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Lorenzo-Benito S, Rivera-Rivas LA, Sánchez-Ayala L, Ortega-López J, Montes-Flores O, Talamás-Lara D, Arroyo R. Omics Analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis Actin and Tubulin and Their Participation in Intercellular Interactions and Cytokinesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061067. [PMID: 35741829 PMCID: PMC9222396 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin and tubulin proteins from Trichomonas vaginalis are crucial for morphogenesis and mitosis. This parasite has 10 and 11 genes coding bonafide actin and tubulin proteins, respectively. Hence, the goal of this work was to analyze these actin and tubulin genes, their expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and their parasite localization in intercellular interaction and cytokinesis. Representative bonafide actin (tvact1) and tubulin (tvtubα1) genes were cloned into and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins TvACT1r and TvTUBα1r were affinity purified and used as antigens to produce polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies were used in 1DE and 2DE WB and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). By IFA, actin was detected as a ring on the periphery of ameboid, ovoid, and cold-induced cyst-like parasites, on pseudopods of amoeboid parasites, and in cytoplasmic extensions (filopodia) in cell–cell interactions. Tubulin was detected in the axostyle, flagellum, undulating membrane, and paradesmose during mitosis. Paradesmose was observed by IFA mainly during cytokinesis. By scanning electron microscopy, a tubulin-containing nanotubular structure similar to the tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) was also detected in the last stage of cytokinesis. In conclusion, actin and tubulin are multigene families differentially expressed that play important roles in intercellular interactions and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Lorenzo-Benito
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Luis Alberto Rivera-Rivas
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Lizbeth Sánchez-Ayala
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (J.O.-L.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Octavio Montes-Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (J.O.-L.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3342
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The effect of iron on Trichomonas vaginalis TvCP2: a cysteine proteinase found in vaginal secretions of trichomoniasis patients. Parasitology 2020; 147:760-774. [PMID: 32174285 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) induces host cell damage through cysteine proteinases (CPs) modulated by iron. An immunoproteomic analysis showed that trichomoniasis patient sera recognize various CPs, also some of them are present in vaginal washes (VWs). Thus, the goal of this work was to determine whether TvCP2 is expressed during infection and to assess the effect of iron on TvCP2 expression, localization and contribution to in vitro cellular damage. Western-blotting (WB) assays using TvCP2r and vaginitis patient serum samples showed that 6/9 Tv (+) but none of the Tv (-) patient sera recognized TvCP2r. WB using an anti-TvCP2r antibody and VWs from the same patients showed that in all of the Tv (+) but none of the Tv (-) VWs, the anti-TvCP2r antibody detected a 27 kDa protein band that corresponded to the mature TvCP2, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. Iron decreased the amount of TvCP2 mRNA and the protein localized on the parasite surface and cytoplasmic vesicles concomitant with the cytotoxic effect of TvCP2 on HeLa cells. Parasites pretreated with the anti-TvCP2r antibody also showed reduced levels of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HeLa cell monolayers. In conclusion, these results show that TvCP2 is expressed during trichomonal infection and plays an important role in the in vitro HeLa cell cytotoxic damage under iron-restricted conditions.
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Glucose-restriction increasesTrichomonas vaginaliscellular damage towards HeLa cells and proteolytic activity of cysteine proteinases (CPs), such as TvCP2. Parasitology 2019; 146:1156-1166. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTrichomonas vaginalisinduces cellular damage to the host cells (cytotoxicity) through the proteolytic activity of multiple proteinases of the cysteine type (CPs). Some CPs are modulated by environmental factors such as iron, zinc, polyamines, etc. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the effect of glucose onT. vaginaliscytotoxicity, proteolytic activity and the particular role of TvCP2 (TVAG_057000) during cellular damage. Cytotoxicity assays showed that glucose-restriction (GR) promotes the highest HeLa cell monolayers destruction (~95%) by trichomonads compared to those grown under high glucose (~44%) condition. Zymography and Western blot using different primary antibodies showed that GR increased the proteolytic activity, amount and secretion of certain CPs, including TvCP2. We further characterized the effect of glucose on TvCP2. TvCP2 increases in GR, localized in vesicles close to the plasma membrane and on the surface ofT. vaginalis. Furthermore, pretreatment of GR-trichomonads with an anti-TvCP2r polyclonal antibody specifically reduced the levels of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction to HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, our data show that GR, as a nutritional stress condition, promotes trichomonal cytotoxicity to the host cells, increases trichomonad proteolytic activity and amount of CPs, such as TvCP2 involved in cellular damage.
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