1
|
Łukasiewicz-Śmietańska D, Godlewski D, Nowakowska E, Szpak A, Chabros E, Juszczyk G, Charzewska J, Rybaczyk-Pathak D. Association of the bitter taste genes TAS2R38 and CA6 and breast cancer risk; a case-control study of Polish women in Poland and Polish immigrants in USA. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300061. [PMID: 38687739 PMCID: PMC11060581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that the perception of bitterness is mediated by type 2 bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). However, recent reports have suggested that the carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6) gene may also influence bitterness sensing. Genetic variants in these genes could influence dietary intake of brassica vegetables, whose increased consumption has been observed in the literature, though inconsistently, to decrease breast cancer (BC) risk. We hypothesized that the estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between BC and taster diplotype (PAV/PAV) and/or genotype A/A, will be in the direction of increased BC risk, potentially due to reduced consumption of brassica vegetables. Using a case-control study of BC in Polish women in Poland (210 cases and 262 controls) and Polish immigrant women to USA (78 cases and 170 controls) we evaluated the association of the taster diplotypes in TAS2R38 gene and genotypes in the CA6 gene and BC risk in these two populations individually and jointly. No significant increase in risk was observed for the TAS2R38 PAV/PAV diplotype (tasters) in each population individually or in the joint population. For the CA6 gene, in the joint population, we observed an increased BC risk for the combined G/A and G/G genotypes (non-tasters) vs A/A (tasters), OR = 1.41 (95% CI 1.04-1.90, p = 0.026) which after adjustment for False Discovery Rate (FDR), was not significant at p≤0.05 level. However, for the joint population and for the combined genotype of the two genes AVI/AVI+G* (non-tasters) vs. PAV/*+A/A (tasters), we observed a significant increase in BC risk, OR = 1.77 (95%CI 1.47-2.74, p = 0.01), for the non-tasters, which remained significant after FDR adjustment. In conclusion for the joint population and the joint effect for the two bitter sensing genes, we observed an increase in BC risk for the bitterness non-tasters, association which is in the opposite direction to our original hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łukasiewicz-Śmietańska
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health NIH- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- National Institute of Public Health NIH- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Charzewska
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health NIH- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorothy Rybaczyk-Pathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lagzian A, Askari M, Haeri MS, Sheikhi N, Banihashemi S, Nabi-Afjadi M, Malekzadegan Y. Increased V-ATPase activity can lead to chemo-resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma via autophagy induction: new insights. Med Oncol 2024; 41:108. [PMID: 38592406 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a cancer type with a high rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Tumor chemo-resistance remains an issue for OSCC patients despite the availability of multimodal therapy options, which causes an increase in tumor invasiveness. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), appears to be one of the most significant molecules implicated in MDR in tumors like OSCC. It is primarily responsible for controlling the acidity in the solid tumors' microenvironment, which interferes with the absorption of chemotherapeutic medications. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms V-ATPase plays in OSCC chemo-resistance have not been understood. Uncovering these mechanisms can contribute to combating OSCC chemo-resistance and poor prognosis. Hence, in this review, we suggest that one of these underlying mechanisms is autophagy induced by V-ATPase which can potentially contribute to OSCC chemo-resistance. Finally, specialized autophagy and V-ATPase inhibitors may be beneficial as an approach to reduce drug resistance to anticancer therapies in addition to serving as coadjuvants in antitumor treatments. Also, V-ATPase could be a prognostic factor for OSCC patients. However, in the future, more investigations are required to demonstrate these suggestions and hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Lagzian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziye Askari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Melika Sadat Haeri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Sheikhi
- Biotechnology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Banihashemi
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trend University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yalda Malekzadegan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duan SL, Wu M, Zhang ZJ, Chang S. The potential role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism: an emerging actionable codependent target in thyroid cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:735. [PMID: 37853445 PMCID: PMC10585934 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, most patients, especially those with differentiated thyroid cancer, can usually be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. However, treatment options for patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancers or radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer have historically been limited. Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a well-documented feature in thyroid cancer. In a hypoxic environment with extreme nutrient deficiencies resulting from uncontrolled growth, thyroid cancer cells utilize "metabolic reprogramming" to satisfy their energy demand and support malignant behaviors such as metastasis. This review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in thyroid cancer cells, which we expect will yield new therapeutic approaches for patients with special pathological types of thyroid cancer by targeting reprogrammed glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quattrociocchi C, Mangia A, Aime S, Menchise V, Delli Castelli D. Molecular Resonance Imaging of the CAIX Expression in Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1301. [PMID: 37765110 PMCID: PMC10535658 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (hCAIX) is one of the main players in extracellular tumor pH regulation, and it is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer and other common tumors. hCA IX supports the growth and survival of tumor cells, and its expression is correlated with metastasis and resistance to therapies, making it an interesting biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this work deals with the development of an MRI imaging probe able to target the extracellular non-catalytic proteoglycan-like (PG) domain of CAIX. For this purpose, a specific nanoprobe, LIP_PepC, was designed by conjugating a peptidic interactor of the PG domain on the surface of a liposome loaded with Gd-bearing contrast agents. A Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (TS/A) was chosen as an in vitro breast cancer model to test the developed probe. MRI results showed a high selectivity and sensitivity of the imaging probe toward hCAI-expressing TS/A cells. This approach appears highly promising for the in vivo translation of a diagnostic procedure based on the targeting of hCA IX enzyme expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Quattrociocchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.Q.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Mangia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.Q.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvio Aime
- CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Valeria Menchise
- CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Daniela Delli Castelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.Q.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Conte M, De Feo MS, Frantellizzi V, Marampon F, Filippi L, Schillaci O, De Vincentis G. Extraosseous distribution of 99mTc-diphosphonates during bone scintigraphy: review of the literature with case series presentation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:18-27. [PMID: 37561127 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Technetium-99m (99mTc)-diphosphonates represent the most common radiopharmaceutical used for bone scintigraphy. Even if the uptake in bone tissue has been widely explored, atypical uptake could be seen in soft tissue malignancies during bone scintigraphy. Increased vascularization and endothelium permeability represent front-row players in the biodistribution of the tracer, albeit other causes have been identified such as trauma, necrosis, the presence of calcification in metastasis, the pH of the tissue and consequently the type of ion concentration. CONCLUSION The aim of this paper is to summarize the state of art of atypical soft tissue uptake seen in cancer tissues. The research was conducted on PubMed. The analysis of the literature suggests that calcium metabolism and ionic saturation have a pivotal role in the biodistribution of bone tracers. This phenomenon ranks in a complex scenario that includes carcinogenesis and cancer environment aspects. We also report two cases in our Institution in which atypical uptake in cancer tissues was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Conte
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Filippi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Audero MM, Carvalho TMA, Ruffinatti FA, Loeck T, Yassine M, Chinigò G, Folcher A, Farfariello V, Amadori S, Vaghi C, Schwab A, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Prevarskaya N, Fiorio Pla A. Acidic Growth Conditions Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to Select More Aggressive PDAC Cell Phenotypes In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092572. [PMID: 37174038 PMCID: PMC10177299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an acidic microenvironment, which contributes to therapeutic failure. So far there is a lack of knowledge with respect to the role of the acidic microenvironment in the invasive process. This work aimed to study the phenotypic and genetic response of PDAC cells to acidic stress along the different stages of selection. To this end, we subjected the cells to short- and long-term acidic pressure and recovery to pHe 7.4. This treatment aimed at mimicking PDAC edges and consequent cancer cell escape from the tumor. The impact of acidosis was assessed for cell morphology, proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via functional in vitro assays and RNA sequencing. Our results indicate that short acidic treatment limits growth, adhesion, invasion, and viability of PDAC cells. As the acid treatment progresses, it selects cancer cells with enhanced migration and invasion abilities induced by EMT, potentiating their metastatic potential when re-exposed to pHe 7.4. The RNA-seq analysis of PANC-1 cells exposed to short-term acidosis and pHe-selected recovered to pHe 7.4 revealed distinct transcriptome rewiring. We describe an enrichment of genes relevant to proliferation, migration, EMT, and invasion in acid-selected cells. Our work clearly demonstrates that upon acidosis stress, PDAC cells acquire more invasive cell phenotypes by promoting EMT and thus paving the way for more aggressive cell phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Magalì Audero
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Thorsten Loeck
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maya Yassine
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Antoine Folcher
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Valerio Farfariello
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Samuele Amadori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Vaghi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- U1003-PHYCELL-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Prime and Integral Cause of Cancer in the Post-Warburg Era. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020540. [PMID: 36672490 PMCID: PMC9856494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Back to beginnings. A century ago, Otto Warburg published that aerobic glycolysis and the respiratory impairment of cells were the prime cause of cancer, a phenomenon that since then has been known as "the Warburg effect". In his early studies, Warburg looked at the effects of hydrogen ions (H+), on glycolysis in anaerobic conditions, as well as of bicarbonate and glucose. He found that gassing with CO2 led to the acidification of the solutions, resulting in decreased rates of glycolysis. It appears that Warburg first interpreted the role of pH on glycolysis as a secondary phenomenon, a side effect that was there just to compensate for the effect of bicarbonate. However, later on, while talking about glycolysis in a seminar at the Rockefeller Foundation, he said: "Special attention should be drawn to the remarkable influence of the bicarbonate…". Departing from the very beginnings of this metabolic cancer research in the 1920s, our perspective advances an analytic as well as the synthetic approach to the new "pH-related paradigm of cancer", while at the same time addressing the most fundamental and recent changing concepts in cancer metabolic etiology and its potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Direct electrochemical detection of trans-plasma membrane electron transfer: A possible alternative pathway for cell respiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Hamaguchi R, Isowa M, Narui R, Morikawa H, Wada H. Clinical review of alkalization therapy in cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1003588. [PMID: 36185175 PMCID: PMC9516301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1003588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most unique characteristics of cancer metabolism is activated aerobic glycolysis, which is called the “Warburg effect”, and is a hallmark of cancer. An acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) resulting from activated anaerobic glycolysis is associated with cancer progression, multi-drug resistance, and immune escape. Several in vitro and in vivo studies reported that neutralization of the acidic TME by alkalizing agents, such as bicarbonate, resulted in the suppression of cancer progression and a potential benefit for anti-cancer drug responses. In clinical settings, alkalizing effects were achieved not only by alkalizing agents, but also by a following a particular diet. An epidemiological study demonstrated that more fruits and vegetables and less meat and dairy products are associated with an increase in urine pH, which may reflect the alkalizing effect on the body. However, it remains unclear whether alkaline dietary intervention improves the effects of cancer treatment. Moreover, there are few clinical reports to date regarding cancer treatments being performed on patients together with alkalization therapy. In this review, we investigated whether alkalization therapy, which includes an alkaline diet and/or alkalizing agents, improves cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bogdanov A, Bogdanov A, Chubenko V, Volkov N, Moiseenko F, Moiseyenko V. Tumor acidity: From hallmark of cancer to target of treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:979154. [PMID: 36106097 PMCID: PMC9467452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.979154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor acidity is one of the cancer hallmarks and is associated with metabolic reprogramming and the use of glycolysis, which results in a high intracellular lactic acid concentration. Cancer cells avoid acid stress major by the activation and expression of proton and lactate transporters and exchangers and have an inverted pH gradient (extracellular and intracellular pHs are acid and alkaline, respectively). The shift in the tumor acid–base balance promotes proliferation, apoptosis avoidance, invasiveness, metastatic potential, aggressiveness, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. For example, weak-base chemotherapeutic agents may have a substantially reduced cellular uptake capacity due to “ion trapping”. Lactic acid negatively affects the functions of activated effector T cells, stimulates regulatory T cells, and promotes them to express programmed cell death receptor 1. On the other hand, the inversion of pH gradient could be a cancer weakness that will allow the development of new promising therapies, such as tumor-targeted pH-sensitive antibodies and pH-responsible nanoparticle conjugates with anticancer drugs. The regulation of tumor pH levels by pharmacological inhibition of pH-responsible proteins (monocarboxylate transporters, H+-ATPase, etc.) and lactate dehydrogenase A is also a promising anticancer strategy. Another idea is the oral or parenteral use of buffer systems, such as sodium bicarbonate, to neutralize tumor acidity. Buffering therapy does not counteract standard treatment methods and can be used in combination to increase effectiveness. However, the mechanisms of the anticancer effect of buffering therapy are still unclear, and more research is needed. We have attempted to summarize the basic knowledge about tumor acidity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ortiz A, Sanz AB. A pathway of osmotic stress-induced necroptosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:609-610. [PMID: 35915240 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS)2040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciones Nefrologicas (IRSIN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS)2040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chaudhary S, Kumar P, Kaushik M. Exploring the interaction of guanidine ligands Amiloride, Rimeporide and Cariporide with DNA for understanding their role as inhibitors of Na +/H + exchangers (NHEs): A spectroscopic and molecular docking investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:834-844. [PMID: 35675859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchangers (NHEs) has shown efficacy in the pathology of several diseases like tumors, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. The role of guanidine ligands such as amiloride, cariporide, and rimeporide as NHE inhibitors is very well documented but their interaction studies with genomic DNA are still unexplored. In this study, a combination of various biophysical and molecular docking studies was employed to investigate their binding aspects.UV-Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) studies indicated that guanidine ligands bind to the grooves of Calf Thymus DNA (ctDNA). Fluorescence titration studies depict that amiloride binds to ctDNA with a binding constant in the order of 102 M-1 and free energy change (ΔG0) of -14.05 KJ mol-1. Competitive fluorescence studies indicated the minor groove binding property of amiloride, whereas major groove binding mode was deduced for rimeporide and cariporide. Molecular docking studies were also found to be in accordance with the experimental results, revealing the information about the binding energy of the guanidine ligand-ctDNA complex. The docked structures depicted binding energy of -6.4 kcal mol-1 for amiloride and - 6.6 kcal mol-1 for rimeporide and cariporide. Such physicochemical studies of DNA-ligand interactions may facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of NHE inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chabaud S, Pellerin È, Caneparo C, Ringuette‑goulet C, Pouliot F, Bolduc S. Bladder cancer cell lines adapt their aggressiveness profile to oxygen tension. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:220. [PMID: 35720486 PMCID: PMC9178683 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of tumor growth, cancer cells will be subjected to intermittent hypoxia. This results from the delay in the development of the vascular network in relation to the proliferation of cancer cells. The hypoxic nature of a tumor has been demonstrated as a negative factor for patient survival. To evaluate the impact of hypoxia on the survival and migration properties of low and high-grade bladder cancer cell lines, two low-grade (MGHU-3 and SW-780) and two high-grade (SW-1710 and T24) bladder cancer cell lines were cultured in normoxic (20% O2) or hypoxic atmospheric conditions (2% O2). The response of bladder cancer cell lines to hypoxic atmospheric cell culture conditions was examined under several parameters, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, doubling time and metabolic activities, thrombospondin-1 expression, whole Matrix Metallo-Proteinase activity, migration and resistance to oxidative stress. The low-grade cell line response to hypoxia was heterogeneous even if it tended to adopt a more aggressive profile. Hypoxia enhanced migration and pro-survival properties of MGHU-3 cells, whereas these features were reduced for the SW-780 cell line cultured under low oxygen tension. The responses of tested high-grade cell lines were more homogeneous and tended to adopt a less aggressive profile. Hypoxia drastically changed some of the bladder cancer cell line properties, for example matrix metalloproteinases expression for all cancer cells but also switch in glycolytic metabolism of low grade cancer cells. Overall, studying bladder cancer cells in hypoxic environments are relevant for the translation from in vitro findings to in vivo context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale (Experimental Organogenesis Research Center)/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec‑Laval University Research Center, Enfant‑Jésus Hospital, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ève Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale (Experimental Organogenesis Research Center)/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec‑Laval University Research Center, Enfant‑Jésus Hospital, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christophe Caneparo
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale (Experimental Organogenesis Research Center)/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec‑Laval University Research Center, Enfant‑Jésus Hospital, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cassandra Ringuette‑goulet
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale (Experimental Organogenesis Research Center)/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec‑Laval University Research Center, Enfant‑Jésus Hospital, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale (Experimental Organogenesis Research Center)/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec‑Laval University Research Center, Enfant‑Jésus Hospital, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Q, Qin X, Kou X, Li J, Li Z, Chen C. Anagliptin promotes apoptosis in mouse colon carcinoma cells via MCT-4/lactate-mediated intracellular acidosis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:282. [PMID: 35317435 PMCID: PMC8908463 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit an acidic extracellular microenvironment, where inversion of the transmembrane pH gradient is associated with tumor proliferation and metastasis. To elucidate a new therapeutic target against cancer, the current study aimed to determine the mechanism by which the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin regulates the cellular pH gradient and concomitant extracellular acidosis during cancer progression. A total of 5x105 CT-26 cells (resuspended in phosphate buffer saline) were injected subcutaneously in the right flank of male BALB/c mice (weighing 25-28 g). The tumor samples were harvested, and lactate was detected using a lactate assay kit. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Ki67 and PCNA. MTT assay and flow cytometric were used to detect cell viability. Intracellular pH was detected by fluorescence pH indicator. The results revealed that anagliptin effectively reduced tumor growth, but did not affect the body weight of treated mice. Anagliptin reduced the accumulation of lactate in tumor sample. Treatment with anagliptin stimulated the apoptosis of CT-26 cells. And lactate excretion inhibition is accompanied by an increase in extracellular pH (pHe) after treatment with anagliptin. Furthermore, anagliptin induced intracellular acidification and reversed the low pHe gradient via monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT-4)-mediated lactate excretion. Additionally, anagliptin reversed the aberrant transmembrane extracellular/intracellular pH gradient by suppressing MCT-4-mediated lactate excretion, while also reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing apoptosis. These data revealed a novel function of anagliptin in regulating lactate excretion from cancer cells, suggesting that anagliptin may be used as a potential treatment for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- The Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Qin
- The Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Kou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsha Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Prion Protein Phase Separation in Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2022; 27:705. [PMID: 35163973 PMCID: PMC8839844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique ability to adapt and thrive in inhospitable, stressful tumor microenvironments (TME) also renders cancer cells resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic treatments and/or novel pharmaceuticals. Cancer cells exhibit extensive metabolic alterations involving hypoxia, accelerated glycolysis, oxidative stress, and increased extracellular ATP that may activate ancient, conserved prion adaptive response strategies that exacerbate multidrug resistance (MDR) by exploiting cellular stress to increase cancer metastatic potential and stemness, balance proliferation and differentiation, and amplify resistance to apoptosis. The regulation of prions in MDR is further complicated by important, putative physiological functions of ligand-binding and signal transduction. Melatonin is capable of both enhancing physiological functions and inhibiting oncogenic properties of prion proteins. Through regulation of phase separation of the prion N-terminal domain which targets and interacts with lipid rafts, melatonin may prevent conformational changes that can result in aggregation and/or conversion to pathological, infectious isoforms. As a cancer therapy adjuvant, melatonin could modulate TME oxidative stress levels and hypoxia, reverse pH gradient changes, reduce lipid peroxidation, and protect lipid raft compositions to suppress prion-mediated, non-Mendelian, heritable, but often reversible epigenetic adaptations that facilitate cancer heterogeneity, stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines some of the mechanisms that may balance physiological and pathological effects of prions and prion-like proteins achieved through the synergistic use of melatonin to ameliorate MDR, which remains a challenge in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu YN, Yang LX, Wang PW, Braet F, Shieh DB. From Microenvironment Remediation to Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy: The Emergence of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010099. [PMID: 35056996 PMCID: PMC8781124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies indicate that zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles demonstrate endogenous cancer-selective cytotoxicity, without any external electric field, lights, or energy, while sparing healthy non-cancerous cells in vitro and in vivo. The anti-cancer activity of ZVI-based nanoparticles was anti-proportional to the oxidative status of the materials, which indicates that the elemental iron is crucial for the observed cancer selectivity. In this thematic article, distinctive endogenous anti-cancer mechanisms of ZVI-related nanomaterials at the cellular and molecular levels are reviewed, including the related gene modulating profile in vitro and in vivo. From a material science perspective, the underlying mechanisms are also analyzed. In summary, ZVI-based nanomaterials demonstrated prominent potential in precision medicine to modulate both programmed cell death of cancer cells, as well as the tumor microenvironment. We believe that this will inspire advanced anti-cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Wu
- School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-N.W.); (P.-W.W.)
- The i-MANI Center of the National Core Facility for Biopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10622, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-N.W.); (P.-W.W.)
| | - Filip Braet
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-N.W.); (P.-W.W.)
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5410)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Balza E, Carlone S, Carta S, Piccioli P, Cossu V, Marini C, Sambuceti G, Rubartelli A, Castellani P. Therapeutic efficacy of proton transport inhibitors alone or in combination with cisplatin in triple negative and hormone sensitive breast cancer models. Cancer Med 2022; 11:183-193. [PMID: 34796694 PMCID: PMC8704177 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are very aggressive and have a poor prognosis due to lack of efficacious therapies. The only effective treatment is chemotherapy that however is frequently hindered by the occurrence of drug resistance. We approached this problem in vitro and in vivo on a triple negative and a hormone sensitive breast cancer cell lines: 4T1 and TS/A. A main defense mechanism of tumors is the extrusion of intracellular protons derived from the metabolic shift to glycolysis, and necessary to maintain an intracellular pH compatible with life. The resulting acidic extracellular milieu bursts the malignant behavior of tumors and impairs chemotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of combined therapies that associate cisplatin (Cis) with proton exchanger inhibitors, such as esomeprazole (ESO) and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA). Our results demonstrate that in the 4T1 triple negative model the combined therapy Cis plus EIPA is significantly more effective than the other treatments. Instead, in the TS/A tumor the best therapeutic result is obtained with ESO alone. Remarkably, in both 4T1 and TS/A tumors these treatments correlate with increase of CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and a dramatic reduction of M2 macrophages and other suppressor myeloid cells (MDSC) in the tumor infiltrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Balza
- Cell Biology UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | | | - Sonia Carta
- Cell Biology UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | | | - Vanessa Cossu
- Nuclear MedicineIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Cecilia Marini
- Nuclear MedicineIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM)CNR Institute of MolecularMilanItaly
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear MedicineIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A. The reversed intra- and extracellular pH in tumors as a unified strategy to chemotherapeutic delivery using targeted nanocarriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2243-2264. [PMID: 34522586 PMCID: PMC8424227 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex entities, comprising a wide variety of malignancies with very different molecular alterations. Despite this, they share a set of characteristics known as "hallmarks of cancer" that can be used as common therapeutic targets. Thus, every tumor needs to change its metabolism in order to obtain the energy levels required for its high proliferative rates, and these adaptations lead to alterations in extra- and intracellular pH. These changes in pH are common to all solid tumors, and can be used either as therapeutic targets, blocking the cell proton transporters and reversing the pH changes, or as means to specifically deliver anticancer drugs. In this review we will describe how proton transport inhibitors in association with nanocarriers have been designed to block the pH changes that are needed for cancer cells to survive after their metabolic adaptations. We will also describe studies aiming to decrease intracellular pH in cancer using nanoparticles as molecular cages for protons which will be released upon UV or IR light exposure. Finally, we will comment on several studies that have used the extracellular pH in cancer for an enhanced cell internalization and tumor penetration of nanocarriers and a controlled drug delivery, describing how nanocarriers are being used to increase drug stability and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular Del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Del Cáncer (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Galenkamp KMO, Commisso C. The Golgi as a "Proton Sink" in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664295. [PMID: 34055797 PMCID: PMC8155353 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit increased glycolytic flux and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. These processes increase the acidic burden on the cells through the production of lactate and protons. Nonetheless, cancer cells can maintain an alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) relative to untransformed cells, which sets the stage for optimal functioning of glycolytic enzymes, evasion of cell death, and increased proliferation and motility. Upregulation of plasma membrane transporters allows for H+ and lactate efflux; however, recent evidence suggests that the acidification of organelles can contribute to maintenance of an alkaline cytosol in cancer cells by siphoning off protons, thereby supporting tumor growth. The Golgi is such an acidic organelle, with resting pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.7. Here, we posit that the Golgi represents a "proton sink" in cancer and delineate the proton channels involved in Golgi acidification and the ion channels that influence this process. Furthermore, we discuss ion channel regulators that can affect Golgi pH and Golgi-dependent processes that may contribute to pHi homeostasis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen M. O. Galenkamp
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ronco AL, Martínez-López W, Calderón JM, Golomar W. Dietary acid load and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in men. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100382. [PMID: 33957561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the endogenous acid-base balance can contribute to inflammation and cancer development if metabolic acidosis is sustained. The epidemiologic evidence on the association between diet-dependent acid load and cancer risk is scarce and inconsistent. We aim to explore the possible role of dietary acid load in lung cancer (LC) risk. METHODS A case-control study was performed on 843 LC cases and 1466 controls by using a multi-topic questionnaire, including a food frequency questionnaire. Controls were matched to cases by age-frequency, urban/rural residence, and region. Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. The dietary acid load was calculated using validated measures as potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS We found direct associations between dietary acid load and LC risk. The highest quartile of the NEAP score was significantly associated (OR=2.22, ptrend<0.001). The PRAL score displayed similar associations in simpler regression models, but there was no association when a more complex one was used (OR=0.99, ptrend =0.94). The NEAP score was associated with a significant risk increase in all cell types, except for small cell cancers, but the PRAL score did not show any association. CONCLUSIONS The NEAP scores, directly associated with meat intake and inversely associated with plant-based foods intake, suggest that a high acid load dietary style may increase LC risk. Studies focused on food groups, and nutritional patterns are in line with our findings. Although the data shown here represent the first one to be published on this issue, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro L Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Bvar. Artigas 1590, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; School of Medicine, CLAEH University, Prado and Salt Lake, Maldonado 20100, Uruguay; Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Puntas de Santiago 1604, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay.
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Epigenetics and Genomics Instability Laboratory and Biodosimetry Service, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Juan M Calderón
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Puntas de Santiago 1604, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay
| | - Wilson Golomar
- Unit of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Joanicó 3265, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mazumdar S, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Exploration and insights into the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of amphiphilic polymeric nanocarriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:903-924. [PMID: 33996406 PMCID: PMC8105776 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial or deleterious effects of nanomedicines emerge from their complex interactions with intracellular pathways and their subcellular fate. Moreover, the dynamic nature of plasma membrane accounts for the movement of these nanocarriers within the cell towards different organelles thereby not only influencing their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but also bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of underlying parameters controlling nanocarrier endocytosis and intracellular fate is essential. In order to direct nanoparticles towards specific sub-cellular organelles the physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers can be manipulated. These include particle size, shape and surface charge/chemistry. Restricting the particle size of nanocarriers below 200 nm contributes to internalization via clathrin and caveolae mediated pathways. Similarly, a moderate negative surface potential confers endolysosomal escape and targeting towards mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. This review aims to provide an insight into these physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers fabricated using amphiphilic graft copolymers affecting cellular internalization. Fundamental principles understood from experimental studies have been extrapolated to draw a general conclusion for the designing of optimized nanoparticulate drug delivery systems and enhanced intracellular uptake via specific endocytic pathway.
Collapse
Key Words
- AR, aspect ratio
- Amphiphilic
- CCP, clathrin coated pits
- Cav-1, caveolin-1
- Copolymer
- Cy, cyanine
- DOX, doxorubicin
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- IL-2, interleukin
- Internalization
- Intracellular fate
- Nanoparticles
- RBITC, rhodamine B isothiocyanate
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- Rmax, minimum size threshold value
- Rmin, maximum size threshold value
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SR & LR, short rod and long rod
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- mPEG, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Mazumdar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koltai T. Targeting the pH Paradigm at the Bedside: A Practical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9221. [PMID: 33287221 PMCID: PMC7730959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inversion of the pH gradient in malignant tumors, known as the pH paradigm, is increasingly becoming accepted by the scientific community as a hallmark of cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that this is not simply a metabolic consequence of a dysregulated behavior, but rather an essential process in the physiopathology of accelerated proliferation and invasion. From the over-simplification of increased lactate production as the cause of the paradigm, as initially proposed, basic science researchers have arrived at highly complex and far-reaching knowledge, that substantially modified that initial belief. These new developments show that the paradigm entails a different regulation of membrane transporters, electrolyte exchangers, cellular and membrane enzymes, water trafficking, specialized membrane structures, transcription factors, and metabolic changes that go far beyond fermentative glycolysis. This complex world of dysregulations is still shuttered behind the walls of experimental laboratories and has not yet reached bedside medicine. However, there are many known pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are capable of targeting the pH paradigm. Most of these products are well known, have low toxicity, and are also inexpensive. They need to be repurposed, and this would entail shorter clinical studies and enormous cost savings if we compare them with the time and expense required for the development of a new molecule. Will targeting the pH paradigm solve the "cancer problem"? Absolutely not. However, reversing the pH inversion would strongly enhance standard treatments, rendering them more efficient, and in some cases permitting lower doses of toxic drugs. This article's goal is to describe how to reverse the pH gradient inversion with existing drugs and nutraceuticals that can easily be used in bedside medicine, without adding toxicity to established treatments. It also aims at increasing awareness among practicing physicians that targeting the pH paradigm would be able to improve the results of standard therapies. Some clinical cases will be presented as well, showing how the pH gradient inversion can be treated at the bedside in a simple manner with repurposed drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Centro de Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Obra Social del Personal de la Alimentacion, Talar de Pacheco, Buenos Aires 1617, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Fais S, Devesa J. Towards an Integral Therapeutic Protocol for Breast Cancer Based upon the New H +-Centered Anticancer Paradigm of the Late Post-Warburg Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7475. [PMID: 33050492 PMCID: PMC7589677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A brand new approach to the understanding of breast cancer (BC) is urgently needed. In this contribution, the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease is approached from the new pH-centric anticancer paradigm. Only this unitarian perspective, based upon the hydrogen ion (H+) dynamics of cancer, allows for the understanding and integration of the many dualisms, confusions, and paradoxes of the disease. The new H+-related, wide-ranging model can embrace, from a unique perspective, the many aspects of the disease and, at the same time, therapeutically interfere with most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer known to date. The pH-related armamentarium available for the treatment of BC reviewed here may be beneficial for all types and stages of the disease. In this vein, we have attempted a megasynthesis of traditional and new knowledge in the different areas of breast cancer research and treatment based upon the wide-ranging approach afforded by the hydrogen ion dynamics of cancer. The concerted utilization of the pH-related drugs that are available nowadays for the treatment of breast cancer is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia and Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL 33617, USA;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Being originally discovered as cellular recycling bins, lysosomes are today recognized as versatile signaling organelles that control a wide range of cellular functions that are essential not only for the well-being of normal cells but also for malignant transformation and cancer progression. In addition to their core functions in waste disposal and recycling of macromolecules and energy, lysosomes serve as an indispensable support system for malignant phenotype by promoting cell growth, cytoprotective autophagy, drug resistance, pH homeostasis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic integrity. On the other hand, malignant transformation reduces the stability of lysosomal membranes rendering cancer cells sensitive to lysosome-dependent cell death. Notably, many clinically approved cationic amphiphilic drugs widely used for the treatment of other diseases accumulate in lysosomes, interfere with their cancer-promoting and cancer-supporting functions and destabilize their membranes thereby opening intriguing possibilities for cancer therapy. Here, we review the emerging evidence that supports the supplementation of current cancer therapies with lysosome-targeting cationic amphiphilic drugs.
Collapse
|