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Gul S, Khan AM. Molecular docking studies of isolated marine natural products against α-chymotrypsin. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1269-1272. [PMID: 36239528 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The α-chymotrypsin is widely present in the digestive system of prokaryotes and eukaryotes that helps in the digestion by the hydrolysis of the peptide bond. It is serine protease enzyme (E.C. 3.4.21.1) and involves in many biological processes as well as in pancreatic disorders. In the previous study, marine red alga namely Jolyna laminariodes was used for the isolation of succinylanthranilic acid ester (2). Further, analogues were synthesised from anthranilic acid by using succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and glutaric anhydride into corresponding dicarboxylic acids and further into acid ester including succinylanthranilic acid (1), succinylanthranilic acid ester (2), maleinylanthranilic acid (3), maleinylanthranilic acid ester (4), glutarnylanthranilic acid (5) and glutarnylanthranilic acid ester (6). For all natural products analogues percent inhibition against α-chymotrypsin have been calculated. In this study, molecular docking is used to estimate the binding energy of natural product analogues against α-chymotrypsin enzyme. The docking energies are in good agreement with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, University Road, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majeed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, University Road, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
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2
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Guo WY, Fu YX, Mei LC, Chen Z, Zhang ZY, Wang F, Yang WC, Liu G, Yang GF. Rational Design of Esterase-Insensitive Fluorogenic Probes for In Vivo Imaging. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2041-2049. [PMID: 37146071 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule fluorogenic probes are indispensable tools for performing research in biomedical fields and chemical biology. Although numerous cleavable fluorogenic probes have been developed to investigate various bioanalytes, few of them meet the baseline requirements for in vivo biosensing for disease diagnosis due to their insufficient specificity resulted from the remarkable esterase interferences. To address this critical issue, we developed a general approach called fragment-based fluorogenic probe discovery (FBFPD) to design esterase-insensitive probes for in vitro and in vivo applications. With the designed esterase-insensitive fluorogenic probe, we successfully achieved light-up in vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of cysteine. This strategy was further extended to design highly specific fluorogenic probes for other representative targets, sulfites, and chymotrypsin. The present study expands the bioanalytical toolboxes available and offers a promising platform to develop esterase-insensitive cleavable fluorogenic probes for in vivo biosensing and bioimaging for the early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yingzheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Long-Can Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ye Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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3
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Racioppo B, Qiu N, Adibekian A. Serine Hydrolase Activity‐Based Probes for use in Chemical Proteomics. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Racioppo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 United States
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 United States
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 United States
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4
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Lan T, Tian QQ, Li MH, He W. Activatable endoplasmic reticulum-targeted NIR fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for detecting and imaging chymotrypsin. Analyst 2022; 147:4098-4104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the first endoplasmic reticulum-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe, ISO-Chy, with a large Stokes shift is reported by introducing a recognition group of 4-bromobutyl for chymotrypsin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Qin-qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ming-hua Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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5
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Zou X, Zhao Y, Lai C, Liang Y, Lin W. A non-peptide probe for detecting chymotrypsin activity based on protection-deprotection strategy in living systems. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8417-8423. [PMID: 34545893 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chymotrypsin (CHT) plays a vital role in the metabolism of organisms and affects cell proliferation and apoptosis. Abnormal levels of CHT will lead to a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory arthritis, diabetes, pharyngitis, indigestion, and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is significant to design an effective method for the detection of CHT in living systems. Here, we synthesized a specific deep-red non-peptide probe DT by effectively combining isophorone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde for the detection of CHT using 3-phenylpropionate chloride as the recognition group based on a protection-deprotection strategy. The DT probe exhibited an emission range of 525-700 nm and showed excellent photostability, high sensitivity (LOD = 0.071 U mL-1), and selectivity for CHT detection. The cellular experiments demonstrated that DT could sensitively recognize CHT activity in three cell lines and the content of CHT was much higher in P815 cells than in MCF-7 and 3T3 cells. Also, DT was successfully used to visualize the endogenous CHT in zebrafish. Notably, the DT probe provided an intuitive way to visualize endogenous CHT in mouse pancreas for the first time, demonstrating the potential for application in the future clinical diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Therefore, the small-molecule probe DT is expected to be a useful molecular tool for CHT-related disease diagnosis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Chaofeng Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
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6
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Mitre-Aguilar IB, Barrios-Garcia T, Ruiz-Lopez VM, Cabrera-Quintero AJ, Mejia-Dominguez NR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Moreno-Mitre D, Aranda-Gutierrez A, Mejia-Rangel J, Escalona-Guzman AR, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Leon-Del-Rio A, Zentella-Dehesa A. Glucocorticoid-dependent expression of IAP participates in the protection against TNF-mediated cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:356. [PMID: 30987626 PMCID: PMC6466787 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation has been associated with breast cancer cell survival in vitro. Glucocorticoid (GC)-dependent protection against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death has been well characterized in MCF7 luminal A breast cancer cells. The GR activates a variety of protective mechanisms, such as inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). However, the relative contribution of the GR-dependent expression of IAPs in the protection of cell death has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated. Methods MCF7 cells were used for all experiments. GR was activated with cortisol (CORT) or dexamethasone (DEX) and inhibited with mifepristone (RU486). Cell viability was determined in real-time with the xCELLigence™ RTCA System and at specific endpoints using crystal violet stain. The mRNA levels of the eight members of the IAP family were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of GR, PR, ERα, HER2, PARP1, c-IAP1 and XIAP were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The knockdown of c-IAP1 and XIAP was accomplished via transient transfection with specific siRNAs. GR activation was verified by a gene reporter assay. Via the cBioportal interphase we queried the mRNA levels of GR and IAPs in breast cancer tumors. Results RU486 significantly inhibited the anti-cytotoxic effect of both GCs. PARP1 processing was diminished in the presence of both GCs. The combined treatments of GCs + TNF increased the relative mRNA levels of Survivin>c-IAP1 > NAIP>Apollon>XIAP>Ts-IAP > ML-IAP > c-IAP2. Additionally, GR mRNA content increased with the combined treatments of GCs + TNF. Sustained levels of the proteins c-IAP1 and XIAP were observed after 48 h of the combined treatments with GCs + TNF. With c-IAP1 and XIAP gene silencing, the GC-mediated protection was diminished. In the breast tumor samples, the GR mRNA was coexpressed with Apollon and XIAP with a Pearson coefficient greater than 0.3. Conclusions The effect of GCs against TNF-mediated cytotoxicity involves increased mRNA expression and sustained protein levels of c-IAP1 and XIAP. The antagonist effects of RU486 and the qRT-PCR results also suggest the role of the GR in this process. This finding may have clinical implications because the GR and IAPs are expressed in breast tumor samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5563-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma B Mitre-Aguilar
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-Garcia
- Programa de Investigacion en Cancer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, IIBO, UNAM, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Victor M Ruiz-Lopez
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alberto J Cabrera-Quintero
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejia-Dominguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigacion-Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica (RAI-CIC), UNAM, 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jose L Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Daniel Moreno-Mitre
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aranda-Gutierrez
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Janini Mejia-Rangel
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alma R Escalona-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yanin Chavarri-Guerra
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leon-Del-Rio
- Programa de Investigacion en Cancer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, IIBO, UNAM, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico, Mexico. .,Programa de Investigacion en Cancer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico. .,Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), 14080, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico. .,Centro de Cancer, Centro Medico ABC, 01120, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.
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7
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Xiong H, Li RR, Liu SY, Wu FX, Yang WC, Yang GF. Discovery of Specific Nonpeptide Probe for Chymotrypsin via Molecular Docking-Based Virtual Screening and the Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:310-317. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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8
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Wu L, Yang SH, Xiong H, Yang JQ, Guo J, Yang WC, Yang GF. Nonpeptide-Based Small-Molecule Probe for Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Detection of Chymotrypsin. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3687-3693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hou Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qian Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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9
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Forrest CM, McNair K, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Selective depletion of tumour suppressors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin by environmental and endogenous serine proteases: linking diet and cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:772. [PMID: 27716118 PMCID: PMC5054602 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The related tumour suppressor proteins Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin are absent or weakly expressed in many cancers, whereas their insertion into cells suppresses oncogenic behaviour. Serine proteases influence the initiation and progression of cancers although the mechanisms are unknown. METHODS The effects of environmental (bacterial subtilisin) and endogenous mammalian (chymotrypsin) serine proteases were examined on protein expression in fresh, normal tissue and human neuroblastoma and mammary adenocarcinoma lines. Cell proliferation and migration assays (chemoattraction and wound closure) were used to examine cell function. Cells lacking DCC were transfected with an ectopic dcc plasmid. RESULTS Subtilisin and chymotrypsin selectively depleted DCC and neogenin from cells at nanomolar concentrations without affecting related proteins. Cells showed reduced adherence and increased migration, but after washing they re-attached within 24 h, with recovery of protein expression. These effects are induced by chymotryptic activity as they are prevented by chymostatin and the soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor typical of many plant protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus subtilis, which secretes subtilisin is widely present in soil, the environment and the intestinal contents, while subtilisin itself is used in meat processing, animal feed probiotics and many household cleaning agents. With chymotrypsin present in chyme, blood and tissues, these proteases may contribute to cancer development by depleting DCC and neogenin. Blocking their activity by Bowman-Birk inhibitors may explain the protective effects of a plant diet. Our findings identify a potential non-genetic contribution to cancer cell behaviour which may explain both the association of processed meats and other factors with cancer incidence and the protection afforded by plant-rich diets, with significant implications for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria C J Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Trevor W Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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10
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Surface, conformational and catalytic activity approach of α-chymotrypsin and trypsin in micellar media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Lewis JG, Elder PA. The reactive centre loop of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is a protease target for cortisol release. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:96-101. [PMID: 24424442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binds more than 90% of circulating cortisol and is a non-inhibitory member of the family of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINS) with an exposed elastase sensitive reactive centre loop (RCL). At sites of inflammation neutrophil activation can release elastase which may cleave the RCL and result in cortisol release from CBG. The RCL sequence also has two theoretical chymotrypsin cleavage sites and we used a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the RCL to investigate chymotrypsin cleavage of CBG. Here we show, for the first time, rapid chymotrypsin cleavage of the RCL of CBG, resulting in undetectable levels of intact CBG, whereas total CBG levels were unchanged. Coincident with both chymotrypsin and elastase cleavage there was an increase in the free cortisol fraction of serum to levels similar to when CBG had been inactivated by heat indicating total cortisol release from CBG. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism for cortisol release from its binding globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lewis
- Steroid & Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Peter A Elder
- Steroid & Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
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12
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Fang DA, Huang XM, Zhang ZQ, Xu DP, Zhou YF, Zhang MY, Liu K, Duan JR, Shi WG. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of chymotrypsin-like serine protease from the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus): a possible role in the junior and adult innate immune systems. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1546-1552. [PMID: 23541770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel chymotrypsin-like serine protease (CLSP) was isolated from the hepatopancreas of the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Cq-chy). The full-length cDNA of Cq-chy contains 951 nucleotides encodes a peptide of 270 amino acids. The mature peptide comprising 223 amino acids contains the conserved catalytic triad (H, D, and S). Similarity analysis showed that Cq-chy shares high identity with chymotrypsins from the fiddler crab; Uca pugilator. Cq-chy mRNA expression in C. quadricarinatus was shown to be: (a) tissue-related with the highest expression in the hepatotpancreas and widely distributed, (b) highly responsive in the hepatopancreas to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge, and (c) differently regulated in immature and adult crayfish. In this study we successfully isolated Cq-chy. Our observations indicate that Cq-chy is differently involved in the immature and adult innate immune reactions, thus suggesting a role for CLSPs in the invertebrate innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-An Fang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Changjiang River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi 214081, China.
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