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Rautenberg S, Keller M, Leser C, Chen CC, Bracher F, Grimm C. Expanding the Toolbox: Novel Modulators of Endolysosomal Cation Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:249-276. [PMID: 35902436 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of endolysosomal ion channels is challenging due to their intracellular location. With recent advances in endolysosomal patch clamp technology, it has become possible to directly measure ion channel currents across endolysosomal membranes. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family, namely the endolysosomal TRPML channels (TRPML1-3), also called mucolipins, as well as the distantly related two-pore channels (TPCs) have recently been characterized in more detail with endolysosomal patch clamp techniques. However, answers to many physiological questions require work in intact cells or animal models. One major obstacle thereby is that the known endogenous ligands of TRPMLs and TPCs are anionic in nature and thus impermeable for cell membranes. Microinjection, on the other hand, is technically demanding. There is also a risk of losing essential co-factors for channel activation or inhibition in isolated preparations. Therefore, lipophilic, membrane-permeable small-molecule activators and inhibitors for TRPMLs and TPCs are urgently needed. Here, we describe and discuss the currently available small-molecule modulators of TRPMLs and TPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rautenberg
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Leser
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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Badin J, Rodenbeck S, McKenney-Drake ML, Sturek M. Multiphasic changes in smooth muscle Ca 2+ transporters during the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:95-121. [PMID: 36368876 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease due to macrovascular atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction is the major cause of death worldwide and the unabated increase in metabolic syndrome is a major reason why this will continue. Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulates a variety of cellular functions including contraction, proliferation, migration, and transcription. It follows that studies of vascular Ca2+ regulation in reductionist models and translational animal models are vital to understanding vascular health and disease. Swine with metabolic syndrome (MetS) develop the full range of coronary atherosclerosis from mild to severe disease. Intravascular imaging enables quantitative measurement of atherosclerosis in vivo, so viable coronary smooth muscle (CSM) cells can be dispersed from the arteries to enable Ca2+ transport studies in native cells. Transition of CSM from the contractile phenotype in the healthy swine to the proliferative phenotype in mild atherosclerosis was associated with increases in SERCA activity, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel function. In vitro organ culture confirmed that SERCA activation induces CSM proliferation. Transition from the proliferative to a more osteogenic phenotype was associated with decreases in all three Ca2+ transporters. Overall, there was a biphasic change in Ca2+ transporters over the progression of atherosclerosis in the swine model and this was confirmed in CSM from failing explanted hearts of humans. A major determinant of endolysosome content in human CSM is the severity of atherosclerosis. In swine CSM endolysosome Ca2+ release occurred through the TPC2 channel. We propose a multiphasic change in Ca2+ transporters over the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Badin
- ZOLL Medical Corporation, Chelmsford, MA, United States
| | - Stacey Rodenbeck
- Department of Biology, Harding University, Searcy, AR, United States
| | - Mikaela L McKenney-Drake
- Butler University, Health Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Two-pore channels: going with the flows. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1143-1155. [PMID: 35959977 PMCID: PMC9444070 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the structure, mechanisms and functions of the endo-lysosomal TPC (two-pore channel) family have grown apace. Gated by the second messengers, NAADP and PI(3,5)P2, TPCs are an integral part of fundamental signal-transduction pathways, but their array and plasticity of cation conductances (Na+, Ca2+, H+) allow them to variously signal electrically, osmotically or chemically. Their relative tissue- and organelle-selective distribution, together with agonist-selective ion permeabilities provides a rich palette from which extracellular stimuli can choose. TPCs are emerging as mediators of immunity, cancer, metabolism, viral infectivity and neurodegeneration as this short review attests.
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Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Karch J, Wang MC, Wehrens XH. Targeting calcium-mediated inter-organellar crosstalk in cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:303-317. [PMID: 35426759 PMCID: PMC9081256 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal calcium signaling between organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and lysosomes is a key feature of heart diseases. Calcium serves as a secondary messenger mediating inter-organellar crosstalk, essential for maintaining the cardiomyocyte function. AREAS COVERED This article examines the available literature related to calcium channels and transporters involved in inter-organellar calcium signaling. The SR calcium-release channels ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calcium-transporter SR/ER-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) are illuminated. The roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), the mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC), and the lysosomal H+/Ca2+ exchanger, two pore channels (TPC), and transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) are discussed. Furthermore, recent studies showing calcium-mediated crosstalk between the SR, mitochondria, and lysosomes as well as how this crosstalk is dysregulated in cardiac diseases are placed under the spotlight. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced SR calcium release via RyR2 and reduced SR reuptake via SERCA2a, increased VDAC and MCUC-mediated calcium uptake into mitochondria, and enhanced lysosomal calcium-release via lysosomal TPC and TRPML may all contribute to aberrant calcium homeostasis causing heart disease. While mechanisms of this crosstalk need to be studied further, interventions targeting these calcium channels or combinations thereof might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Jason Karch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Huffington Center on Aging
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
- Dept. of Medicine (Cardiology)
- Dept. of Neuroscience
- Dept. of Pediatrics (Cardiology)
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Faris P, Casali C, Negri S, Iengo L, Biggiogera M, Maione AS, Moccia F. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Signalling and Stimulates Proliferation in Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874043. [PMID: 35392169 PMCID: PMC8980055 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a newly discovered second messenger that gates two pore channels 1 (TPC1) and 2 (TPC2) to elicit endo-lysosomal (EL) Ca2+ release. NAADP-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release may be amplified by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism. NAADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ signals were shown to modulate a growing number of functions in the cardiovascular system, but their occurrence and role in cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) is still unknown. Herein, we found that exogenous delivery of NAADP-AM induced a robust Ca2+ signal that was abolished by disrupting the lysosomal Ca2+ store with Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide, nigericin, and bafilomycin A1, and blocking TPC1 and TPC2, that are both expressed at protein level in C-MSCs. Furthermore, NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ release resulted in the Ca2+-dependent recruitment of ER-embedded InsP3Rs and SOCE activation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clearly visible membrane contact sites between lysosome and ER membranes, which are predicted to provide the sub-cellular framework for lysosomal Ca2+ to recruit ER-embedded InsP3Rs through CICR. NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ mobilization via EL TPC was found to trigger the intracellular Ca2+ signals whereby Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) induces C-MSC proliferation. Furthermore, NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release was required to mediate FBS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt, phosphorylation in C-MSCs. These finding support the notion that NAADP-induced TPC activation could be targeted to boost proliferation in C-MSCs and pave the way for future studies assessing whether aberrant NAADP signaling in C-MSCs could be involved in cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
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Skelding KA, Barry DL, Theron DZ, Lincz LF. Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:62-89. [PMID: 36046356 PMCID: PMC9400767 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions of TPC2 and a discussion of its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention, including a summary of clinical trials examining the TPC2 inhibitors, naringenin, tetrandrine, and verapamil for the treatment of various cancers is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Skelding
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Barry
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle Z. Theron
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Lincz
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia;Hunter Hematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales 2298, Australia
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8
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Hu W, Zhao F, Chen L, Ni J, Jiang Y. NAADP-induced intracellular calcium ion is mediated by the TPCs (two-pore channels) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7485-7499. [PMID: 34263977 PMCID: PMC8335677 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a form of obstructive vascular disease. Chronic hypoxic exposure leads to excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. This condition can potentially be aggravated by [Ca2+] i mobilization. In the present study, hypoxia exposure of rat's model was established. Two‐pore segment channels (TPCs) silencing was achieved in rats' models by injecting Lsh‐TPC1 or Lsh‐TPC2. The effects of TPC1/2 silencing on PAH were evaluated by H&E staining detecting pulmonary artery wall thickness and ELISA assay kit detecting NAADP concentrations in lung tissues. TPC1/2 silencing was achieved in PASMCs and PAECs, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU incorporation assays. As the results shown, NAADP‐activated [Ca2+]i shows to be mediated via two‐pore segment channels (TPCs) in PASMCs, with TPC1 being the dominant subtype. NAADP generation and TPC1/2 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the hypoxia‐induced rat PAH model; NAADP was positively correlated with TPC1 and TPC2 expression, respectively. In vivo, Lsh‐TPC1 or Lsh‐TPC2 infection significantly improved the mean pulmonary artery pressure and PAH morphology. In vitro, TPC1 silencing inhibited NAADP‐AM‐induced PASMC proliferation and [Ca2+]i in PASMCs, whereas TPC2 silencing had minor effects during this process; TPC2 silencing attenuated NAADP‐AM‐ induced [Ca2+]i and ECM in endothelial cells, whereas TPC1 silencing barely ensued any physiological changes. In conclusion, TPC1/2 might provide a unifying mechanism within pulmonary arterial hypertension, which can potentially be regarded as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jiamin Ni
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Endolysosomal Ca 2+ signaling in cardiovascular health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 363:203-269. [PMID: 34392930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates a plethora of functions in the cardiovascular (CV) system, including contraction in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells and endothelial colony forming cells. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) represents the largest endogenous Ca2+ store, which releases Ca2+ through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and/or inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) upon extracellular stimulation. The acidic vesicles of the endolysosomal (EL) compartment represent an additional endogenous Ca2+ store, which is targeted by several second messengers, including nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2], and may release intraluminal Ca2+ through multiple Ca2+ permeable channels, including two-pore channels 1 and 2 (TPC1-2) and Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1). Herein, we discuss the emerging, pathophysiological role of EL Ca2+ signaling in the CV system. We describe the role of cardiac TPCs in β-adrenoceptor stimulation, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We then illustrate the role of EL Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs, where TPCs promote vasoconstriction and contribute to pulmonary artery hypertension and atherosclerosis, whereas TRPML1 sustains vasodilation and is also involved in atherosclerosis. Subsequently, we describe the mechanisms whereby endothelial TPCs promote vasodilation, contribute to neurovascular coupling in the brain and stimulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Finally, we discuss about the possibility to target TPCs, which are likely to mediate CV cell infection by the Severe Acute Respiratory Disease-Coronavirus-2, with Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to alleviate the detrimental effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 on the CV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Moccia F, Negri S, Faris P, Perna A, De Luca A, Soda T, Berra-Romani R, Guerra G. Targeting Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channels to Treat Cardiovascular Disorders in the Novel COronaVIrus Disease 2019. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629119. [PMID: 33574769 PMCID: PMC7870486 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence hints in favor of a life-threatening link between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV-2 may result in dramatic cardiovascular complications, whereas the severity of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the incidence of fatalities tend to increase in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular complications. SARS-CoV-2 is internalized into the host cells by endocytosis and may then escape the endolysosomal system via endosomes. Two-pore channels drive endolysosomal trafficking through the release of endolysosomal Ca2+. Recent evidence suggested that the pharmacological inhibition of TPCs prevents Ebola virus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome COronaVirus (MERS-CoV) entry into host cells. In this perspective, we briefly summarize the biophysical and pharmacological features of TPCs, illustrate their emerging role in the cardiovascular system, and finally present them as a reliable target to treat cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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The Role of Two-Pore Channels in Norepinephrine-Induced [Ca 2+] i Rise in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Aorta Contraction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101144. [PMID: 31557916 PMCID: PMC6829401 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) triggers Ca2+ release via two-pore channels (TPCs) localized in endolysosomal vesicles. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the role of TPCs in the action of norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AngII), vasopressin (AVP), and 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) on free cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from rat aorta and on aorta contraction. To address this issue, the NAADP structural analogue and inhibitor of TPCs, NED 19, was applied. We have demonstrated a high degree of colocalization of the fluorescent signals of cis-NED 19 and endolysosmal probe LysoTracker in SMCs. Both cis- or trans-NED 19 inhibited the rise of [Ca2+]i in SMCs induced by 100 μM NE by 50–60%. IC50 for cis- and trans-NED 19 were 2.7 and 8.9 μM, respectively. The inhibition by NED 19 stereoisomers of the effects of AngII, AVP, and 5-HT was much weaker. Both forms of NED 19 caused relaxation of aortic rings preconstricted by NE, with relative potency of cis-NED 19 several times higher than that of trans-NED 19. Inhibition by cis-NED 19 of NE-induced contraction was maintained after intensive washing and slowly reversed within an hour of incubation. Cis- and trans-NED 19 did not cause decrease in the force of aorta contraction in response to Ang II and AVP, and only slightly relaxed aorta preconstricted by 5-HT and by KCl. Suppression of TPC1 in SMCs with siRNA caused a 40% decrease in [Ca2+]i in response to NE, whereas siRNA against TPC2 did not change NE calcium signaling. These data suggest that TPC1 is involved in the NE-stimulated [Ca2+]i rise in SMCs. Inhibition of TPC1 activity by NED 19 could be the reason for partial inhibition of aortic rings contraction in response to NE.
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