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Clausen L, Okarmus J, Voutsinos V, Meyer M, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hartmann-Petersen R. PRKN-linked familial Parkinson's disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease-linked variants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:223. [PMID: 38767677 PMCID: PMC11106057 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that arises from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is mainly characterized by progressive loss of motor function. Monogenic familial PD is associated with highly penetrant variants in specific genes, notably the PRKN gene, where homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants predominate. PRKN encodes Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase important for protein ubiquitination and mitophagy of damaged mitochondria. Accordingly, Parkin plays a central role in mitochondrial quality control but is itself also subject to a strict protein quality control system that rapidly eliminates certain disease-linked Parkin variants. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular functions of Parkin, highlighting the various mechanisms by which PRKN gene variants result in loss-of-function. We emphasize the importance of high-throughput assays and computational tools for the clinical classification of PRKN gene variants and how detailed insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of PRKN gene variants may impact the development of personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Clausen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Voutsinos
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Is Disrupted Mitophagy a Central Player to Parkinson's Disease Pathology? Cureus 2023; 15:e35458. [PMID: 36860818 PMCID: PMC9969326 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the pathophysiology at a cellular level has been defined, the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood. This neurodegenerative disorder is associated with impaired dopamine transmission in the substantia nigra, and protein accumulations known as Lewy bodies are visible in affected neurons. Cell culture models of PD have indicated impaired mitochondrial function, so the focus of this paper is on the quality control processes involved in and around mitochondria. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is the process through which defective mitochondria are removed from the cell by internalisation into autophagosomes which fuse with a lysosome. This process involves many proteins, notably including PINK1 and parkin, both of which are known to be coded on genes associated with PD. Normally in healthy individuals, PINK1 associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane, which then recruits parkin, activating it to attach ubiquitin proteins to the mitochondrial membrane. PINK1, parkin, and ubiquitin cooperate to form a positive feedback system which accelerates the deposition of ubiquitin on dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in mitophagy. However, in hereditary PD, the genes encoding PINK1 and parkin are mutated, resulting in proteins that are less efficient at removing poorly performing mitochondria, leaving cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress and ubiquitinated inclusion bodies, such as Lewy bodies. Current research that looks into the connection between mitophagy and PD is promising, already yielding potentially therapeutic compounds; until now, pharmacological support for the mitophagy process has not been part of the therapeutic arsenal. Continued research in this area is warranted.
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3
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Mani S, Jindal D, Chopra H, Jha SK, Singh SK, Ashraf GM, Kamal M, Iqbal D, Chellappan DK, Dey A, Dewanjee S, Singh KK, Ojha S, Singh I, Gautam RK, Jha NK. ROCK2 Inhibition: A Futuristic Approach for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104871. [PMID: 36122738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurons depend on mitochondrial functions for membrane excitability, neurotransmission, and plasticity.Mitochondrialdynamicsare important for neural cell maintenance. To maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, lysosomes remove dysfunctionalmitochondria through mitophagy. Mitophagy promotes mitochondrial turnover and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. In many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitophagy is disrupted in neurons.Mitophagy is regulated by several proteins; recently,Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) has been suggested to negatively regulate the Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway.Thus, ROCK2inhibitionmay bea promising therapyfor NDDs. This review summarizesthe mitophagy pathway, the role of ROCK2in Parkin-dependentmitophagyregulation,and mitophagy impairment in the pathology of AD. We further discuss different ROCK inhibitors (synthetic drugs, natural compounds,and genetherapy-based approaches)and examine their effects on triggering neuronal growth and neuroprotection in AD and other NDDs. This comprehensive overview of the role of ROCK in mitophagy inhibition provides a possible explanation for the significance of ROCK inhibitors in the therapeutic management of AD and other NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Disease, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Divya Jindal
- Centre for Emerging Disease, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, UAB School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Inderbir Singh
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala -134007, India
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala -134007, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
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4
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Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1499-1518. [PMID: 35951210 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studies in human cases proved that specific genes, including PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, SNCA, and LRRK2, linked mitochondrial dysfunction with PD. Also, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of PD. Targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic approach to inhibit or slow down PD formation and progression seems to be an exciting issue. The current review summarized known mutations associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and PD. The significance of mtDNA in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and potential PD therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction was then discussed.
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Wang C, Liu L, Wang Y, Xu D. Advances in the mechanism and treatment of mitochondrial quality control involved in myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7110-7121. [PMID: 34160885 PMCID: PMC8335700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells. Normal mitochondrial homeostasis is subject to a strict mitochondrial quality control system, including the strict regulation of mitochondrial production, fission/fusion and mitophagy. The strict and accurate modulation of the mitochondrial quality control system, comprising the mitochondrial fission/fusion, mitophagy and other processes, can ameliorate the myocardial injury of myocardial ischaemia and ischaemia-reperfusion after myocardial infarction, which plays an important role in myocardial protection after myocardial infarction. Further research into the mechanism will help identify new therapeutic targets and drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction. This article aims to summarize the recent research regarding the mitochondrial quality control system and its molecular mechanism involved in myocardial infarction, as well as the potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang M, Li C, Yang S, Xiao Y, Chen W, Gao P, Jiang N, Xiong S, Wei L, Zhang Q, Yang J, Zeng L, Sun L. Mitophagy: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating DN. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2717-2728. [PMID: 33023427 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201006152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Tubular damage is an early change and characteristic of DN, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of DN. Therefore, the timely removal of damaged mitochondria in tubular cells is an effective treatment strategy for DN. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that ensures the timely elimination of damaged mitochondria to protect cells from oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic disorders in tubular cells in DN and the molecular mechanism of mitophagy. Finally, the role of mitophagy in DN and its feasibility as a therapeutic target for DN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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7
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Huang Y, Wen Q, Huang J, Luo M, Xiao Y, Mo R, Wang J. Manganese (II) chloride leads to dopaminergic neurotoxicity by promoting mitophagy through BNIP3-mediated oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:23. [PMID: 34078255 PMCID: PMC8173824 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese overexposure can induce neurotoxicity, lead to manganism and result in clinical manifestations similar to those of parkinsonism. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study demonstrated that MnCl2 induces mitophagy and leads to neurotoxicity by promoting BNIP3-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were used throughout our experiments. Cell viability was detected by cell proliferation/toxicity test kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. ROS generation was detected using a microplate reader. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. Results MnCl2 led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing expression of BNIP3 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, MnCl2 reduced expression of the mitochondrial marker protein TOMM20 and promoted interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. The results also indicated that a decrease in BNIP3 expression reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential loss, attenuated apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial autophagosome formation in SH-SY5Y cells after MnCl2 treatment. Finally, we found that manganese-induced ROS generation could be reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or silencing BNIP3 expression. Conclusions BNIP3 mediates MnCl2-induced mitophagy and neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through ROS. Thus, BNIP3 contributes to manganese-induced neurotoxicity by functioning as a mitophagy receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiaolin Wen
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ruikang Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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8
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Wang WW, Han R, He HJ, Wang Z, Luan XQ, Li J, Feng L, Chen SY, Aman Y, Xie CL. Delineating the Role of Mitophagy Inducers for Alzheimer Disease Patients. Aging Dis 2021; 12:852-867. [PMID: 34094647 PMCID: PMC8139196 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly that serves to be a formidable socio-economic and healthcare challenge in the 21st century. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment of mitochondrial-specific autophagy, namely mitophagy, have emerged as important components of the cellular processes contributing to the development of AD pathologies, namely amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Here, we highlight the recent advances in the association between impaired mitophagy and AD, as well as delineate the potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a systematic review the current status of mitophagy modulators and analyzed their relevant mechanisms, evaluating on their advantages, limitations and current applications in clinical trials for AD patients. Finally, we describe how deep learning may be a promising method to rapid and efficient discovery of mitophagy inducers as well as general guidance for the workflow of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- 1The center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Han
- 3NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050071, China
| | - Hai-Jun He
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Luan
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia Li
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Feng
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Si-Yan Chen
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yahyah Aman
- 4Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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9
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Mishra SR, Mahapatra KK, Behera BP, Patra S, Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Singh A, Patil S, Dhiman R, Bhutia SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a driver of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its modulation through mitophagy for potential therapeutics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 136:106013. [PMID: 34022434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is responsible for the sensation of various pathogenic and non-pathogenic damage signals and has a vital role in neuroinflammation and neural diseases. Various stimuli, such as microbial infection, misfolded protein aggregates, and aberrant deposition of proteins can induce NLRP3 inflammasome in neural cells. Once triggered, the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the activation of caspase-1, which in turn activates inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin -18, and induces pyroptotic cell death. Mitochondria are critically involved in diverse cellular processes and are involved in regulating cellular redox status, calcium levels, inflammasome activation, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, and other mitochondria-associated proteins and lipids play vital roles in the instigation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, the processes of mitochondrial dynamics, such as fission and fusion, are essential in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and their imbalance also promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this connection, mitophagy-mediated maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis restricts NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation and its consequences in various neurological disorders. Hence, mitophagy can be exploited as a potential strategy to target damaged mitochondria induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its lethal consequences. Therefore, the identification of novel mitophagy modulators has promising therapeutic potential for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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10
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Chadha R. Mitophagy impairment in neurodegenerative diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:270-293. [PMID: 33476770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells, requiring a lot of energy for its proper functioning. Mitochondria are the key cellular organelles and produce most of the energy in the form of ATP, required for all the crucial functions of neurons. Hence, the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control is important for maintaining neuronal health. As a part of mitochondrial quality control, the aged and damaged mitochondria are removed through a selective mode of autophagy called mitophagy. However, in different pathological conditions, this process is impaired in neuronal cells and lead to a variety of neurodegenerative disease (NDD). Various studies indicate that specific protein aggregates, the characteristics of different NDDs, affect this process of mitophagy, adding to the severity and progression of diseases. Though, the detailed process of this association is yet to be explored. In light of the significant role of impaired mitophagy in NDDs, further studies have also investigated a large number of therapeutic strategies to target mitophagy in these diseases. Our current review summarizes the abnormalities in different mitophagy pathways and their association with different NDDs. We have also elaborated upon various novel therapeutic strategies and their limitations to enhance mitophagy in NDDs that may help in the management of symptoms and increasing the life expectancy of NDD patients. Thus, our study provides an overview of mitophagy in NDDs and emphasizes the need to elucidate the mechanism of impaired mitophagy prevalent across different NDDs in future research. This will help designing better treatment options with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Radhika Chadha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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11
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Strobbe D, Pecorari R, Conte O, Minutolo A, Hendriks CMM, Wiezorek S, Faccenda D, Abeti R, Montesano C, Bolm C, Campanella M. NH-sulfoximine: A novel pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F 1 F o -ATPase, which suppresses viability of cancerous cells. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:298-311. [PMID: 33037618 PMCID: PMC9328437 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPsynthase is pivotal for cellular homeostasis. When respiration is perturbed, its mode of action everts becoming an F1Fo‐ATPase and therefore consuming rather producing ATP. Such a reversion is an obvious target for pharmacological intervention to counteract pathologies. Despite this, tools to selectively inhibit the phases of ATP hydrolysis without affecting the production of ATP remain scarce. Here, we report on a newly synthesised chemical, the NH‐sulfoximine (NHS), which achieves such a selectivity. Experimental Approach The chemical structure of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitor BTB‐06584 was used as a template to synthesise NHS. We assessed its pharmacology in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells in which we profiled ATP levels, redox signalling, autophagy pathways and cellular viability. NHS was given alone or in combination with either the glucose analogue 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) or the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. Key Results NHS selectively blocks the consumption of ATP by mitochondria leading a subtle cytotoxicity associated via the concomitant engagement of autophagy which impairs cell viability. NHS achieves such a function independently of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1). Conclusion and Implications The novel sulfoximine analogue of BTB‐06584, NHS, acts as a selective pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase. NHS, by blocking the hydrolysis of ATP perturbs the bioenergetic homoeostasis of cancer cells, leading to a non‐apoptotic type of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Pecorari
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Conte
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan Wiezorek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosella Abeti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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12
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Townley AR, Wheatley SP. Mitochondrial survivin reduces oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells by inhibiting mitophagy. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247379. [PMID: 33077555 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin (also known as BIRC5) is a cancer-associated protein that is pivotal for cellular life and death - it is an essential mitotic protein and an inhibitor of apoptosis. In cancer cells, a small pool of survivin localises to the mitochondria, the function of which remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that mitochondrial survivin inhibits the selective form of autophagy called 'mitophagy', causing an accumulation of respiratory-defective mitochondria. Mechanistically, the data reveal that survivin prevents recruitment of the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin to mitochondria and their subsequent recognition by the autophagosome. The data also demonstrate that cells in which mitophagy has been blocked by survivin expression have an increased dependency on glycolysis. As these effects were found exclusively in cancer cells, they suggest that the primary act of mitochondrial survivin is to steer cells towards the implementation of the Warburg transition by inhibiting mitochondrial turnover, which enables them to adapt and survive.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Townley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sally P Wheatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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13
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Chen Y, Li Q, Li Q, Xing S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Feng F, Sun H. p62/SQSTM1, a Central but Unexploited Target: Advances in Its Physiological/Pathogenic Functions and Small Molecular Modulators. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10135-10157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Huaian 223005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Huaian 223005, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Khan A, Zheng H, Yuan C, Jiang H. Advances in drug therapy for mitochondrial diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:17. [PMID: 32055608 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders driven by oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain which due to pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). Recent progress in molecular genetics and biochemical methodologies has provided a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases, and this has expanded the clinical spectrum of this conditions. But the treatment of mitochondrial diseases is largely symptomatic and thus does not significantly change the course of the disease. Few clinical trials have led to the design of drugs aiming at enhancing mitochondrial function or reversing the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction which are now used in the clinical treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Several other drugs are currently being evaluated for clinical management of patients with mitochondrial diseases. In this review, the current status of treatments for mitochondrial diseases is described systematically, and newer potential treatment strategies for mitochondrial diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haishan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Sánchez-Melgar A, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Polyphenols and Neuroprotection: The Role of Adenosine Receptors. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Melgar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Luis Albasanz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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16
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Batatinha HAP, Diniz TA, de Souza Teixeira AA, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC. Regulation of autophagy as a therapy for immunosenescence-driven cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: The role of exercise. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14883-14895. [PMID: 30756377 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the risk factors for the development of low-grade inflammation morbidities, such as several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, due to changes in the metabolism, hormonal secretion, and immunosenescence. The senescence of the immune system leads to improper control of infections and tissue damage increasing age-related diseases. One of the mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis is autophagy, a cell-survival mechanism, and it has been proposed as one of the most powerful antiaging therapies. Regular exercise can reestablish autophagy, probably through AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and help in reducing the age-related senescence diseases. Therefore, in this study, we discuss the effects of exercise training in immunosenescence and autophagy, preventing the two main age-related disease, cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiego Aparecido Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karsten Krüger
- Department Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jose Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Liu J, Liu W, Li R, Yang H. Mitophagy in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070712. [PMID: 31336937 PMCID: PMC6678174 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenesis of PD is complicated and remains obscure, but growing evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Mitophagy, the process of removing damaged mitochondria, is compromised in PD patients and models, and was found to be associated with accelerated neurodegeneration. Several PD-related proteins are known to participate in the regulation of mitophagy, including PINK1 and Parkin. In addition, mutations in several PD-related genes are known to cause mitochondrial defects and neurotoxicity by disturbing mitophagy, indicating that mitophagy is a critical component of PD pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how these genes are involved in mitochondrial quality control or mitophagy regulation in the study of PD pathogenesis and the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we will discuss the critical roles of mitophagy in PD pathogenesis, highlighting the potential therapeutic implications of mitophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weijin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruolin Li
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China.
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18
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Mitochondria in Neuroprotection by Phytochemicals: Bioactive Polyphenols Modulate Mitochondrial Apoptosis System, Function and Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102451. [PMID: 31108962 PMCID: PMC6566187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In aging and neurodegenerative diseases, loss of distinct type of neurons characterizes disease-specific pathological and clinical features, and mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal survival and death. Mitochondria are now considered as the organelle to modulate cellular signal pathways and functions, not only to produce energy and reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress, deficit of neurotrophic factors, and multiple other factors impair mitochondrial function and induce cell death. Multi-functional plant polyphenols, major groups of phytochemicals, are proposed as one of most promising mitochondria-targeting medicine to preserve the activity and structure of mitochondria and neurons. Polyphenols can scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and activate redox-responsible transcription factors to regulate expression of genes, coding antioxidants, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival neurotrophic factors. In mitochondria, polyphenols can directly regulate the mitochondrial apoptosis system either in preventing or promoting way. Polyphenols also modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission and fusion), and autophagic degradation to keep the quality and number. This review presents the role of polyphenols in regulation of mitochondrial redox state, death signal system, and homeostasis. The dualistic redox properties of polyphenols are associated with controversial regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis system involved in the neuroprotective and anti-carcinogenic functions. Mitochondria-targeted phytochemical derivatives were synthesized based on the phenolic structure to develop a novel series of neuroprotective and anticancer compounds, which promote the bioavailability and effectiveness. Phytochemicals have shown the multiple beneficial effects in mitochondria, but further investigation is required for the clinical application.
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20
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Mitochondrial quality control and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20180062. [PMID: 32714594 PMCID: PMC7373240 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria homeostasis is sustained by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, which is crucial for cellular health, especially in the maintenance of functional mitochondria. A healthy mitochondria network is essential for life as it regulates cellular metabolism processes, particularly ATP production. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are two highly integrated processes in MQC system that determines whether damaged mitochondria will be repaired or degraded. Neurons are highly differentiated cells which demand high energy consumption. Therefore, compromised MQC processes and the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria may be the main cause of neuronal death and lead to neurodegeneration. Here, we focus on the inseparable relationship of mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy and how their dysfunction may lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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El-Hattab AW, Suleiman J, Almannai M, Scaglia F. Mitochondrial dynamics: Biological roles, molecular machinery, and related diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:315-321. [PMID: 30361041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fusion, fission, movement, and mitophagy. These processes are essential to maintain the normal mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function. Mitochondrial fusion allows the exchange of intramitochondrial material, whereas the fission process is required to replicate the mitochondria during cell division, facilitate the transport and distribution of mitochondria, and allow the isolation of damaged organelles. Mitochondrial mobility is essential for mitochondrial distribution depending on the cellular metabolic demands. Mitophagy is needed for the elimination of dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population. The mitochondrial dynamic processes are mediated by a number of nuclear-encoded proteins that function in mitochondrial transport, fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Disorders of mitochondrial dynamics are caused by pathogenic variants in the genes encoding these proteins. These diseases have a high clinical variability, and range in severity from isolated optic atrophy to lethal encephalopathy. These disorders include defects in mitochondrial fusion (caused by pathogenic variants in MFN2, OPA1, YME1L1, MSTO1, and FBXL4), mitochondrial fission (caused by pathogenic variants in DNM1L and MFF), and mitochondrial autophagy (caused by pathogenic variants in PINK1 and PRKN). In this review, the molecular machinery and biological roles of mitochondrial dynamic processes are discussed. Subsequently, the currently known diseases related to mitochondrial dynamic defects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman W El-Hattab
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Pediatrics Department, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jehan Suleiman
- Division of Neurology, Pediatrics Department, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Medical Genetics Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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22
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Wauman J, Tavernier J. The intracellular domain of the leptin receptor prevents mitochondrial depolarization and mitophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1312-1325. [PMID: 29932990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic leptin receptor (LR) signaling regulates body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. It is well established that the human LR undergoes ectodomain shedding, but little is known about the fate of the remaining cytosolic domain. This study demonstrates that regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) releases the LR intracellular domain (LR ICD), which translocates to the mitochondria where it binds to SOCS6. This LR ICD-SOCS6 interaction stabilizes both proteins on the mitochondrial outer membrane and requires a functional BC box in SOCS6 for mitochondrial association and a central motif in the LR ICD for SOCS6 binding. The LR ICD prevents CCCP-induced mitochondrial depolarization and mitophagy as shown by lowered Parkin translocation and p62 accumulation. Strict regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in the hypothalamus is known to be essential for body weight homeostasis. This is the first study showing that the LR can directly modulate mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Wauman
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium..
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23
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Strobbe D, Robinson AA, Harvey K, Rossi L, Ferraina C, de Biase V, Rodolfo C, Harvey RJ, Campanella M. Distinct Mechanisms of Pathogenic DJ-1 Mutations in Mitochondrial Quality Control. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:68. [PMID: 29599708 PMCID: PMC5862874 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The deglycase and chaperone protein DJ-1 is pivotal for cellular oxidative stress responses and mitochondrial quality control. Mutations in PARK7, encoding DJ-1, are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and lead to pathological oxidative stress and/or disrupted protein degradation by the proteasome. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of selected DJ-1 missense mutations, by characterizing protein-protein interactions, core parameters of mitochondrial function, quality control regulation via autophagy, and cellular death following dopamine accumulation. We report that the DJ-1M26I mutant influences DJ-1 interactions with SUMO-1, in turn enhancing removal of mitochondria and conferring increased cellular susceptibility to dopamine toxicity. By contrast, the DJ-1D149A mutant does not influence mitophagy, but instead impairs Ca2+ dynamics and free radical homeostasis by disrupting DJ-1 interactions with a mitochondrial accessory protein known as DJ-1-binding protein (DJBP/EFCAB6). Thus, individual DJ-1 mutations have different effects on mitochondrial function and quality control, implying mutation-specific pathomechanisms converging on impaired mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexis A. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio de Biase
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Rodolfo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Thellung S, Scoti B, Corsaro A, Villa V, Nizzari M, Gagliani MC, Porcile C, Russo C, Pagano A, Tacchetti C, Cortese K, Florio T. Pharmacological activation of autophagy favors the clearing of intracellular aggregates of misfolded prion protein peptide to prevent neuronal death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:166. [PMID: 29416016 PMCID: PMC5833808 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the “gain-of-toxicity mechanism”, neuronal loss during cerebral proteinopathies is caused by accumulation of aggregation-prone conformers of misfolded cellular proteins, although it is still debated which aggregation state actually corresponds to the neurotoxic entity. Autophagy, originally described as a variant of programmed cell death, is now emerging as a crucial mechanism for cell survival in response to a variety of cell stressors, including nutrient deprivation, damage of cytoplasmic organelles, or accumulation of misfolded proteins. Impairment of autophagic flux in neurons often associates with neurodegeneration during cerebral amyloidosis, suggesting a role in clearing neurons from aggregation-prone misfolded proteins. Thus, autophagy may represent a target for innovative therapies. In this work, we show that alterations of autophagy progression occur in neurons following in vitro exposure to the amyloidogenic and neurotoxic prion protein-derived peptide PrP90-231. We report that the increase of autophagic flux represents a strategy adopted by neurons to survive the intracellular accumulation of misfolded PrP90-231. In particular, PrP90-231 internalization in A1 murine mesencephalic neurons occurs in acidic structures, showing electron microscopy hallmarks of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes. However, these structures do not undergo resolution and accumulate in cytosol, suggesting that, in the presence of PrP90-231, autophagy is activated but its progression is impaired; the inability to clear PrP90-231 via autophagy induces cytotoxicity, causing impairment of lysosomal integrity and cytosolic diffusion of hydrolytic enzymes. Conversely, the induction of autophagy by pharmacological blockade of mTOR kinase or trophic factor deprivation restored autophagy resolution, reducing intracellular PrP90-231 accumulation and neuronal death. Taken together, these data indicate that PrP90-231 internalization induces an autophagic defensive response in A1 neurons, although incomplete and insufficient to grant survival; the pharmacological enhancement of this process exerts neuroprotection favoring the clearing of the internalized peptide and could represents a promising neuroprotective tool for neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scoti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Villa
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Centro Imaging Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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25
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Fonseca-Fonseca LA, Nuñez-Figueredo Y, Sánchez JR, Guerra MW, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Verdecia-Reyes Y, Hernádez RD, Menezes-Filho NJ, Costa TCS, de Santana WA, Oliveira JL, Segura-Aguilar J, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. KM-34, a Novel Antioxidant Compound, Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2018; 36:279-291. [PMID: 29294239 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease is not completely understood and is believed to be multifactorial. Neuronal disorders associated to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are widely considered major consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the synthetic arylidenmalonate derivative 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (KM-34), in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Pretreatment (2 h) with KM-34 (1 and 10 μM) markedly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. KM-34 also inhibited H2O2 generation, mitochondrial swelling, and membrane potential dissipation after 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial damage. In vivo, KM-34 treatment (1 and 2 mg/Kg) reduced percentage of asymmetry (cylinder test) and increased the vertical exploration (open field) with respect to untreated injured animals; KM-34 also reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein overexpression and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell number, both in substantia nigra pars compacta. These results demonstrate that KM-34 present biological effects associated to mitoprotection and neuroprotection in vitro, moreover, glial response and neuroprotection in SNpc in vivo. We suggest that KM-34 could be a putative neuroprotective agent for inhibiting the progressive neurodegenerative disease associated to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanier Nuñez-Figueredo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Jeney Ramírez Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Maylin Wong Guerra
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana (Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, CP 10400, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana (Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, CP 10400, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - René Delgado Hernádez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP 10600, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Noelio J Menezes-Filho
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Wagno Alcântara de Santana
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Joana L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil
| | - Silva Lima Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 41100-100, Brazil.
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de Mello AH, Costa AB, Engel JDG, Rezin GT. Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2017; 192:26-32. [PMID: 29155300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity leads to various changes in the body. Among them, the existing inflammatory process may lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, can trigger mitochondrial changes, which is called mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, excess nutrients supply (as it commonly is the case with obesity) can overwhelm the Krebs cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing a mitochondrial dysfunction, and lead to a higher ROS formation. This increase in ROS production by the respiratory chain may also cause oxidative stress, which may exacerbate the inflammatory process in obesity. All these intracellular changes can lead to cellular apoptosis. These processes have been described in obesity as occurring mainly in peripheral tissues. However, some studies have already shown that obesity is also associated with changes in the central nervous system (CNS), with alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in cerebral structures such as hypothalamus and hippocampus. In this sense, this review presents a general view about mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity, including related alterations, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and focusing on the whole organism, covering alterations in peripheral tissues, BBB, and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Haas de Mello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ana Beatriz Costa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Della Giustina Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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27
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The pharmacological regulation of cellular mitophagy. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:136-146. [PMID: 28103219 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules are pharmacological tools of considerable value for dissecting complex biological processes and identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Recently, the cellular quality-control process of mitophagy has attracted considerable research interest; however, the limited availability of suitable chemical probes has restricted our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Current approaches to initiate mitophagy include acute dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by mitochondrial uncouplers (for example, FCCP/CCCP) and the use of antimycin A and oligomycin to impair respiration. Both approaches impair mitochondrial homeostasis and therefore limit the scope for dissection of subtle, bioenergy-related regulatory phenomena. Recently, novel mitophagy activators acting independently of the respiration collapse have been reported, offering new opportunities to understand the process and potential for therapeutic exploitation. We have summarized the current status of mitophagy modulators and analyzed the available chemical tools, commenting on their advantages, limitations and current applications.
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28
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Molecular Biology Digest of Cell Mitophagy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:233-258. [PMID: 28526134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of eukaryotic cells relies on efficient mitochondrial function. The control of mitochondrial quality is framed by the combination of distinct but interdependent mechanisms spanning biogenesis, regulation of dynamic network, and finely tuned degradation either through ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy (mitophagy). There is continuous evolution on the pathways orchestrating the mitochondrial response to stress signals and the organelle adaptation to quality control during acute and subtle dysfunctions. Notably, it remains indeed ill-defined whether active mitophagy leads to cell survival or death by defective mitochondrial degradation. Above all, uncharted is whether and how pharmacologically tackle these mechanisms may lead to conceive novel therapeutic strategies for treating conditions associated with the defective mitochondria. Here, we attempt to provide a chronological and comprehensive overview of the determining discoveries, which have led to the current knowledge of mitophagy.
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29
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Moors TE, Hoozemans JJM, Ingrassia A, Beccari T, Parnetti L, Chartier-Harlin MC, van de Berg WDJ. Therapeutic potential of autophagy-enhancing agents in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28122627 PMCID: PMC5267440 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from genetic, pathological and experimental studies have increasingly suggested an important role for autophagy impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Genetic studies have identified mutations in genes encoding for components of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP), including glucosidase beta acid 1 (GBA1), that are associated with increased risk for developing PD. Observations in PD brain tissue suggest an aberrant regulation of autophagy associated with the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). As autophagy is one of the main systems involved in the proteolytic degradation of α-syn, pharmacological enhancement of autophagy may be an attractive strategy to combat α-syn aggregation in PD. Here, we review the potential of autophagy enhancement as disease-modifying therapy in PD based on preclinical evidence. In particular, we provide an overview of the molecular regulation of autophagy and targets for pharmacological modulation within the ALP. In experimental models, beneficial effects on multiple pathological processes involved in PD, including α-syn aggregation, cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been demonstrated using the autophagy enhancers rapamycin and lithium. However, selectivity of these agents is limited, while upstream ALP signaling proteins are involved in many other pathways than autophagy. Broad stimulation of autophagy may therefore cause a wide spectrum of dose-dependent side-effects, suggesting that its clinical applicability is limited. However, recently developed agents selectively targeting core ALP components, including Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), lysosomes, GCase as well as chaperone-mediated autophagy regulators, exert more specific effects on molecular pathogenetic processes causing PD. To conclude, the targeted manipulation of downstream ALP components, rather than broad autophagy stimulation, may be an attractive strategy for the development of novel pharmacological therapies in PD. Further characterization of dysfunctional autophagy in different stages and molecular subtypes of PD in combination with the clinical translation of downstream autophagy regulation offers exciting new avenues for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E Moors
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Ingrassia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Suárez-Rivero JM, Villanueva-Paz M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, de la Mata M, Cotán D, Oropesa-Ávila M, de Lavera I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Luzón-Hidalgo R, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mitochondrial Diseases. Diseases 2016; 5:diseases5010001. [PMID: 28933354 PMCID: PMC5456341 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are very versatile organelles in continuous fusion and fission processes in response to various cellular signals. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission/fusion, movements and turnover, are essential for the mitochondrial network quality control. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics can cause neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in which mitochondrial fusion and transport are impaired, or dominant optic atrophy which is caused by a reduced mitochondrial fusion. On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction in primary mitochondrial diseases promotes reactive oxygen species production that impairs its own function and dynamics, causing a continuous vicious cycle that aggravates the pathological phenotype. Mitochondrial dynamics provides a new way to understand the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disorders and other diseases related to mitochondria dysfunction such as diabetes, heart failure, or Hungtinton’s disease. The knowledge about mitochondrial dynamics also offers new therapeutics targets in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Raquel Luzón-Hidalgo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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