on the formation of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hsu
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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