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Li W, Cheng X, Zhu G, Hu Y, Wang Y, Niu Y, Li H, Aierken A, Li J, Feng L, Liu G. A review of chemotherapeutic drugs-induced arrhythmia and potential intervention with traditional Chinese medicines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1340855. [PMID: 38572424 PMCID: PMC10987752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1340855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in chemotherapy drugs have reduced mortality in patients with malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity increases the morbidity and mortality of patients, and has become the second leading cause of death after tumor recurrence, which has received more and more attention in recent years. Arrhythmia is one of the common types of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and has become a new risk related to chemotherapy treatment, which seriously affects the therapeutic outcome in patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has experienced thousands of years of clinical practice in China, and has accumulated a wealth of medical theories and treatment formulas, which has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of malignant diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine may reduce the arrhythmic toxicity caused by chemotherapy without affecting the anti-cancer effect. This paper mainly discussed the types and pathogenesis of secondary chemotherapeutic drug-induced arrhythmia (CDIA), and summarized the studies on Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese medicine Combination Formula and Chinese medicine injection that may be beneficial in intervention with secondary CDIA including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia and sinus bradycardia, in order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Cheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yueyue Niu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aikeremu Aierken
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pawar VA, Srivastava S, Tyagi A, Tayal R, Shukla SK, Kumar V. Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Metabolism and Pathophysiology in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1041-1052. [PMID: 37458865 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis can wreak damage to metabolic and physiological processes which can eventually lead to an advancement in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key source of ROS. The purpose of the current review is to concisely discuss the role of bioactive compounds in the modulation of cardiovascular metabolism and their potential application in the management of cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it has been shown that bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory function by regulating inflammatory pathways and ROS homeostasis. It has also been reported that bioactive compounds regulate mitochondria dynamics, thus modulating the autophagy and energy metabolism in the cells. In the present article, we have discussed the roles of different bioactive compounds in the modulation of different inflammatory drivers. The functional properties of bioactive compounds in mitochondrial dynamics and its impact on cardiac disease protection have been briefly summarized. Furthermore, we have also discussed various aspects of bioactive compounds with respect to metabolism, immune modulation, circadian rhythm, and its impact on CVD's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajul Tayal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Agri-Food Waste from Apple, Pear, and Sugar Beet as a Source of Protective Bioactive Molecules for Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Major Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091786. [PMID: 36139860 PMCID: PMC9495678 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage is recognized as the initial step that precedes several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. It has been demonstrated that the best treatment for CVD is prevention, and, in the frame of a healthy lifestyle, the consumption of vegetables, rich in bioactive molecules, appears effective at reducing the risk of CVD. In this context, the large amount of agri-food industry waste, considered a global problem due to its environmental and economic impact, represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. This review provides a summary regarding the possible exploitation of waste or by-products derived by the processing of three traditional Italian crops-apple, pear, and sugar beet-as a source of bioactive molecules to protect endothelial function. Particular attention has been given to the bioactive chemical profile of these pomaces and their efficacy in various pathological conditions related to endothelial dysfunction. The waste matrices of apple, pear, and sugar beet crops can represent promising starting material for producing "upcycled" products with functional applications, such as the prevention of endothelial dysfunction linked to cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang P, Zhang J, Zhao L, Li S, Li K. Quercetin attenuates the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen and potentiates its chemotherapeutic effect against triple-negative breast cancer. Phytother Res 2021; 36:551-561. [PMID: 34951067 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin combined with cyclophosphamide (AC) is the most commonly used regimen for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) chemotherapy; however, its clinical application is severely limited by its serious adverse effect on cardiomyocytes. The cardiotoxicity of AC is mainly the result of oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, and it also involves multiple signaling pathways. Quercetin (Que) has been proven to possess strong antioxidant activity, and therefore we investigated whether it had potential protective effect against AC-induced cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, we also evaluated its effect on the antitumor activity of AC. Our in vitro studies showed that Que could attenuate AC-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ROS accumulation and activating ERK1/2 pathway in cardiomyocytes, but interestingly, Que could enhance the antitumor activity of AC by inhibiting ROS accumulation and ERK1/2 pathway in TNBC cells. In addition, our in vivo studies further confirmed that Que could enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of AC against TNBC while it reduced the injury of cardiotoxicity induced by AC. Therefore, Que could be used as a novel agent for the treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by AC regimen in TNBC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shizheng Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Abdelrahman RE, Khalaf AAA, Elhady MA, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI, Noshy PA. Quercetin ameliorates ochratoxin A-Induced immunotoxicity in broiler chickens by modulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109720. [PMID: 34717913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal secondary metabolite produced by certain species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, and exerts immunosuppressive effect on humans and animals. Quercetin (QUE) is one of the flavonoids produced as a plant-secondary metabolite. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of QUE against the immunotoxic hazard of OTA in broiler chickens. Forty one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly and equally allocated into four groups; control, OTA (0.5 mg/kg feed), QUE (0.5 g/kg feed) and OTA + QUE (0.5 mg/kg OTA + 0.5 g/kg QUE). The results revealed that dietary OTA induced a significant decrease in the antibody response to Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccination and in the lymphoproliferative response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). Ochratoxin A also induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus tissues of chickens as demonstrated by decreased CAT and GSH levels and increased TBARS content. In addition, administration of OTA resulted in apoptosis, which was evident by the increased expression level of PTEN, Bax and Caspase-3 genes and decreased expression level of PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, exposure to OTA resulted in various pathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus of chickens. On the other hand, administration of QUE ameliorated most of the immunotoxic effects of OTAby its immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Taken together, the results suggested that QUE potentially alleviated the OTA-induced immunotoxicity in broiler chickens, probably through amelioration of oxidative stress and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Yousefian M, Hosseinzadeh H, Hayes AW, Hadizadeh F, Karimi G. The Protective Effect of Natural Compounds on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:351-359. [PMID: 34562089 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely prescribed for the treatment of several human cancers. Unfortunately, cumulative doses of DOX are the main cause of myocardial dysfunction. Although preclinical and pharmaceutical studies were performed to investigate the potential of natural compounds in minimizing DOX toxicity, a comprehensive review of them is not available. This review can help the researchers for an effective search strategy. KEY FINDINGS Oxidative stress and p53 play an important role in DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. DOX activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH oxidase (NOX) in the heart, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species that can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through phosphorylation of p53, DNA damage and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Although a few chemical drugs with high efficacy are administered along with DOX to prevent or more likely to reduce cardiovascular toxicity, their use is often limited by additional side effects. Recently, attention has been drawn to natural compounds that prevent DOX cardiotoxicity. This review focuses on some of the natural bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic efficacy against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). SUMMARY Some natural compounds, especially flavonols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, have the most protective effects against DIC by forming stable radicals and preventing the assembly of the NOX subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Yousefian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental/Occupational Risk Analysis & Management, University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FLUSA.,Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Khanbabapour Sasi A, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA. The impact of the phytotherapeutic agent quercetin on expression of genes and activity of signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111847. [PMID: 34198048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid existing in different herbs, fruits, seeds, nuts and tea. It has beneficial effects on human health through mediating antioxidant activities, immune-modulatory impacts and regulating metabolic pathways. These effects are most probably induced through modulation of activity of signaling pathways and expression of genes. Several in vitro studies have verified anti-proliferative effects of quercetin and its effect on expression of apoptotic genes and cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, through modulation of a number of proteins such as NF-kB, PARP, STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2, COX2, and cytokines, quercetin has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders, liver diseases and diabetes. PI3K/AKT is the mostly linked pathway with beneficial effects of quercetin. In the current manuscript, we explain the impact of quercetin on expression of genes and function of cellular signaling cascades in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Khanbabapour Sasi
- Biochemistry Group, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L, Harikrishnan H, Septama AW, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Dietary polyphenols suppress chronic inflammation by modulation of multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108634. [PMID: 33794330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high failure rate of the reductionist approach to discover effective and safe drugs to treat chronic inflammatory diseases has led scientists to seek alternative ways. Recently, targeting cell signaling pathways has been utilized as an innovative approach to discover drug leads from natural products. Cell signaling mechanisms have been identified playing key role in diverse diseases by inducing proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis. Phytochemicals are known to be able to modulate the cellular and molecular networks which are associated to chronic diseases including cancer-associated inflammation. In this review, the roles of dietary polyphenols (apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, curcumin, genistein, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol and gallic acid) in modulating multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling networks are deliberated. Scientific databases on suppressive effects of the polyphenols on chronic inflammation via modulation of the pathways especially in the recent five years are gathered and critically analyzed. The polyphenols are able to modulate several inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways, namely nuclear factor-kappa β, mitogen activated protein kinases, Wnt/β-catenin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B via selective actions on various components of the networks. The suppressive effects of the polyphenols on the multiple cell signaling pathways reveal their potential use in prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Understanding the mechanistic effects involved in modulation of the signaling pathways by the polyphenols is necessary for lead identification and development of future functional foods for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor
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Wang J, Liu J, Xie L, Cai X, Ma X, Gong J. Bisoprolol, a β 1 antagonist, protects myocardial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:708-720. [PMID: 32363697 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore whether bisoprolol plays a protective role in cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway. We pretreated male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with bisoprolol by oral administration prior to 0.5 h ischemia/4 h reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI and CK-MB were measured. In vitro, H9c2 cells were treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation, followed by measurement of cell viability, apoptosis, ROS production, cytometry, activities of AKT, GSK3β, and p-38 in the presence and absence of GSK3β siRNA. We found that bisoprolol reduced infarct size from 44% in I/R group to 31% in treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of cTnI and CK-MB were decreased from 286 ± 7 pg/mL and 32.2 ± 2 ng/mL in I/R group to 196 ± 2 pg/mL and 19.6 ± 0.9 ng/mL in the treated group, respectively (P < 0.05). Bisoprolol also increased cell viability while decreased apoptosis and ROS production in the treatment of hypoxia/ reoxygenation. Furthermore, bisoprolol increased AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, an effect that was immediately eliminated by LY294002. GSK3β-specific siRNA experiment further confirmed that bisoprolol protected the myocardium against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via suppressing GSK3β activity. In conclusion, bisoprolol protected myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Awasthi A. Enhancing the potential preclinical and clinical benefits of quercetin through novel drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:209-222. [PMID: 31707120 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is reported to have numerous pharmacological actions, including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The main mechanism responsible for its pharmacological activities is its ability to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, hence, decrease the oxidative stress responsible for the development of various diseases. Despite its proven therapeutic potential, the clinical use of quercetin remains limited because of its low aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and substantial first-pass metabolism. To overcome this, several novel formulations have been reported. In this review, we focus on the applications of quercetin extract as well as its novel formulations for treating different disorders. We also examine its proposed mechanism of action of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, Burton-Freeman B, Chen CYO, Crowe-White KM, Drewnowski A, Hooshmand S, Johnson E, Lewis R, Murray R, Shapses SA, Wang DD. Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2174-2211. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - C-y. Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Lewis
- Bone and Body Composition Laboratory, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Murray
- College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Nanoencapsulated Quercetin Improves Cardioprotection during Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury through Preservation of Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7683051. [PMID: 31341535 PMCID: PMC6612997 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7683051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effective delivery of antioxidants to the cells is hindered by their high metabolization rate. In this work, quercetin was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. They were characterized in terms of its physicochemical properties (particle size distribution, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, quercetin release and biological interactions with cardiac cells regarding nanoparticle association, and internalization and protective capability against relevant challenges). A better delivery of quercetin was achieved when encapsulated versus free. When the cells were challenged with antimycin A, it resulted in lower mitochondrial O2− (4.65- vs. 5.69- fold) and H2O2 rate production (1.15- vs. 1.73- fold). Similarly, under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, a better maintenance of cell viability was found (77 vs. 65%), as well as a reduction of thiol groups (~70 vs. 40%). Therefore, the delivery of encapsulated quercetin resulted in the preservation of mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis due to its improved oxidative stress suppression. The results point to the potential of this strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress-based cardiac diseases.
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cAMP-PKA dependent ERK1/2 activation is necessary for vanillic acid potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Luca SV, Macovei I, Bujor A, Miron A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Aprotosoaie AC, Trifan A. Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:626-659. [PMID: 30614249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic pathologies by modulating numerous physiological processes, such as cellular redox potential, enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and signaling transduction pathways. However, polyphenols have a low oral bioavailability mainly due to an extensive biotransformation mediated by phase I and phase II reactions in enterocytes and liver but also by gut microbiota. Despite low oral bioavailability, most polyphenols proved significant biological effects which brought into attention the low bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox. In recent years, polyphenol metabolites have attracted great interest as many of them showed similar or higher intrinsic biological effects in comparison to the parent compounds. There is a huge body of literature reporting on the biological functions of polyphenol metabolites generated by phase I and phase II metabolic reactions and gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation. In this respect, the review highlights the pharmacokinetic fate of the major dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, rutin, genistein, daidzein, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins) in order to further address the efficacy of biometabolites as compared to parent molecules. The present work strongly supports the contribution of metabolites to the health benefits of polyphenols, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by dietary polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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15
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Okoko T. Kolaviron and selenium reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations of the inflammatory response. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:485-490. [PMID: 30733764 PMCID: PMC6353656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of kolaviron and selenium (either separately or in combination) to prevent hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations in cell viability and activation were investigated. The cell line U937 was incubated with the antioxidants (i.e. kolaviron or selenium) for 24 h before exposure to hydrogen peroxide and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The U937 cells were also transformed to the macrophage form, incubated with the antioxidants before exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed as indices of macrophage activation. The myoblast cell line H9c2 was also incubated with Se and kolaviron for 24 h before exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed via MTT and DCHF assays. The results revealed that hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the viability of U937 cells which was ameliorated by kolaviron and selenium. Kolaviron and selenium also reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced secretion of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 by transformed U937 cells. Hydrogen peroxide also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the viability of H9c2 cells which was significantly restored by kolaviron. Though selenium had no effect on the proliferation of H9c2 cells, co-treatment with kolaviron significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations. Both kolaviron and selenium also reduced hydrogen peroxide-mediated ROS production by H9c2 cells. In all cases, the combined action of kolaviron and selenium offered greater amelioration of the hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations than their separate effects (p < 0.05) but may not be synergistic or additive.
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16
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Chen M, Wang X, Hu B, Zhou J, Wang X, Wei W, Zhou H. Ursolic acid stimulates UCP2 expression and protects H9c2 cells from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via p38 signaling. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Lee YJ, Beak SY, Choi I, Sung JS. Quercetin and its metabolites protect hepatocytes against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by activation of Nrf2 and AP-1. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:809-817. [PMID: 30263806 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver disease progresses due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation. Quercetin is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. We investigated whether 3'-O-methyl quercetin (3'MQ) and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3GA), two metabolites of quercetin, have protective effects against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell viability was increased by quercetin, 3'MQ, and Q3GA in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to ethanol. Our results show that this effect was mediated by diminished ROS generation, decreased lipid peroxidation and up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, down-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by ethanol was restored by quercetin, 3'MQ, and Q3GA through the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and activator protein-1, but not nuclear factor-kappa B. Overall results suggest that 3'MQ, Q3GA, and quercetin attenuate oxidative stress in hepatocytes exposed to ethanol by up-regulating HO-1 expression and can be used as therapeutic agents for ameliorating alcohol-induced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jung Lee
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Beak
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Hoseo-ro 79-20, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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18
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Olive compounds attenuate oxidative damage induced in HEK-293 cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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19
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Amani H, Ajami M, Nasseri Maleki S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Daglia M, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in human cancer by dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Biochimie 2017; 142:63-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Isaak CK, Petkau JC, Blewett H, O K, Siow YL. Lingonberry anthocyanins protect cardiac cells from oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:904-910. [PMID: 28384410 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lingonberry grown in northern Manitoba, Canada, contains exceptionally high levels of anthocyanins and other polyphenols. Previous studies from our lab have shown that lingonberry anthocyanins can protect H9c2 cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury and anthocyanin-rich diets have been shown to be associated with decreased cardiovascular disease and mortality. Oxidative stress can impair function and trigger apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This study investigated the protective effects of physiologically relevant doses of lingonberry extracts and pure anthocyanins against hydrogen-peroxide-induced cell death. Apoptosis and necrosis were detected in H9c2 cells after hydrogen peroxide treatment via flow cytometry using FLICA 660 caspase 3/7 combined with YO-PRO-1 and then confirmed with Hoechst staining and fluorescence microscopy. Each of the 3 major anthocyanins found in lingonberry (cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-arabinoside) was protective against hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells at 10 ng·mL-1 (20 nmol·L-1) and restored the number of viable cells to match the control group. A combination of the 3 anthocyanins was also protective and a lingonberry extract tested at 3 concentrations produced a dose-dependent protective effect. Lingonberry anthocyanins protected cardiac cells from oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis and may have cardioprotective effects as a dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara K Isaak
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Jay C Petkau
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Heather Blewett
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,d Department of Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,e Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Potential Protective Effects of Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Propolis against Acute Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Cardiac H9c2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7074147. [PMID: 28337227 PMCID: PMC5350327 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7074147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese propolis (CP) is known as a health food but its beneficial effects in protecting cardiomyocytes remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of CP and its active compounds on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced rats cardiomyocytes (H9c2) oxidative injury. Cell viability decreases induced by H2O2 were mitigated by different CP extracts using various solvents. From these active fractions, six active compounds were separated and identified. Among tested isolated compound, the cytoprotective activities of three caffeates, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), benzyl caffeate (BZC), and cinnamyl caffeate (CNC), exerted stronger effects than chrysin, pinobanksin, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (DMCA). These three caffeates also increased H9c2 cellular antioxidant potential, decreased intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) level, and prevented cell apoptosis. Overall, the cardiovascular protective effects of the CP might be attributed to its caffeates constituents (CAPE, BZC, and CNC) and provide evidence for its usage in complementary and alternative medicine.
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Yu BW, Li JL, Guo BB, Fan HM, Zhao WM, Wang HY. Chlorogenic acid analogues from Gynura nepalensis protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1413-1422. [PMID: 27593219 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chlorogenic acid has shown protective effect on cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced damage. Herein, we evaluated nine caffeoylquinic acid analogues (1-9) isolated from the leaves of Gynura nepalensis for their protective effect against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast damage and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were exposed to H2O2 (0.3 mmol/L) for 3 h, and cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. MMPs (mitochondrial membrane potentials) were measured using a JC-1 assay kit, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation was measured using CM-H2 DCFDA. The expression levels of relevant proteins were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Exposure to H2O2 markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells and catalase activity, and increased LDH release and intracellular ROS production; accompanied by a loss of MMP and increased apoptotic rate. Among the 9 chlorogenic acid analogues as well as the positive control drug epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) tested, compound 6 (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester) was the most effective in protecting H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced cell death. Pretreatment with compound 6 (1.56-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently alleviated all the H2O2-induced detrimental effects. Moreover, exposure to H2O2 significantly increased the levels of Bax, p53, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9, and decreased the level of Bcl-2, resulting in cell apoptosis. Exposure to H2O2 also significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and ERK in the H9c2 cells. Pretreatment with compound 6 (12.5 and 25 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the H2O2-induced increase in the level of cleaved caspase-9 but not of cleaved caspase-8. It also dose-dependently suppressed the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK but not that of p38. CONCLUSION Compound 6 isolated from the leaves of Gynura nepalensis potently protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced apoptosis, possibly by inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis and the ERK/JNK pathway.
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Ravishankar D, Corona G, Hogan SM, Spencer JP, Greco F, Osborn HM. Thioflavones as novel neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5513-5520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Co-delivery of doxorubicin and quercetin via mPEG–PLGA copolymer assembly for synergistic anti-tumor efficacy and reducing cardio-toxicity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Malaguti M, Angeloni C, Hrelia S. Nutraceutical Bioactive Compounds Promote Healthspan Counteracting Cardiovascular Diseases. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 34 Suppl 1:22-7. [PMID: 26400430 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the Western world. Multiple factors are involved in CVD, including genetic factors and modifiable factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking. CVD incidence and prevalence increase progressively with age, and it is estimated that over 80% of men and women older than 75 years have clinically manifest CVD. To reduce the gap between life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Lifestyle improvement appears to be the only sustainable approach to face the dramatic chronic-degenerative disease burden of an aging population. A healthy lifestyle, represented by avoiding smoking, following a healthy diet, and practicing physical activity, protects from chronic-degenerative disease onset and progression. A healthy dietetic approach specifically formulated for elderly people, with a defined pattern of nutraceutical bioactive compounds, may represent a key strategy to improve the aging process and increase the life span. This short review summarizes the biochemical mechanisms underpinning the cardiovascular protective effects of some nutraceutical compounds such as quercetin and sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malaguti
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , ITALY
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , ITALY
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , ITALY
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26
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Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect of Olea europea L. Leaves and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flower Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:318125. [PMID: 26180582 PMCID: PMC4477181 DOI: 10.1155/2015/318125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of an Olea europea L. leaf extract (OEE), of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract (HSE), and of their 13 : 2 w/w mixture in order to assess their cardiac and vascular activity. Both extracts were fully characterized in their bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The study was performed using primary vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of the extracts and their mixture and isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and aorta to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic activities and vasorelaxant properties. In cultured HUVECs, OEE and HSE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability, following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. OEE and HSE exerted negative inotropic and vasorelaxant effects without any chronotropic property. Interestingly, the mixture exerted higher cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the mixture exerted an inotropic effect similar to each single extract, while it revealed an intrinsic negative chronotropic activity different from the single extract; its relaxant activity was higher than that of each single extract. In conclusion OEE and HSE mixture has a good potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application, thanks to the synergistic effects of the single phytochemicals.
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27
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Balentine DA, Dwyer JT, Erdman JW, Ferruzzi MG, Gaine PC, Harnly JM, Kwik-Uribe CL. Recommendations on reporting requirements for flavonoids in research. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1113-25. [PMID: 25854881 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous observational and intervention-based human studies support the notion of a beneficial role for dietary flavonoids in human health. Despite these studies, it is not yet possible to make dietary recommendations with regard to the types and amounts of flavonoids to be consumed. The inherent diversity of flavonoid structure, chemistry, and natural distribution in foods lends itself to errors in reporting the types and/or amounts of flavonoids consumed, as well as incomplete recognition of requirements for intervention studies that aim to assess their benefits in a clinical setting. A need exists for guidelines that facilitate the design and reporting of flavonoid research. With a focus on clinical studies, this article 1) outlines limitations commonly encountered in the field of flavonoid research, including the inconsistent use of nomenclature, inappropriate analytic methods, inconsistent use of existing flavonoid databases, and the lack of full consideration in the design of test materials for intervention trials, and 2) provides guidance for future studies with a focus on clinical intervention trials. Adoption of this guidance will facilitate more accurate and interpretable research that will support the development of dietary recommendations regarding the intake of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Balentine
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - John W Erdman
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U).
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - P Courtney Gaine
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - James M Harnly
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
| | - Catherine L Kwik-Uribe
- From Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (DAB); Tufts University, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA (JTD); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL (JWE); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (MGF); The Sugar Association, Washington, DC (PCG); USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMH); and Mars, Incorporated, McLean, VA (CLK-U)
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Ilavenil S, Kim DH, Jeong YI, Arasu MV, Vijayakumar M, Prabhu PN, Srigopalram S, Choi KC. Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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29
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Komaravelli N, Kelley JP, Garofalo MP, Wu H, Casola A, Kolli D. Role of dietary antioxidants in human metapneumovirus infection. Virus Res 2015; 200:19-23. [PMID: 25645280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised hosts, for which no vaccine or treatment are currently available. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses represent important pathogenic mechanism(s) of hMPV infection. Here, we explored the potential protective role of dietary antioxidants in hMPV infection. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with resveratrol and quercetin during hMPV infection significantly reduced cellular oxidative damage, inflammatory mediator secretion and viral replication, without affecting viral gene transcription and protein synthesis, indicating that inhibition of viral replication occurred at the level of viral assembly and/or release. Modulation of proinflammatory mediator expression occurred through the inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 binding to their cognate site of endogenous gene promoters. Our results indicate the use of dietary antioxidants as an effective treatment approach for modulating hMPV induced lung oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Komaravelli
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - John P Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matteo P Garofalo
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Deepthi Kolli
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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30
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Daubney J, Bonner PL, Hargreaves AJ, Dickenson JM. Cardioprotective and cardiotoxic effects of quercetin and two of its in vivo metabolites on differentiated h9c2 cardiomyocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:96-109. [PMID: 25203460 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whilst mitotic rat embryonic cardiomyoblast-derived H9c2 cells have been widely used as a model system to study the protective mechanisms associated with flavonoids, they are not fully differentiated cardiac cells. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective and cardiotoxic actions of quercetin and two of its major in vivo metabolites, quercetin 3-glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, using differentiated H9c2 cells. The differentiated cardiomyocyte-like phenotype was confirmed by monitoring expression of cardiac troponin 1 after 7 days of culture in reduced serum medium containing 10 nM all-trans retinoic acid. Quercetin-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed by monitoring MTT reduction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase 3 activity and reactive oxygen species production after prolonged flavonoid exposure (72 hr). Cardiotoxicity was observed with quercetin and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, but not quercetin 3-glucuronide. Cardioprotection was assessed by pre-treating differentiated H9c2 cells with quercetin or its metabolites for 24 hr prior to 2-hr exposure to 600 μM H2 O2, after which oxidative stress-induced cell damage was assessed by measuring MTT reduction and LDH release. Cardioprotection was observed with quercetin and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, but not with quercetin 3-glucuronide. Quercetin attenuated H2 O2 -induced activation of ERK1/2, PKB, p38 MAPK and JNK, but inhibitors of these kinases did not modulate quercetin-induced protection or H2 O2 -induced cell death. In summary, quercetin triggers cardioprotection against oxidative stress-induced cell death and cardiotoxicity after prolonged exposure. Further studies are required to investigate the complex interplay between the numerous signalling pathways that are modulated by quercetin and which may contribute to the cardioprotective and cardiotoxic effects of this important flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daubney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Dong Q, Chen L, Lu Q, Sharma S, Li L, Morimoto S, Wang G. Quercetin attenuates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by modulating Bmi-1 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4440-54. [PMID: 24902966 PMCID: PMC4209150 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. We previously reported the protective effects of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we tested the effects of quercetin on the expression of Bmi-1, a protein regulating mitochondrial function and ROS generation, as a mechanism underlying quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of quercetin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyocytes and C57BL/6 mice. Changes in apoptosis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and related signalling were evaluated in H9c2 cells. Cardiac function, serum enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured in mice after a single injection of doxorubicin with or without quercetin pre-treatment. KEY RESULTS In H9c2 cells, quercetin reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation and DNA double-strand breaks. The quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin toxicity was characterized by decreased expression of Bid, p53 and oxidase (p47 and Nox1) and by increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bmi-1. Bmi-1 siRNA abolished the protective effect of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, quercetin protected mice from doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction that was accompanied by reduced ROS levels and lipid peroxidation, but enhanced the expression of Bmi-1 and anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that quercetin decreased doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by reducing oxidative stress by up-regulation of Bmi-1 expression. The findings presented in this study have potential applications in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Dong
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sherven Sharma
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and the Veterans AffairsLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jalsrai A, Numakawa T, Ooshima Y, Adachi N, Kunugi H. Phosphatase-mediated intracellular signaling contributes to neuroprotection by flavonoids of Iris tenuifolia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:119-30. [PMID: 24467539 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of flavonoids are suggested to be useful for the treatment of brain-related disorders, including dementia and depression. An investigation on the characteristics of the extracted compounds of Iris tenuifolia Pall. (IT) is of much interest, as this plant has been used as a traditional medicine. In the present study, we examined the effect of total flavonoids obtained from IT on cultured cortical neurons under oxidative-stress and found that pretreatment with IT flavonoids significantly inhibited H 2 O 2-induced cell death in cortical neurons. Such a survival-promoting effect by IT flavonoids was partially blocked by inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) cascades, both of which are known as survival-promoting signaling molecules. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase2 (Shp2) was induced by IT flavonoids, and the protective effect of IT flavonoids was abolished by NSC87877, an inhibitor for Shp2, suggesting the involvement of Shp2-mediated intracellular signaling in flavonoid-dependent neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldarmaa Jalsrai
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Therapeutic concentrations of mitoxantrone elicit energetic imbalance in H9c2 cells as an earlier event. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 13:413-25. [PMID: 24046265 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that emerged as an alternative to anthracycline therapy. However, MTX also causes late cardiotoxicity, being oxidative stress and mitochondrial-impaired function proposed as possible mechanisms. This work aimed to investigate the relevance of these mechanisms to the MTX toxicity in H9c2 cells, using therapeutic concentrations. The observed cytotoxicity of MTX was time and concentration dependent in both lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay and MTT reduction assay. Two therapeutic concentrations (100 nM and 1 μM) and three time points were selected (24, 48, and 96 h) for further studies. Both MTX concentrations caused a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, which was not prevented by inhibiting MTX CYP450-metabolism. Significant decreases were observed in the total and reduced glutathione levels only in MTX 100 nM at 96 h; however, neither alterations in oxidized glutathione nor increases in the malondialdehyde levels were observed at any time or concentrations tested. On the other hand, changes in the intracellular ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular calcium levels were observed in both concentrations and all time tested. Noteworthy, decreased levels of ATP-synthase expression and activity and increases in the reactive species generation were observed at 96 h in both working concentrations. However, the radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine or the mitochondrial function enhancer L-carnitine did not prevent MTX cytotoxicity. Thus, this work evidenced the early MTX-induced energetic crisis as a possible key factor in the cell injury.
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Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD, Liou YM. Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:56. [PMID: 24913014 PMCID: PMC4070642 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been documented for its beneficial effects protecting oxidative stress to cardiac cells. Previously, we have shown the EGCG-mediated cardiac protection by attenuating reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ in cardiac cells during oxidative stress and myocardial ischemia. Here, we aimed to seek a deeper elucidation of the molecular anti-oxidative capabilities of EGCG in an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model of myocardial ischemia injury using H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Results Proteomics analysis was used to determine the differential expression of proteins in H9c2 cells cultured in the conditions of control, 400 μM H2O2 exposure for 30 min with and/or without 10 to 20 μM EGCG pre-treatment. In this model, eight proteins associated with energy metabolism, mitochondrial electron transfer, redox regulation, signal transduction, and RNA binding were identified to take part in EGCG-ameliorating H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cells. H2O2 exposure increased oxidative stress evidenced by increases in reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, increases in glycolytic protein, α-enolase, decreases in antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin-4, as well as decreases in mitochondrial proteins, including aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, ornithine aminotransferase, and succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein subunit. All of these effects were reversed by EGCG pre-treatment. In addition, EGCG attenuated the H2O2-induced increases of Type II inositol 3, 4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase and relieved its subsequent inhibition of the downstream signalling for Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/cyclin D1 in H9c2 cells. Pre-treatment with EGCG or GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763) significantly improved the H2O2-induced suppression on cell viability, phosphorylation of pAkt (S473) and pGSK-3β (S9), and level of cyclin D1 in cells. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that EGCG blunts the H2O2-induced oxidative effect on the Akt activity through the modulation of PIP3 synthesis leading to the subsequent inactivation of GSK-3β mediated cardiac cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ban-Dar Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Peng X, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu L, Li S, Wei H. In vitro catabolism of quercetin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:23406. [PMID: 24765061 PMCID: PMC3991839 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Part of quercetin flows into the colon after escaping the absorption of the small intestine and will be degraded by colonic microbiota. The catabolites in the colon partially determine the physiological activity of quercetin. METHODS Seven gut bacteria isolated from human feces were utilized to in vitro ferment quercetin. Their catabolites were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the antioxidant activities of their fermented broths were compared with that of quercetin. RESULTS One metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, was produced by both C. perfringens and B. fragilis transforming quercetin. No other metabolites were detected in the other fermented broths. The antioxidant activities of all strains fermenting quercetin reached the highest values at the concentration of 1 mg/mL quercetin in broth; the fermented products of C. perfringens and B. fragilis presented stronger activities than those of other strains at most concentrations of quercetin in broth. Additionally, all of the fermented broths presented a decline of the antioxidant activities compared to quercetin. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of quercetin will be lost when it reaches the human colon because of the gut bacterial fermentation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that quercetin can be degraded by C. perfringens and B. fragilis and transformed to the same metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and that antioxidant activities decline when quercetin is fermented by seven gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoting Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Ochratoxin-induced toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis ameliorated by quercetin – Modulation by Nrf2. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Polyphenols in exercise performance and prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:825928. [PMID: 23983900 PMCID: PMC3742027 DOI: 10.1155/2013/825928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although moderate physical exercise is considered an essential component of a healthy lifestyle that leads the organism to adapt itself to different stresses, exercise, especially when exhaustive, is also known to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage. Many efforts have been carried out to identify dietary strategies or micronutrients able to prevent or at least attenuate the exercise-induced muscle damage and stress. Unfortunately most studies have failed to show protection, and at the present time data supporting the protective effect of micronutrients, as antioxidant vitamins, are weak and trivial. This review focuses on those polyphenols, present in the plant kingdom, that have been recently suggested to exert some positive effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. In the last decade flavonoids as quercetin, catechins, and other polyphenols as resveratrol have caught the scientists attention. However, at the present time drawing a clear and definitive conclusion seems to be untimely.
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Sakthivel K, Palani S, Selvaraj R, Venkadesan D, Sivasankar H, Kumar BS. Cardioprotective and Antioxidant Potential of Scilla hyacinthina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2013.313.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cardioprotective and antioxidant activities of a polysaccharide from the root bark of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:442-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) bark extract: cardiovascular activity and myocyte protection against oxidative damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:471790. [PMID: 23533692 PMCID: PMC3600200 DOI: 10.1155/2013/471790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective effects of Castanea sativa Mill. (CSM) bark extract characterized in its phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. The study was performed using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of CSM bark extract and isolated guinea pig left and right atria, left papillary muscle, and aorta to evaluate its direct effect on cholinergic and adrenergic response. In cultured cardiomyocytes the CSM bark extract reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the extract decreased the contraction induced by noradrenaline (1 μ M) in guinea pig aortic strips and induced transient negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without involvement of cholinergic or adrenergic receptors in the guinea pig atria. Our results indicate that CSM bark extract exhibits antioxidant activity and might induce cardioprotective effect.
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Ichiyanagi T, Kashiwada Y, Shida Y, Sekiya M, Hatano Y, Takaishi Y, Ikeshiro Y. Structural elucidation and biological fate of two glucuronyl metabolites of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:569-578. [PMID: 23256460 DOI: 10.1021/jf3032793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high proportion of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Pg3G) is metabolized to glucuronides and excreted in mammal urine after ingestion of strawberry fruit, suggesting that these metabolites play important functional roles in vivo. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the structures and determine the biological fate of the two dominant metabolites of Pg3G in rats to enable an accurate discussion of the biological properties of anthocyanins. Authentic Pg3G was orally administered to rats. One pelargonidin monoglucuronide and three Pg3G-monoglucuronides (glucuronides of the glucoside) were identified together with intact Pg3G in both blood plasma and urine samples. The structures of the two dominant metabolites were elucidated as pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Pg3GlcA) and pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucuronyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside by means of (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple-bond connective spectroscopy. The bioavailability of Pg3G in its intact form was 0.31% of the orally administered dose, and 0.65% was absorbed in the Pg3GlcA form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Japan.
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Wang S, Meckling KA, Marcone MF, Kakuda Y, Proulx A, Tsao R. In vitro antioxidant synergism and antagonism between food extracts can lead to similar activities in H2O2-induced cell death, caspase-3 and MMP-2 activities in H9c2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2983-93. [PMID: 22538730 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardio-health-promoting activity of some foods may be due to their specific antioxidant content. The antioxidant activity of a mixture of plant extracts has been shown to differ from the activity of the individual extracts. As a result, the activity of the mixture can be described as synergistic, antagonistic or additive. This in vitro study evaluated the relationship between the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mixtures and their bioactivity when cardiomyocytes (H9c2) were challenged with H(2)O(2). RESULTS A mixture of raspberry and adzuki bean extracts produced a synergistic response and a mixture of broccoli and soybean extracts produced an antagonistic response in chemical-based antioxidant assays. When these extracts were tested in cell cultures, individually and in mixtures, the mixture of raspberry and adzuki bean protected the cardiomyocytes from H(2)O(2)-induced cell damage significantly better than the individual extracts. Conversely, the mixture of broccoli and soybean extracts was less effective in protecting H9c2 cells. The synergistic and antagonistic effects of the mixtures in protecting cell damage were brought about by enhanced or reduced ability in attenuating caspase-3 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities elevated by H(2)O(2). CONCLUSION Food mixtures with synergistic antioxidant activity and protective property against reactive oxygen species-induced cell death can potentially be incorporated into novel functional foods or beverages with optimum health benefit. The antagonistic effect of food mixtures can be a health concern and thus should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Wang
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Leoncini E, Prata C, Malaguti M, Marotti I, Segura-Carretero A, Catizone P, Dinelli G, Hrelia S. Phytochemical profile and nutraceutical value of old and modern common wheat cultivars. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45997. [PMID: 23049918 PMCID: PMC3458827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. Aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems.Wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and phenolic composition (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS profile, polyphenol and flavonoid contents). Results showed that antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) is mostly influenced by flavonoid (both bound and free) content and by the ratio flavonoids/polyphenols. Using a leukemic cell line, HL60, and primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effects of different wheat genotypes were evaluated in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and cell viability. All tested wheat phenolic extracts exerted dose-dependent cytoprotective and antiproliferative effects on cardiomyocytes and HL60 cells, respectively. Due to the peculiar phenolic pattern of each wheat variety, a significant genotype effect was highlighted. On the whole, the most relevant scavenging effect was found for the old variety Verna. No significant differences in terms of anti-proliferative activities among wheat genotypes was observed.Results reported in this study evidenced a correspondence between the in vitro antioxidant activity and potential healthy properties of different extracts. This suggests that an increased intake of wheat grain derived products could represent an effective strategy to achieve both chemoprevention and protection against oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Leoncini
- Department of Biochemistry, G. Moruzzi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Biochemistry, G. Moruzzi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department of Biochemistry, G. Moruzzi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Catizone
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department of Biochemistry, G. Moruzzi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Quercetin reduces inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated cardiomyoblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:837104. [PMID: 22685622 PMCID: PMC3364695 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids possess several biological and pharmacological activities. Quercetin (Q), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been shown to downregulate inflammatory responses and provide cardioprotection. However, the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory properties of Q in cardiac cells are poorly understood. In inflammation, nitric oxide (NO) acts as a proinflammatory mediator and is synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in response to pro-inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a causative agent in myocardial depression during sepsis. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of Q on rat cardiac dysfunction during sepsis induced by LPS. Pretreatment of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with Q inhibited LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production and counteracted oxidative stress caused by the unregulated NO production that leads to the generation of peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species. In addition, Q pretreatment significantly counteracted apoptosis cell death as measured by immunoblotting of the cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 3 activity. Q also inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK) and p38 MAP kinase that are involved in the inhibition of cell growth as well as the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that Q might serve as a valuable protective agent in cardiovascular inflammatory diseases.
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Bedó G, Lagos P, Agrati D. Temporal distribution of Hig-1 (hypoxia-induced gene 1) mRNA and protein in rat spinal cord: changes during postnatal life. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:666-73. [PMID: 22350989 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several cellular and molecular events responsible for the development of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly those related to the development of ordered neural connections, occur during the first days of postnatal life, being days 1 through 10 a critical period to reach maturity and establish innervations. We have previously characterized hypoxia-induced gene 1 (Hig-1) and described an increase in its expression from day 1 to 15 of postnatal life in the spinal cord. Hig-1 mRNA has an open reading frame for a 93 amino acid protein, but its function has not been completely elucidated. Recently, several analyses in many cell types have related Hig-1 expression with differentiation or cell death/survival balance. With the aim of further characterizing the presence of Hig-1 in the CNS, we analyzed the cellular distribution of HIG-1 protein in rat's spinal cord at postnatal days 1, 8, 15, and 90 (P1-P90). We found an interesting change in the protein expression pattern, shifting from neurons at P1 to glial cells at P90, which points towards a functional role for this protein in the spinal cord throughout development. We also compared the protein distribution with the cellular distribution of the mRNA and of an antisense RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bedó
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Arozal W, Sari FR, Giridharan VV, Soetikno V, Palaniyandi SS, Harima M, Suzuki K, Nagata M, Tagaki R, Kodama M, Watanabe K. Quercetin offers cardioprotection against progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis by suppression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress via endothelin-1/MAPK signalling. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:154-63. [PMID: 22145946 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis that treatment with quercetin at a dose of 10 mg/kg protects from the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have used the rat model of EAM induced by porcine cardiac myosin. Our results identified that the post-myocarditis rats suffered from elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adverse cardiac remodelling in the form of myocardial fibrosis, whereas the rats treated with quercetin have been protected from these changes as evidenced by the decreased myocardial levels of ER stress and fibrosis markers when compared with the vehicle-treated DCM rats. In addition, the myocardial dimensions and cardiac function were preserved significantly in the quercetin-treated rats in comparison with the DCM rats treated with vehicle alone. Interestingly, the rats treated with quercetin showed significant suppression of the myocardial endothelin-1 and also the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) suggesting that the protection offered by quercetin treatment against progression of EAM involves the modulation of MAPK signalling cascade. Collectively, the present study provides data to support the role of quercetin in protecting the hearts of the rats with post myocarditis DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
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47
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Beekmann K, Actis-Goretta L, van Bladeren PJ, Dionisi F, Destaillats F, Rietjens IMCM. A state-of-the-art overview of the effect of metabolic conjugation on the biological activity of flavonoids. Food Funct 2012; 3:1008-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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49
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Youl E, Bardy G, Magous R, Cros G, Sejalon F, Virsolvy A, Richard S, Quignard JF, Gross R, Petit P, Bataille D, Oiry C. Quercetin potentiates insulin secretion and protects INS-1 pancreatic β-cells against oxidative damage via the ERK1/2 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:799-814. [PMID: 20860660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quercetin lowers plasma glucose, normalizes glucose tolerance tests and preserves pancreatic β-cell integrity in diabetic rats. However, its mechanism of action has never been explored in insulin-secreting β-cells. Using the INS-1 β-cell line, the effects of quercetin were determined on glucose- or glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion and on β-cell dysfunctions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). These effects were analysed along with the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and resveratrol, two antioxidants also known to exhibit some anti-diabetic properties, were used for comparison. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Insulin release was quantified by the homogeneous time resolved fluorescence method and ERK1/2 activation tested by Western blot experiments. Cell viability was estimated by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) colorimetric assay. KEY RESULTS Quercetin (20 µmol·L(-1)) potentiated both glucose (8.3 mmol·L(-1))- and glibenclamide (0.01 µmol·L(-1))-induced insulin secretion and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The ERK1/2 (but not the protein kinase A) signalling pathway played a crucial role in the potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by quercetin. In addition, quercetin (20 µmol·L(-1)), protected β-cell function and viability against oxidative damage induced by 50 µmol·L(-1) H(2)O(2) and induced a major phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In the same conditions, resveratrol or NAC were ineffective. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Quercetin potentiated glucose and glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion and protected β-cells against oxidative damage. Our study suggested that ERK1/2 played a major role in those effects. The potential of quercetin in preventing β-cell dysfunction associated with diabetes deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Youl
- Université Montpellier I et CNRS UMR 5232, Centre de Pharmacologie et Innovation dans le Diabète (CPID), Montpellier, France
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Ocimum gratissimum Aqueous Extract Protects H9c2 Myocardiac Cells from H(2)O(2)-Induced Cell Apoptosis through Akt Signalling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953436 PMCID: PMC2952314 DOI: 10.1155/2011/578060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased cell death of cardiomyocyte by oxidative stress is known to cause dysfunction of the heart. O. gratissimum is one of the more well-known medicinal plants among the Ocimum species and widely used in treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that aqueous extract of O. gratissimum leaf (OGE) may protect myocardiac cell H9c2 from oxidative injury by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results revealed that OGE pretreatment dose-dependently protects H9c2 cells from cell death when exposed to H2O2. Additionally, DNA condensation induced by H2O2 was also reduced by OGE pretreatment, suggesting that Ocimum gratissimum extract may attenuate H2O2-induced chromosome damage. Further investigation showed that OGE pretreatment inhibited H2O2-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as H2O2-induced upregulation of proapoptotic Apaf-1 and the release of cytosolic cytochrome c, but has little effect on the activation of caspase-8. Additionally, OGE pretreatment significantly upregulated Bcl-2 expression and Akt phosphorylation, and slightly affected the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases including p38 MAPK and JNK. Taken together, our findings revealed that Ocimum gratissimum extract effectively inhibited the mitochondrial pathway and upregulated Bcl-2 expression, which may be important in protecting H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced cell death.
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