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Wu Y, Yang Y, Qin X, Zhang Z, Ullah M, Li Y, Zhang Z. Unfolded proteins in the mitochondria activate HRI and inhibit mitochondrial protein translation. Cell Signal 2024; 123:111353. [PMID: 39168261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is triggered through eIF2α phosphorylation in mammals. However, the mechanisms of UPRmt activation and the influence of eIF2α phosphorylation on mitochondrial protein translation remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that the UPRmt is a rapid and specific stress response that occurs through pharmacological induction of eIF2α phosphorylation, along with the phosphorylation of eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Moreover, with the upregulation of the expression of some chaperones, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and DDIT4, as determined by RNA-Seq and ribosome profiling, eIF2α phosphorylation was found to be essential for the expression of ATF4 and CHOP, after which ATF4 trafficked into the nucleus and initiated CHOP expression. In addition, the generation of ROS and mitochondrial morphology were not affected by the GTPP-induced UPRmt. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism by which HRI kinase-mediated UPRmt is induced by mitochondrial unfolded proteins via CRISPR-Cas9 technology, mitochondrial recruitment of HRI and interaction with other proteins. Moreover, we confirmed that mitochondrial protein translation and mitochondrial protein import were inhibited through eIF2α phosphorylation with the accumulation of unfolded mitochondrial proteins. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of the UPRmt and its impact on cellular protein translation, which will offer novel insights into the functions of the UPRmt, including its implications for human disease and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine/Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology/Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management/China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Munib Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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2
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Li R, Qin T, Guo Y, Zhang S, Guo X. CEAM is a mitochondrial-localized, amyloid-like motif-containing microprotein expressed in human cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150737. [PMID: 39388734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Microproteins synthesized through non-canonical translation pathways are frequently found within mitochondria. However, the functional significance of these mitochondria-localized microproteins in energy-intensive organs such as the heart remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the long non-coding RNA CD63-AS1 encodes a mitochondrial microprotein. Notably, in ribosome profiling data of human hearts, there is a positive correlation between the expression of CD63-AS1 and genes associated with cardiomyopathy. We have termed this microprotein CEAM (CD63-AS1 encoded amyloid-like motif containing microprotein), reflecting its sequence characteristics. Our biochemical assays show that CEAM forms protease-resistant aggregates within mitochondria, whereas deletion of the amyloid-like motif transforms CEAM into a soluble cytosolic protein. Overexpression of CEAM triggers mitochondrial stress responses and adversely affect mitochondrial bioenergetics in cultured cardiomyocytes. In turn, the expression of CEAM is reciprocally inhibited by the activation of mitochondrial stresses induced by oligomycin. When expressed in mouse hearts via adeno-associated virus, CEAM impairs cardiac function. However, under conditions of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, CEAM expression appears to offer a protective benefit and mitigates the expression of genes associated with cardiac remodeling, presumably through a mechanism that suppresses stress-induced translation reprogramming. Collectively, our study uncovers a hitherto unexplored amyloid-like microprotein expressed in the human cardiomyocytes, offering novel insights into myocardial hypertrophy pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Li
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ti Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yabo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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3
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Fan X, Tang Y, Wei Z, Shi F, Cui Y, Li Q. Mitochondrial dysfunction and NDUFS3: Insights from a PINK1 B9 Drosophila model in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2024; 839:137917. [PMID: 39102941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PTEN-induced kinase1 (PINK1) mutation is the main cause of autosomal recessive inheritance and early-onset Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (CI) functional impairment has been considered to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD in recent years. In addition, NDUFS3 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deoxylase iron-thionein 3) is one of the core subunits of mitochondrial CI. Therefore, this study explored the role of NDUFS3 gene in PINK1B9 transgenic Drosophila and its possible related mechanisms. In this study, the PD transgenic Drosophila model of MHC-Gal4/UAS system was selected to specifically activate the expression of PINK1B9 gene in the chest muscle tissue of Drosophila melanogaster. NDUFS3 RNAi interference was used to interfere with PINK1B9 transgenic Drosophila melanogaster and its effect on PD transgenic flies was studied. The results suggest that down-regulation of NDUFS3 gene expression may have a protective effect on PINK1B9 transgenic Drosophila melanogaster, and we speculate that down-regulation of NDUFS3 gene expression to reduce oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function may be related to mitochondrial stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yafang Tang
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Zaiwa Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Immunity and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yilei Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
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4
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Tan K. A bird's eye view of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in cancer: mechanisms, progression and further applications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:667. [PMID: 39261452 PMCID: PMC11390889 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that play critical roles in energy metabolism, apoptosis and various cellular processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria are also involved in cancer development and progression. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a complex cellular process that is activated when the protein-folding capacity of the mitochondria is overwhelmed. The core machinery of UPRmt includes upstream regulatory factors, mitochondrial chaperones and proteases. These components work together to eliminate misfolded proteins, increase protein-folding capacity, and restore mitochondrial function. Recent studies have shown that UPRmt is dysregulated in various cancers and contributes to tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Considering the pivotal role of the UPRmt in oncogenesis, numerous compounds and synthetic drugs targeting UPRmt-related components induce cancer cell death and suppress tumor growth. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of UPRmt activation in C. elegans and mammals and elucidate the conceptual framework, functional aspects, and implications of the UPRmt for cancer therapy. In summary, we paint a developmental landscape of the UPRmt in different types of cancer and offer valuable insights for the development of novel cancer treatment strategies by targeting the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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5
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Carneiro FS, Katashima CK, Dodge JD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER. Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13791. [PMID: 38880974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPRmt signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent findings regarding UPRmt signaling during obesity, bringing an overview of UPRmt across different metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Dodge
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cheng R, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Ismail M, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Proteasome activity inhibition mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-apoptosis in triptolide/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:60. [PMID: 39073694 PMCID: PMC11286718 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is a major active and toxic composition of the Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF), exhibiting various therapeutic bioactivities. Among the toxic effects, the hepatotoxicity of TP deserves serious attention. Previously, our research group proposed a new view of TP-related hepatotoxicity: hepatic hypersensitivity under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, the mechanism of TP/LPS-induced hepatic hypersensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying TP/LPS-induced hypersensitivity from the perspective of the inhibition of proteasome activity, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptosis, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a common ROS inhibitor, decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, which are associated with FLIP enhancement. Moreover, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was able to alleviate TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing ERS-related apoptosis protein expression (GRP78, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) and ROS levels, with ATF4 being an indispensable mediator. In addition, the proteasome activity inhibitor MG-132 further aggravated ERS-related apoptosis, which indicated that the inhibition of proteasome activity also plays an important role in TP/LPS-related liver injuries. In summary, we propose that TP/LPS may upregulate the activation of ERS-associated apoptosis by inhibiting proteasome activity and enhancing ROS production through ATF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Cheng
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mohammed Ismail
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Takahashi N, Kimura AP, Yoshizaki T, Ohmura K. Imeglimin modulates mitochondria biology and facilitates mitokine secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Life Sci 2024; 349:122735. [PMID: 38768776 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Imeglimin, a novel antidiabetic drug, has recently been reported to affect pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in systemic metabolism. However, its effect on adipocytes remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the effects of imeglimin on adipocytes, particularly in the mitochondria. MAIN METHODS The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with imeglimin. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity and NAD+, NADH, and AMP levels were measured. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting, mitochondrial DNA and mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and secreted adipocytokine and mitokine levels were determined using adipokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS Imeglimin inhibited complex I activity, decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio, and increased AMP levels, which were associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, imeglimin increased the mitochondrial DNA content and levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α mRNA, which were abolished by Ly294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, imeglimin facilitated the expression levels of markers of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and the gene expression and secretion of two mitokines, fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15. The production of both mitokines was transcriptionally regulated and abolished by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE Imeglimin modulates mitochondrial biology in adipocytes and may exert a mitohormetic effect through mitokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan.
| | - Atsushi P Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohmura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan
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8
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Ju W, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Zhao S, Xiang S, Lian F. Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian aging and potential interventions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361289. [PMID: 38694941 PMCID: PMC11061492 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria plays an essential role in regulating cellular metabolic homeostasis, proliferation/differentiation, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in many age-related pathologies. Evidence supports that the dysfunction of mitochondria and the decline of mitochondrial DNA copy number negatively affect ovarian aging. However, the mechanism of ovarian aging is still unclear. Treatment methods, including antioxidant applications, mitochondrial transplantation, emerging biomaterials, and advanced technologies, are being used to improve mitochondrial function and restore oocyte quality. This article reviews key evidence and research updates on mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of ovarian aging, emphasizing that mitochondrial damage may accelerate and lead to cellular senescence and ovarian aging, as well as exploring potential methods for using mitochondrial mechanisms to slow down aging and improve oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Ju
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuewen Zhao
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Xiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Lian
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang Y, Zhou JB, Yin Y, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Multifaceted roles of t6A biogenesis in efficiency and fidelity of mitochondrial gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3213-3233. [PMID: 38227555 PMCID: PMC11014344 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
N 6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine at A37 (t6A37) of ANN-decoding transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is a universal modification whose functions have been well documented in bacteria and lower eukaryotes; however, its role in organellar translation is not completely understood. In this study, we deleted the mitochondrial t6A37-modifying enzyme OSGEPL1 in HEK293T cells. OSGEPL1 is dispensable for cell viability. t6A37 hypomodification selectively stimulated N1-methyladenosine at A9 (m1A9) and N2-methylguanosine at G10 (m2G10) modifications and caused a substantial reduction in the aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAThr and tRNALys, resulting in impaired translation efficiency. Multiple types of amino acid misincorporation due to the misreading of near-cognate codons by t6A37-unmodified tRNAs were detected, indicating a triggered translational infidelity. Accordingly, the alterations in mitochondrial structure, function, and the activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response were observed. Mitochondrial function was efficiently restored by wild-type, but not by tRNA-binding-defective OSGEPL1. Lastly, in Osgepl1 deletion mice, disruption to mitochondrial translation was evident but resulted in no observable deficiency under physiological conditions in heart, which displays the highest Osgepl1 expression. Taken together, our data delineate the multifaceted roles of mitochondrial t6A37 modification in translation efficiency and quality control in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Guo L, Yang J, Yuan W, Li C, Li H, Yang Y, Xue R, Yan K. Baicalein ameliorated obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response through NRF2 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155441. [PMID: 38394729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is the first line of defense against mitochondrial dysfunction in several diseases. Baicalein, which is an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots, exerts mitoprotective effects on metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether baicalein alleviates obesity-induced cardiac damage through the UPRmt. PURPOSE The present research designed to clarify the role of baicalein in lipotoxicity-induced myocardial apoptosis and investigated the UPRmt-related mechanism. METHODS In the in vitro experiment, palmitic acid (PA)-treated AC16 cardiomyocytes were established to mimic obesity-induced myocardial injury. After pretreatment of AC16 cells with baicalein, the levels of cell vitality, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and UPRmt-related proteins were determined. Additionally, AC16 cells were treated with ML385 or siRNA to explore the regulation of the UPRmt by NRF2 signaling. In the in vivo experiment, male db/db mice administered with baicalein for 8 weeks were used to validate the effects of baicalein on cardiac damage induced by obesity, the UPRmt, and the NRF2-related pathway. RESULTS In AC16 cardiomyocytes, PA dose-dependently increased the expression of UPRmt markers (HSP60, LONP1, ATF4, and ATF5). This increase was accompanied by enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated the expression levels of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl2, eventually leading to cell apoptosis. Baicalein treatment reversed UPRmt activation and mitochondrial damage and impeded mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis. Moreover, NRF2 downregulation by its inhibitor ML385 or siRNA diminished baicalein-mediated NRF2 signaling activation and UPRmt inhibition and triggered mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, NRF2 deficiency more intensely activated the UPRmt, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis of PA-induced cardiomyocytes, thus indicating that NRF2 plays a vital role in mitochondrial homeostasis regulation. In the in vivo study in db/db mice, baicalein inhibited the UPRmt, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and attenuated cardiac dysfunction through a NRF2-activated pathway. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, these results provide the first insight that baicalein inhibits the UPRmt to induce a protective effect against lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NRF2 signaling and suggest a new role of NRF2 in UPRmt regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Junle Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xi' an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Wenting Yuan
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chongyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Runqing Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China.
| | - Kangkang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China.
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11
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Lian X, Wang X, Xie Y, Sheng H, He J, Peng T, Xie N, Wang C, Lian Y. ATF5-regulated Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Attenuates Neuronal Damage in Epileptic Rat by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through Mitochondrial ROS. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:388-401. [PMID: 37847329 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction caused by excessive ER stress is a crucial mechanism underlying seizures-induced neuronal injury. Studies have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to ER stress, and our previous study showed that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5)-regulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) modulated mitochondrial ROS generation in a hippocampal neuronal culture model of seizures. However, the effects of ATF5-regulated mtUPR on ER stress and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain in epilepsy. In this study, ATF5 upregulation by lentivirus infection attenuated seizures-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, whereas ATF5 downregulation by lentivirus infection had the opposite effects. ATF5 upregulation potentiated mtUPR by increasing the expression of mitochondrial chaperone heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) and reducing mitochondrial ROS generation in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Additionally, upregulation of ATF5 reduced the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting suppression of ER stress; Moreover, ATF5 upregulation attenuated apoptosis-related proteins such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) downregulation, BCL2-associated X (BAX) and cleaved-caspase-3 upregulation. However, ATF5 downregulation exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, pretreatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO attenuated the harmful effects of ATF5 downregulation on ER stress and neuronal apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial ROS generation. Overall, our study suggested that ATF5-regulated mtUPR exerted neuroprotective effects against pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats and the underlying mechanisms might involve mitochondrial ROS-mediated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Institutes of Biological and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hanqing Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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12
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Li AL, Lian L, Chen XN, Cai WH, Fan XB, Fan YJ, Li TT, Xie YY, Zhang JP. The role of mitochondria in myocardial damage caused by energy metabolism disorders: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:236-251. [PMID: 37567516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial damage is the most serious pathological consequence of cardiovascular diseases and an important reason for their high mortality. In recent years, because of the high prevalence of systemic energy metabolism disorders (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome), complications of myocardial damage caused by these disorders have attracted widespread attention. Energy metabolism disorders are independent of traditional injury-related risk factors, such as ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, and infection. An imbalance of myocardial metabolic flexibility and myocardial energy depletion are usually the initial changes of myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders, and abnormal morphology and functional destruction of the mitochondria are their important features. Specifically, mitochondria are the centers of energy metabolism, and recent evidence has shown that decreased mitochondrial function, caused by an imbalance in mitochondrial quality control, may play a key role in myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders. Under chronic energy stress, mitochondria undergo pathological fission, while mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and biogenesis are inhibited, and mitochondrial protein balance and transfer are disturbed, resulting in the accumulation of nonfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Consequently, damaged mitochondria lead to myocardial energy depletion and the accumulation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, further aggravating the imbalance in mitochondrial quality control and forming a vicious cycle. In addition, impaired mitochondria coordinate calcium homeostasis imbalance, and epigenetic alterations participate in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. These pathological changes induce rapid progression of myocardial damage, eventually leading to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. To intervene more specifically in the myocardial damage caused by metabolic disorders, we need to understand the specific role of mitochondria in this context in detail. Accordingly, promising therapeutic strategies have been proposed. We also summarize the existing therapeutic strategies to provide a reference for clinical treatment and developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Lin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Nong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Biao Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ya-Jie Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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Sayles NM, Napierala JS, Anrather J, Diedhiou N, Li J, Napierala M, Puccio H, Manfredi G. Comparative multi-omic analyses of cardiac mitochondrial stress in three mouse models of frataxin deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050114. [PMID: 37691621 PMCID: PMC10581388 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is often fatal in Friedreich ataxia (FA). However, FA hearts maintain adequate function until advanced disease stages, suggesting initial adaptation to the loss of frataxin (FXN). Conditional cardiac knockout mouse models of FXN show transcriptional and metabolic profiles of the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt), which could play an adaptive role. However, the ISRmt has not been investigated in models with disease-relevant, partial decrease in FXN. We characterized the heart transcriptomes and metabolomes of three mouse models with varying degrees of FXN depletion: YG8-800, KIKO-700 and FXNG127V. Few metabolites were changed in YG8-800 mice, which did not provide a signature of cardiomyopathy or ISRmt; several metabolites were altered in FXNG127V and KIKO-700 hearts. Transcriptional changes were found in all models, but differentially expressed genes consistent with cardiomyopathy and ISRmt were only identified in FXNG127V hearts. However, these changes were surprisingly mild even at advanced age (18 months), despite a severe decrease in FXN levels to 1% of those of wild type. These findings indicate that the mouse heart has low reliance on FXN, highlighting the difficulty in modeling genetically relevant FA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sayles
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Will Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jill S. Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nadège Diedhiou
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/Université de Strasbourg UMR7104, Inserm U1258, B. P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jixue Li
- Department of Neurology, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/Université de Strasbourg UMR7104, Inserm U1258, B. P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
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14
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Wang J, Luo LZ, Liang DM, Guo C, Huang ZH, Jian XH, Wen J. Recent progress in understanding mitokines as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5416-5429. [PMID: 37637689 PMCID: PMC10450380 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and the leading contributor to cancer-related deaths. The progression and metastasis of HCC are closely associated with altered mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial stress response. Mitokines, soluble proteins produced and secreted in response to mitochondrial stress, play an essential immunomodulatory role. Immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial treatment option for HCC. However, a positive response to therapy is typically dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of mitokines in HCC is essential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the association between HCC and the immune microenvironment and highlights recent progress in understanding the involvement of mitochondrial function in preserving liver function. In addition, a systematic review of mitokines-mediated immunomodulation in HCC is presented. Finally, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles of mitokines in HCC are prospected and summarized. Recent progress in mitokine research represents a new prospect for mitochondrial therapy. Considering the potential of mitokines to regulate immune function, investigating them as a relevant molecular target holds great promise for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Luo
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dao-Miao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jian
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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16
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Ye MP, Lu WL, Rao QF, Li MJ, Hong HQ, Yang XY, Liu H, Kong JL, Guan RX, Huang Y, Hu QH, Wu FR. Mitochondrial stress induces hepatic stellate cell activation in response to the ATF4/TRIB3 pathway stimulation. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:668-681. [PMID: 37150773 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the key step in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, which directly leads to fibrotic pathological changes in the hepatic tissue. Mitochondrial stress exacerbates inflammatory diseases by inducing pathogenic shifts in normal cells. However, the role of mitochondrial stress in HSC activation remains to be elucidated. METHODS: We analyzed the effect of mitochondrial stress on HSC activation. An in vivo hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 12 weeks. Additionally, using in vitro approach, HSC-T6 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) for 24 h. RESULTS Transcriptional activator 4 (ATF4) is highly expressed in fibrotic liver tissue samples and activated HSCs. We found that AAV8-shRNA-Atf4 alleviated liver fibrosis in rats. ATF4 promoted the activation of HSCs, which was induced by mitochondrial stress. The mechanisms involved ATF4 binding to a specific region of the tribble homologue 3 (TRIB3) promoter. Further, TRIB3 promoted HSCs activation mediated by mitochondrial stress. CONCLUSIONS ATF4 induces mitochondrial stress by upregulating TRIB3, leading to the activation of HSCs. Therefore, the inhibition of ATF4 during mitochondrial stress may be a promising therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ping Ye
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Fan Rao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qin Hong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Kong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Xue Guan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan-Rong Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ulaganathan T, Perales S, Mani S, Baskhairoun BA, Rajasingh J. Pathological implications of cellular stress in cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 158:106397. [PMID: 36931385 PMCID: PMC10124590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress has been a key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Major types of cellular stress such as mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and replicative stress have been implicated in clinical complications of cardiac patients. The heart is the central regulator of the body by supplying oxygenated blood throughout the system. Impairment of cellular function could lead to heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia, and even stroke. Understanding the effect of these distinct types of cellular stress on cardiac function is crucial for the scientific community to understand and develop novel therapeutic approaches. This review will comprehensively explain the different mechanisms of cellular stress and the most recent findings related to stress-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thennavan Ulaganathan
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India
| | - Selene Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Saiprahalad Mani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India
| | - Boula A Baskhairoun
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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18
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Pu S, Pan Y, Zhang Q, You T, Yue T, Zhang Y, Wang M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Stress in Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073160. [PMID: 37049925 PMCID: PMC10095764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a widespread and harmful disease closely linked to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Globally, severe drug-induced hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are the primary causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of DILI is ERS and changes in mitochondrial morphology and function, which increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a vicious cycle of mutually reinforcing stress responses. Several pathways are maladapted to maintain homeostasis during DILI. Here, we discuss the processes of liver injury caused by several types of drugs that induce hepatocyte stress, focusing primarily on DILI by ERS and mitochondrial stress. Importantly, both ERS and mitochondrial stress are mediated by the overproduction of ROS, destruction of Ca2+ homeostasis, and unfolded protein response (UPR). Additionally, we review new pathways and potential pharmacological targets for DILI to highlight new possibilities for DILI treatment and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ting You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Man Y, Liu Y, Xiong C, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Non-Lethal Concentrations of CdCl 2 Cause Marked Alternations in Cellular Stress Responses within Exposed Sertoli Cell Line. TOXICS 2023; 11:167. [PMID: 36851042 PMCID: PMC9962571 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a component of ambient metal pollution, which is linked to diverse health issues globally, including male reproductive impairment. Assessments of the acute effects of cadmium on male reproduction systems, such as testes, tend to be based on frank adverse effects, with particular molecular pathways also involved. The relationship between cytotoxicity potential and cellular stress response has been suggested to be one of the many possible drivers of the acute effects of cadmium, but the link remains uncertain. In consequence, there is still much to be learned about the cellular stress response induced by a non-lethal concentration of cadmium in male reproductive cells. The present study used temporal assays to evaluate cellular stress response upon exposure to non-lethal concentrations of Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the Sertoli cell line (TM4). The data showed alternations in the expression of genes intimated involved in various cellular stress responses, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, endoplasmic unfolded protein stress (UPRmt), endoplasmic dynamics, Nrf2-related antioxidative response, autophagy, and metallothionein (MT) expression. Furthermore, these cellular responses interacted and were tightly related to oxidative stress. Thus, the non-lethal concentration of cadmium perturbed the homeostasis of the Sertoli cell line by inducing pleiotropic cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Man
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
- Center of Scientific Research and Experiment, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473006, China
| | - Yunhao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chuanzhen Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
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Wang X, Yu X, Li Y, Liu F, Du L, Xie N, Wang C. ATF5 Attenuates Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons with Seizures Evoked by Mg 2+-Free Medium via Regulating Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:62-71. [PMID: 35939173 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-a stress response pathway for maintaining protein homeostasis-is critical in seizures-induced neuronal injury. The activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) regulates mtUPR; however, whether ATF5-regulated mtUPR has a role in neuronal injury in epilepsy remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the effects of ATF5-regulated mtUPR on neuronal injury in hippocampal neurons with seizures evoked by Mg2+-free medium. HSP60 and ClpP, key proteins of mtUPR, were upregulated, indicating mtUPR activation. ATF5 overexpression by lentiviral vector infection potentiated mtUPR, whereas ATF5 downregulation by lentiviral vector infection attenuated this response. Moreover, ATF5 overexpression elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting that ATF5 overexpression protected mitochondrial homeostasis, while ATF5 downregulation had the opposite effect. ATF5 overexpression also reversed Bcl2 downregulation and Bax upregulation and attenuated seizures-induced neuronal apoptosis, while ATF5 downregulation aggravated the injury. Our study demonstrates that ATF5 attenuates seizures-induced neuronal injury, possibly by regulating mtUPR pathways, to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liyuan Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Sun GW, Ding TY, Wang M, Hu CL, Gu JJ, Li J, Qiu T. Honokiol Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inhibits Apoptosis of Nerve Cells in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2464-2472. [PMID: 36508141 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects and underlying mechanism of honokiol (HNK) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). A rat TBI model was constructed using the modified Feeney free-fall percussion method and treatment with HNK via intraperitoneal injection. The brain tissues of the rats in each group were assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect the level of neuronal apoptosis. Western blots were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), and ELISAs were used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) and the activity of caspase-1. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) were also measured. Western blots and qRT-PCRs were used to determine the relative expression levels of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)-related proteins and mRNAs. Based on the experimental results, treatment with HNK was associated with a decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated Bax expression levels, elevated Bcl-2 expression levels, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue of TBI rats. HNK also suppressed neuroinflammation by decreasing IL-1β and IL-18 levels and caspase-1 activity. Additionally, HNK lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels, increased ATP levels, and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in neural cells. Furthermore, in the investigation of the mechanism of HNK on TBI, we observed that HNK could activate UPRmt by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of HSPA9, CLPP, and HSP60 in the brain tissues of TBI rats. Collectively, HNK reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the apoptosis of nerve cells, and attenuated inflammation in the brains of TBI rats. The protective effect of HNK may be achieved through the activation of UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ding
- Department of Imaging, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Long Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China.
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The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response: A Novel Protective Pathway Targeting Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6430342. [PMID: 36187338 PMCID: PMC9519344 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6430342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein homeostasis in cardiomyocyte injury determines not only the normal operation of mitochondrial function but also the fate of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Studies of mitochondrial protein homeostasis have become an integral part of cardiovascular disease research. Modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a protective factor for cardiomyocyte mitochondria, may in the future become an important treatment strategy for myocardial protection in cardiovascular disease. However, because of insufficient understanding of the UPRmt and inadequate elucidation of relevant mechanisms, few therapeutic drugs targeting the UPRmt have been developed. The UPRmt maintains a series of chaperone proteins and proteases and is activated when misfolded proteins accumulate in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial injury leads to metabolic dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. This paper reviews the relationship of the UPRmt and mitochondrial quality monitoring with cardiomyocyte protection. This review mainly introduces the regulatory mechanisms of the UPRmt elucidated in recent years and the relationship between the UPRmt and mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion/fission, mitochondrial biosynthesis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism homeostasis in order to generate new ideas for the study of the mitochondrial protein homeostasis mechanisms as well as to provide a reference for the targeted drug treatment of imbalances in mitochondrial protein homeostasis following cardiomyocyte injury.
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23
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Mucke HA. Patent Highlights April - May 2022. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:139-145. [PMID: 36052651 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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Bai Y, Wu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Ma J. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: new insights into mechanisms and implications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:33-51. [PMID: 35951200 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction is timely restoration of the blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart. Although reperfusion is essential for reestablishing oxygen and nutrient supplies, it often leads to additional myocardial damage, creating an important clinical dilemma. Reports from long-term studies have confirmed that mitochondrial damage is the critical mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are dynamic and possess a quality control system that targets mitochondrial quantity and quality by modifying mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and biogenesis and protein homeostasis to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. The system of mitochondrial quality control involves complex molecular machinery that is highly interconnected and associated with pathological changes such as oxidative stress, calcium overload, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because of the critical role of the mitochondrial quality control systems, many reports have suggested that defects in this system are among the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial reperfusion injury. In this review, we briefly summarize the important role of the mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte function and focus on the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Suárez-Rivero JM, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Reche-López D, Cilleros-Holgado P, Piñero-Pérez R, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Activation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response: A New Therapeutic Target? Biomedicines 2022; 10:1611. [PMID: 35884915 PMCID: PMC9313171 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key hub that is common to many diseases. Mitochondria's role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, and ROS balance makes them essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most mitochondrial and related diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), are being examined. UPRmt englobes several compensation processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant mechanisms. UPRmt activation, through an hormetic response, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease conditions in biological models of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopathies, and mitochondrial diseases. Although UPRmt activation is a promising therapeutic option for many conditions, its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations or cancer progression in oncologic patients. In this review, we present the most recent UPRmt activation therapeutic strategies, UPRmt's role in diseases, and its possible negative consequences in particular pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Carmen J. Pastor-Maldonado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
| | - José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.S.-R.); (C.J.P.-M.); (S.P.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.V.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.R.-L.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Wang Q, Li H, Zhang G, Chen X, Wang X. Itaconate prolongs the healthy lifespan by activating UPR mt in Caenorhabditis elegans. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174951. [PMID: 35405114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Itaconate (ItA), a byproduct of the Krebs cycle, has recently emerged as an anti-inflammatory metabolite for inhibiting the overactive immune response. In addition to its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects, ItA may have other therapeutic avenues. Herein, the effect of ItA on aging was explored in order to better establish the therapeutic potential of this promising metabolite. ItA extended the lifespan and enhanced the stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), even at the doses of 0.01 and 0.1 μM. Moreover, the lifespan extension effect of ItA was pronounced even for the aged worms (days 7 and 9 post adult stage). Furthermore, ItA was found to extend the healthy longevity of C. elegans in a mitochondria-dependent manner. ItA protected the mitochondrial integrity, increased ATP content, and decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans. Mechanistic investigations showed that ItA specifically activated the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in worms and significantly increased the expression of activating transcription factor associated with stress-1 (ATFS-1) that senses mitochondrial stress and communicates with the nucleus during the UPRmt. ItA extended the lifespan of C. elegans in an ATFS-1-dependent manner. In summary, this study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which ItA extends the healthy lifespan and highlights the importance of mitochondrial integrity in the intervention of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Gangwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Humanities and information, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Wang G, Fan Y, Cao P, Tan K. Insight into the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35180892 PMCID: PMC8857832 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved protective transcriptional response that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis by inducing the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases in response to various stresses. The UPRmt-mediated transcriptional program requires the participation of various upstream signaling pathways and molecules. The factors regulating the UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and mammals are both similar and different. Cancer cells, as malignant cells with uncontrolled proliferation, are exposed to various challenges from endogenous and exogenous stresses. Therefore, in cancer cells, the UPRmt is hijacked and exploited for the repair of mitochondria and the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we systematically introduce the inducers of UPRmt, the biological processes in which UPRmt participates, the mechanisms regulating the UPRmt in C. elegans and mammals, cross-tissue signal transduction of the UPRmt and the roles of the UPRmt in promoting cancer initiation and progression. Disrupting proteostasis in cancer cells by targeting UPRmt constitutes a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.
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Rai R, Kennedy AL, Isingizwe ZR, Javadian P, Benbrook DM. Similarities and Differences of Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and Mortalin as Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112996. [PMID: 34831218 PMCID: PMC8616428 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upregulation of Heath Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) chaperones supports cancer cell survival. Their high homology causes a challenge to differentiate them in experimental or prevention and treatment strategies. The objective of this investigation was to determine similarities and differences of Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and Mortalin members of the HSP70 family encoded by HSPA1, HSPA8, HSPA5 and HSPA9 genes, respectively. Methods: Literature reviews were conducted using HSPA1, HSPA5, HSPA8 and HSPA9 gene or protein names or synonyms combined with biological or cancer-relevant terms. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify and compare profiles of proteins that directly bind individual chaperones and their associated pathways. TCGA data was probed to identify associations of hsc70 with cancer patient survival. ClinicalTrials.gov was used to identify HSP70 family studies. Results: The chaperones have similar protein folding functions. Their different cellular effects are determined by co-chaperones and client proteins combined with their intra- and extra-cellular localizations. Their upregulation is associated with worse patient prognosis in multiple cancers and can stimulate tumor immune responses or drug resistance. Their inhibition selectively kills cancer over healthy cells. Conclusions: Differences in Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and mortalin provide opportunities to calibrate HSP70 inhibitors for individual cancers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Amy L. Kennedy
- Pathology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Zitha Redempta Isingizwe
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Pouya Javadian
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
- Pathology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-5523
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Xie B, Song X. The impaired unfolded protein-premelanosome protein and transient receptor potential channels-autophagy axes in apoptotic melanocytes in vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 35:6-17. [PMID: 34333860 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease, characterized by depigmentation and epidermal melanocytes loss. The specific mechanisms underlying vitiligo have not been fully understood. As a result, treating vitiligo is a dermatological challenge. Recently, much attention has been paid to the dysfunction and interaction of organelles under environmental stress. The impaired organelles could generate misfolded proteins, particularly accumulated toxic premelanosome protein (PMEL) amyloid oligomers, activating the autoimmune system and cause melanocyte damage. Unfolded protein response (UPR) dysfunction accelerates toxic PMEL accumulation. Herein, we presented a narrative review on UPR's role in vitiligo, the misfolded PMEL-induced attack of the autoimmune system under autophagy dysfunction caused by abnormal activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the background of UPR system defects in melanocytes. All of these mechanisms were integrated to form UPR/PMEL-TRP channels/autophagy axis, providing a new understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Departement of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Departement of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li Y, Yu J, Zhang P, Long T, Mo Y, Li J, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma reesei reveals different gene regulatory networks induced by synthetic mixtures of glucose and β-disaccharide. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:57. [PMID: 38650287 PMCID: PMC10991369 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mixture of glucose and β-disaccharide (MGD) synthesized by transglycosylation of glucose as a low-cost soluble carbon source can efficiently induce cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei, which holds potential for the biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass. However, it is not yet fully understood how MGD induces T. reesei cellulase. In this study, transcriptomic analyses were conducted to investigate the molecular basis of MGD for lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production of T. reesei Rut C30 compared with that on lactose. Particular attention was paid to CAZymes, transcription factors, transporters and other protein processing pathways related to lignocellulose degradation. As a result, MGD can elicit transcription of GH5-, GH6- and GH7-encoding cellulases that is up to 1.4-fold higher than that induced by lactose, but GH11- and GH74-encoding xylanases are downregulated by 1.7- and 4.4-fold, respectively. Gene expression profiles suggest that the transcription activators xyr1 and vib1 are significantly upregulated and that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is strengthened compared to the case of lactose induction. In addition, hac1-encoding UPR-specific transcription factors are significantly upregulated by MGD, which may be enhanced due to proper folding and processing of nascent proteins. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the characterization of efficient cellulase production using MGD as an inducer in T. reesei and offer potential strategies for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jingze Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yi Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jianghong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Wang Y, Jasper H, Toan S, Muid D, Chang X, Zhou H. Mitophagy coordinates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response to attenuate inflammation-mediated myocardial injury. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102049. [PMID: 34174558 PMCID: PMC8246635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental challenge in septic cardiomyopathy. Mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) are the predominant stress-responsive and protective mechanisms involved in repairing damaged mitochondria. Although mitochondrial homeostasis requires the coordinated actions of mitophagy and UPRmt, their molecular basis and interactive actions are poorly understood in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Our investigations showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis contributed to cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial damage. Although both mitophagy and UPRmt were slightly activated by LPS in cardiomyocytes, their endogenous activation failed to prevent sepsis-mediated myocardial injury. However, administration of urolithin A, an inducer of mitophagy, obviously reduced sepsis-mediated cardiac depression by normalizing mitochondrial function. Interestingly, this beneficial action was undetectable in cardiomyocyte-specific FUNDC1 knockout (FUNDC1CKO) mice. Notably, supplementation with a mitophagy inducer had no impact on UPRmt, whereas genetic ablation of FUNDC1 significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to UPRmt in LPS-treated hearts. In contrast, enhancement of endogenous UPRmt through oligomycin administration reduced sepsis-mediated mitochondrial injury and myocardial dysfunction; this cardioprotective effect was imperceptible in FUNDC1CKO mice. Lastly, once UPRmt was inhibited, mitophagy-mediated protection of mitochondria and cardiomyocytes was partly blunted. Taken together, it is plausible that endogenous UPRmt and mitophagy are slightly activated by myocardial stress and they work together to sustain mitochondrial performance and cardiac function. Endogenous UPRmt, a downstream signal of mitophagy, played a compensatory role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in the case of mitophagy inhibition. Although UPRmt activation had no negative impact on mitophagy, UPRmt inhibition compromised the partial cardioprotective actions of mitophagy. This study shows how mitophagy modulates UPRmt to attenuate inflammation-related myocardial injury and suggests the potential application of mitophagy and UPRmt targeting in the treatment of myocardial stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental challenge in septic cardiomyopathy. LPS-induced sepsis contributes to cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial damage. Endogenous UPRmt and mitophagy could be slightly activated by myocardial stress. Mitophagy modulates UPRmt to attenuate inflammation-related myocardial injury. Mitophagy and UPRmt targeting can be applied in treatment of myocardial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Tarrant County College, TX, 76102, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - David Muid
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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