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Dudkina E, Ulyanova V, Asmandiyarova V, Vershinina V, Ilinskaya O. Two Main Cancer Biomarkers as Molecular Targets of Binase Antitumor Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8159893. [PMID: 38374954 PMCID: PMC10876309 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8159893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is frequently coupled with the disturbance of key signaling pathways. Aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, occurring in over 85% of cancers, is mainly caused by the genetic alterations of its main components-oncogenes EGFR and RAS, and plays a crucial role in cell fate. The importance of EGFR and RAS proteins in a variety of tumors suggests that they would be good therapeutic targets, but at present, no effective targeted therapy against these two oncogenes has been proven. Here, we show that ribonuclease from Bacillus pumilus (binase) inhibits MAPK signaling through direct interaction with EGFR and RAS proteins. This effect contributes to the antitumor potential of binase along with its enzymatic activity. Multitargeticity of binase prevents the development of drug resistance, which is considered a major obstacle to effective anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dudkina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Vera Ulyanova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Violetta Asmandiyarova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Valentina Vershinina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Olga Ilinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Mahmood T, Shahbaz A, Hussain N, Ali R, Bashir H, Rizwan K. Recent advancements in fusion protein technologies in oncotherapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123161. [PMID: 36610574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated, adaptable, and heterogeneous disease caused by a wide variety of genetic changes that might impair ability of cells to function normally. The majority of the tumors can only be shrunk using conventional oncology therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection, and the tumor often recurs. The inability of conventional cancer therapies to completely destroy the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) that otherwise lead to therapy resistance is thus addressed by therapeutic approaches that concentrate on targeting CSCs and their micro-environmental niche. In this review, we summarize approaches that are used for the development of fusion proteins and their therapeutic applications for treating cancer. The main purpose of making advancements towards the fusion technology instead of using conventional treatment methods is to achieve a prolonged half-life of the therapeutic drugs. The fusion of drugs to the immune response enhancing cytokines or the fusion of antibody and cytokines not only increases half-life but also increase the stability of the anti-tumor drug. Several molecules including different fragments of antibodies, cytokines, Human Serum Albumin, transferrin, XTEN polymers, Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be employed as a fusion partner and the resulting fusion proteins are reported to show enhanced anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shahbaz
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rahat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
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3
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Shen MJ, Wang CY, Hao DX, Hao JX, Zhu YF, Han XX, Tonggu L, Chen JH, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Multifunctional Nanomachinery for Enhancement of Bone Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107924. [PMID: 34850469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The visionary idea that RNA adopts nonbiological roles in today's nanomaterial world has been nothing short of phenomenal. These RNA molecules have ample chemical functionality and self-assemble to form distinct nanostructures in response to external stimuli. They may be combined with inorganic materials to produce nanomachines that carry cargo to a target site in a controlled manner and respond dynamically to environmental changes. Comparable to biological cells, programmed RNA nanomachines have the potential to replicate bone healing in vitro. Here, an RNA-biomineral nanomachine is developed, which accomplishes intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen scaffolds to mimic bone formation in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that noncovalent hydrogen bonding provides the energy source that initiates self-assembly of these nanomachines. Incorporation of the RNA-biomineral nanomachines into collagen scaffolds in vivo creates an osteoinductive microenvironment within a bone defect that is conducive to rapid biomineralization and osteogenesis. Addition of RNA-degrading enzymes into RNA-biomineral nanomachines further creates a stop signal that inhibits unwarranted bone formation in tissues. The potential of RNA in building functional nanostructures has been underestimated in the past. The concept of RNA-biomineral nanomachines participating in physiological processes may transform the nanoscopic world of life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lige Tonggu
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Zhou Z, Austin GL, Shaffer R, Armstrong DD, Gentry MS. Antibody-Mediated Enzyme Therapeutics and Applications in Glycogen Storage Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1094-1109. [PMID: 31522955 PMCID: PMC6889062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibodies as targeting molecules or cell-penetrating tools has emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical research. Antibody-directed therapies in the form of antibody-drug conjugates, immune modulators, and antibody-directed enzyme prodrugs have been most extensively utilized as hematological, rheumatological, and oncological therapies, but recent developments are identifying additional applications of antibody-mediated delivery systems. A novel application of this technology is for the treatment of glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) via an antibody-enzyme fusion (AEF) platform to penetrate cells and deliver an enzyme to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and/or other organelles. Exciting developments are currently underway for AEFs in the treatment of the GSDs Pompe disease and Lafora disease (LD). Antibody-based therapies are quickly becoming an integral part of modern disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Grant L Austin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Epilepsy and Brain Metabolism Alliance, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Mitkevich VA, Petrushanko IY, Makarov AA. RNases Disrupt the Adaptive Potential of Malignant Cells: Perspectives for Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:922. [PMID: 31474868 PMCID: PMC6707412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous RNases are selectively toxic to tumor cells. The reasons for this selectivity are not quite clear and should be searched for in the properties that distinguish malignant from normal cells. During onco-transformation, cells acquire properties allowing them to adapt to the altered microenvironment, such as resistance to hypoxia, changes in intracellular pH, disruption of ion transport, reduced adhesion and increased mobility, and production of specific exosomes. These adaptation mechanisms distinguish malignant cells from normal ones and give them a competitive advantage, ensuring survival and spread in the organism. Here, we analyze if the directed cytotoxic effect of exogenous RNases is linked to the disruption of the adaptive potential of tumor cells and how it can be used in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Nitric Oxide Production Correlates with Cell Death of Fibroblasts Treated by Bacillus pumilus Ribonuclease. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mironova N, Patutina O, Brenner E, Kurilshikov A, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. The systemic tumor response to RNase A treatment affects the expression of genes involved in maintaining cell malignancy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78796-78810. [PMID: 29108266 PMCID: PMC5667999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pancreatic RNase A was shown to inhibit tumor and metastasis growth that accompanied by global alteration of miRNA profiles in the blood and tumor tissue (Mironova et al., 2013). Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) after treatment of tumor-bearing mice with RNase A. We identified 966 differentially expressed transcripts in LLC tumors, of which 322 were upregulated and 644 were downregulated after RNase A treatment. Many of these genes are involved in signaling pathways that regulate energy metabolism, cell-growth promoting and transforming activity, modulation of the cancer microenvironment and extracellular matrix components, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. Following RNase A treatment, we detected an upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, inositol phosphate cascade and oxidative phosphorylation, re-arrangement of cell adhesion, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and transcription. Whereas cancer-related signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-beta, JAK/STAT, and Wnt) were downregulated following RNase A treatment, as in the case of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is involved in the progression of non-small lung cancer. RNase A therapy resulted in the downregulation of genes that inhibit the biogenesis of some miRNAs, particularly the let-7 miRNA family. Taken together, our data suggest that the antitumor activity and decreased invasion potential of tumor cells caused by RNase A are associated with enhanced energy cascade functioning, rearrangement of cancer-related events regulating cell growth and dissemination, and attenuation of signaling pathways having tumor-promoting activity. Thus, RNase A can be proposed as a potential component of anticancer therapy with multiple modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenyi Brenner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Mitkevich VA, Pace CN, Koschinski A, Makarov AA, Ilinskaya ON. Cytotoxicity mechanism of the RNase Sa cationic mutants involves inhibition of potassium current through Ca2+-activated channels. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Zelenikhin PV, Makeeva AV, Lozhkin AP, Rodionov AA, Nguen N, Ilinskaya ON. Effect of Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease on the paramagnetic centers of microbial cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Mitkevich VA, Kretova OV, Petrushanko IY, Burnysheva KM, Sosin DV, Simonenko OV, Ilinskaya ON, Tchurikov NA, Makarov AA. Ribonuclease binase apoptotic signature in leukemic Kasumi-1 cells. Biochimie 2013; 95:1344-9. [PMID: 23499289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic exogenous RNases triggering apoptotic response in malignant cells have potential as anticancer drugs; surprisingly, detailed characterization of the RNase-induced apoptosis has not been conducted so far. Here we show that a cytotoxic RNase from Bacillus intermedius (binase) induces extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in leukemic Kasumi-1 cells. The experiments were performed using TaqMan Array Human Apoptosis 96-well Plate for gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry. Cytometric studies demonstrated dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, activation of caspases, increase of intracellular Ca(2+) and decrease of reactive oxygen species levels. We found that expression of 62 apoptotic genes is up-regulated, including 16 genes that are highly up-regulated, and only one gene was found to be down-regulated. The highest, 16 fold increase of the expression level was observed for TNF gene. Highly up-regulated genes also include the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory caspases 1,4. The obtained results suggest that binase induces evolutionary acquired cellular response to a microbial agent and triggers unusual apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Andrady C, Sharma SK, Chester KA. Antibody-enzyme fusion proteins for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:193-211. [PMID: 21322759 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biomolecular technology have allowed the development of genetically fused antibody-enzymes. Antibody-enzyme fusion proteins have been used to target tumors for cancer therapy in two ways. In one system, an antibody-enzyme is pretargeted to the tumor followed by administration of an inactive prodrug that is converted to its active form by the pretargeted enzyme. This system has been described as antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. The other system uses antibody-enzyme fusion proteins as direct therapeutics, where the enzyme is toxic in its own right. The key feature in this approach is that the antibody is used to internalize the toxic enzyme into the tumor cell, which activates cell-death processes. This antibody-enzyme system has been largely applied to deliver ribonucleases. This article addresses these two antibody-enzyme targeting strategies for cancer therapy from concept to (pre)clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carima Andrady
- Cancer Research UK Targeting & Imaging Group, Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E6BT, UK.
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Patutina O, Mironova N, Ryabchikova E, Popova N, Nikolin V, Kaledin V, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. Inhibition of metastasis development by daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A and DNase I. Biochimie 2010; 93:689-96. [PMID: 21194552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent data on the involvement of miRNA and circulating tumor-derived DNA in regulation of tumorigenesis showed a great prospect for these molecules as a novel class of therapeutic targets and gave a new start for the study of enzymes cleaving nucleic acids as potential antitumor and antimetastatic agents. In the present paper using two murine tumor models with pulmonary or liver metastases we studied the antimetastatic potential of RNase A and DNase I and performed a search for possible molecular targets of the enzymes. Herein, we show for the first time that daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A (0.5-50 μg/kg) and DNase I (0.02-2.3 mg/kg) inhibits the development of metastasis to 60-90% and RNase A exerts 30% retardation of tumor growth. Remarkably, the increase in RNase A dose from 50 μg/kg to 10mg/kg leads to a disappearance of antitumor and antimetastatic effects. Simultaneous treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I leads to an additive effect and results in almost total absence of metastases. The use of RNase A as an adjuvant in conjunction with conventional cytostatic cyclophosphamide results in a reliable enhancement of antitumor and antimetastatic effect of the therapy compared with the use of these agents individually. The search for possible molecular mechanism of antimetastatic effect of nucleases showed that daily administration of the enzymes reduced the pathologically increased level of extracellular nucleic acids and increased nuclease activity of the blood plasma of tumor-bearing mice back to the level of healthy animals. Thus, we unequivocally show that the proposed protocol of treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I has a general systemic and immunomodulatory effect, leads to a drastic suppression of metastasis development, and in perspective may become an effective component of intensive complex therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Ardelt W, Ardelt B, Darzynkiewicz Z. Ribonucleases as potential modalities in anticancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:181-9. [PMID: 19825371 PMCID: PMC2784098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor ribonucleases are small (10-28 kDa) basic proteins. They were found among members of both, ribonuclease A and T1 superfamilies. Their cytotoxic properties are conferred by enzymatic activity, i.e., the ability to catalyze cleavages of phosphodiester bonds in RNA. They bind to negatively charged cell membrane, enter cells by endocytosis and translocate to cytosol where they evade mammalian protein ribonuclease inhibitor and degrade RNA. Here, we discuss structures, functions and mechanisms of antitumor activity of several cytotoxic ribonucleases with particular emphasis to the amphibian Onconase, the only enzyme of this class that reached clinical trials. Onconase is the smallest, very stable, less catalytically efficient and more cytotoxic than most RNase A homologues. Its cytostatic, cytotoxic and anticancer effects were extensively studied. It targets tRNA, rRNA, mRNA as well as the non-coding RNA (microRNAs). Numerous cancer lines are sensitive to Onconase; their treatment with 10-100 nM enzyme leads to suppression of cell cycle progression, predominantly through G(1), followed by apoptosis or cell senescence. Onconase also has anticancer properties in animal models. Many effects of this enzyme are consistent with the microRNAs, one of its critical targets. Onconase sensitizes cells to a variety of anticancer modalities and this property is of particular interest, suggesting its application as an adjunct to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in treatment of different tumors. Cytotoxic RNases as exemplified by Onconase represent a new class of antitumor agents, with an entirely different mechanism of action than the drugs currently used in the clinic. Further studies on animal models including human tumors grafted on severe combined immunodefficient (SCID) mice and clinical trials are needed to explore clinical potential of cytotoxic RNases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ardelt
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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Mitkevich VA, Tchurikov NA, Zelenikhin PV, Petrushanko IY, Makarov AA, Ilinskaya ON. Binase cleaves cellular noncoding RNAs and affects coding mRNAs. FEBS J 2009; 277:186-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Makarov AA, Kolchinsky A, Ilinskaya ON. Binase and other microbial RNases as potential anticancer agents. Bioessays 2008; 30:781-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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