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Chergintsev DA, Solovieva AD, Atabekova AK, Lezzhov AA, Golyshev SA, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Properties of Plant Virus Protein Encoded by the 5'-Proximal Gene of Tetra-Cistron Movement Block. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14144. [PMID: 37762447 PMCID: PMC10532019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To move from cell to cell through plasmodesmata, many plant viruses require the concerted action of two or more movement proteins (MPs) encoded by transport gene modules of virus genomes. A tetra-cistron movement block (TCMB) is a newly discovered transport module comprising four genes. TCMB encodes three proteins, which are similar to MPs of the transport module known as the "triple gene block", and a protein unrelated to known viral MPs and containing a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domain similar to that found in a family of cell proteins, including AtDRB4 and AtHYL1. Here, the latter TCMB protein, named vDRB for virus dsRNA-binding protein, is shown to bind both dsRNA and single-stranded RNA in vitro. In a turnip crinkle virus-based assay, vDRB exhibits the properties of a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). In the context of potato virus X infection, vDRB significantly decreases the number and size of "dark green islands", regions of local antiviral silencing, supporting the VSR function of vDRB. Nevertheless, vDRB does not exhibit the VSR properties in non-viral transient expression assays. Taken together, the data presented here indicate that vDRB is an RNA-binding protein exhibiting VSR functions in the context of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Chergintsev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna D. Solovieva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia K. Atabekova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Lezzhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Sergei A. Golyshev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (A.K.A.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (S.Y.M.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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Atabekova AK, Lazareva EA, Lezzhov AA, Solovieva AD, Golyshev SA, Skulachev BI, Solovyev ID, Savitsky AP, Heinlein M, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Interaction between Movement Proteins of Hibiscus green spot virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122742. [PMID: 36560746 PMCID: PMC9780815 DOI: 10.3390/v14122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement proteins (MPs) of plant viruses enable the translocation of viral genomes from infected to healthy cells through plasmodesmata (PD). The MPs functions involve the increase of the PD permeability and routing of viral genome both to the PD entrance and through the modified PD. Hibiscus green spot virus encodes two MPs, termed BMB1 and BMB2, which act in concert to accomplish virus cell-to-cell transport. BMB1, representing an NTPase/helicase domain-containing RNA-binding protein, localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. BMB2 is a small hydrophobic protein that interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and induces local constrictions of the ER tubules. In plant cells, BMB2 localizes to PD-associated membrane bodies (PAMBs) consisting of modified ER tubules and directs BMB1 to PAMBs. Here, we demonstrate that BMB1 and BMB2 interact in vitro and in vivo, and that their specific interaction is essential for BMB2-directed targeting of BMB1 to PAMBs. Using mutagenesis, we show that the interaction involves the C-terminal BMB1 region and the N-terminal region of BMB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K. Atabekova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Lezzhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D. Solovieva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Golyshev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I. Skulachev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Solovyev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander P. Savitsky
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology (IBMP-CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-939-3198
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In-Plant Persistence and Systemic Transport of Nicotiana benthamiana Retrozyme RNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213890. [PMID: 36430367 PMCID: PMC9695139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrozymes are nonautonomous retrotransposons with hammerhead ribozymes in their long terminal repeats (LTRs). Retrozyme transcripts can be self-cleaved by the LTR ribozyme, circularized, and can undergo RNA-to-RNA replication. Here, we demonstrate that the Nicotiana benthamiana genome contains hundreds of retrozyme loci, of which nine represent full-length retrozymes. The LTR contains a promoter directing retrozyme transcription. Although retrozyme RNA is easily detected in plants, the LTR region is heavily methylated, pointing to its transcriptional silencing, which can be mediated by 24 nucleotide-long retrozyme-specific RNAs identified in N. benthamiana. A transcriptome analysis revealed that half of the retrozyme-specific RNAs in plant leaves have no exact matches to genomic retrozyme loci, containing up to 13% mismatches with the closest genomic sequences, and could arise as a result of many rounds of RNA-to-RNA replication leading to error accumulation. Using a cloned retrozyme copy, we show that retrozyme RNA is capable of replication and systemic transport in plants. The presented data suggest that retrozyme loci in the N. benthamiana genome are transcriptionally inactive, and that circular retrozyme RNA can persist in cells due to its RNA-to-RNA replication and be transported systemically, emphasizing functional and, possibly, evolutionary links of retrozymes to viroids-noncoding circular RNAs that infect plants.
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Lazareva EA, Atabekova AK, Lezzhov AA, Morozov SY, Heinlein M, Solovyev AG. Virus Genome-Based Reporter for Analyzing Viral Movement Proteins and Plasmodesmata Permeability. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2457:333-349. [PMID: 35349152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) mediate cell-to-cell movement of the virus genome through plasmodesmata (PD). MPs target PD to increase their size exclusion limit (SEL), and this MP function is essential for virus intercellular trafficking. In this chapter, we describe the use of a Potato virus X genome-derived reporter for agroinfiltration-based identification of virus genome-encoded MPs and analysis of the ability of individual viral MPs or plant proteins to increase the PD SEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lezzhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Seo H, Kim K, Park WJ. Effect of VIRP1 Protein on Nuclear Import of Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd). Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010095. [PMID: 33450991 PMCID: PMC7828392 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Before replicating, Pospiviroidae viroids must move into the plant nucleus. However, the mechanisms of viroid nuclear import are not entirely understood. To study the nuclear import of viroids, we established a nuclear import assay system using onion cell strips and observed the import of Alexa Fluor-594-labeled citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). To identify the plant factors involved in the nuclear import of viroids, we cloned the Viroid RNA-binding Protein 1 (VIRP1) gene from a tomato cultivar, Seokwang, and heterologously expressed and purified the VIRP1 protein. The newly prepared VIRP1 protein had alterations of amino acid residues at two points (H52R, A277G) compared with a reference VIRP1 protein (AJ249595). VIRP1 specifically bound to CEVd and promoted its nuclear import. However, it is still uncertain whether VIRP1 is the only factor required for the nuclear import of CEVd because CEVd entered the plant nuclei without VIRP1 in our assay system. The cause of the observed nuclear accumulation of CEVd in the absence of VIRP1 needs to be further clarified.
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Lazareva EA, Lezzhov AA, Chergintsev DA, Golyshev SA, Dolja VV, Morozov SY, Heinlein M, Solovyev AG. Reticulon-like properties of a plant virus-encoded movement protein. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1052-1066. [PMID: 32866987 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MPs) that ensure the transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata (PD) and use cell endomembranes, mostly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for delivery of viral genomes to PD and formation of PD-anchored virus replication compartments. Here, we demonstrate that the Hibiscus green spot virus BMB2 MP, an integral ER protein, induces constrictions of ER tubules, decreases the mobility of ER luminal content, and exhibits an affinity to highly curved membranes. These properties are similar to those described for reticulons, cellular proteins that induce membrane curvature to shape the ER tubules. Similar to reticulons, BMB2 adopts a W-like topology within the ER membrane. BMB2 targets PD and increases their size exclusion limit, and these BMB2 activities correlate with the ability to induce constrictions of ER tubules. We propose that the induction of ER constrictions contributes to the BMB2-dependent increase in PD permeability and formation of the PD-associated replication compartments, therefore facilitating the virus intercellular spread. Furthermore, we show that the ER tubule constrictions also occur in cells expressing TGB2, one of the three MPs of Potato virus X (PVX), and in PVX-infected cells, suggesting that reticulon-like MPs are employed by diverse RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lezzhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Denis A Chergintsev
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Sergei A Golyshev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Valerian V Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology (IBMP-CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
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Tolstyko EA, Lezzhov AA, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Phloem transport of structured RNAs: A widening repertoire of trafficking signals and protein factors. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110602. [PMID: 32900440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conducting sieve tubes of the phloem consist of sieve elements (SEs), which are enucleate cells incapable of transcription and translation. Nevertheless, SEs contain a large variety of RNAs, and long-distance RNA trafficking via the phloem has been documented. The phloem transport of certain RNAs, as well as the further unloading of these RNAs at target tissues, is essential for plant individual development and responses to environmental cues. The translocation of such RNAs via the phloem is believed to be directed by RNA structural elements serving as phloem transport signals (PTSs), which are recognized by proteins that direct the PTS-containing RNAs into the phloem translocation pathway. The ability of phloem transport has been reported for several classes of structured RNAs including viroids, genuine tRNAs, mRNAs with tRNA sequences embedded into mRNA untranslated regions, tRNA-like structures in the genomic RNAs of plant viruses, and micro-RNA (miRNA) precursors (pri-miRNA). Here, three distinct types of such RNAs are discussed, along with the proteins that may specifically interact with these structures in the phloem. Three-dimensional (3D) motifs, which are characteristic of imperfect RNA duplexes, are discussed as elements of phloem-mobile structured RNAs specifically recognized by proteins involved in phloem transport, thus serving as PTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny A Tolstyko
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lezzhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Pankratenko AV, Atabekova AK, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Membrane Contacts in Plasmodesmata: Structural Components and Their Functions. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:531-544. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Detection and in vitro studies of Cucurbita maxima phloem serpin-1 RNA-binding properties. Biochimie 2020; 170:118-127. [PMID: 31935442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from being a conduit for photoassimilate transport in plants, the phloem serves as a pathway for transport of proteins and RNAs from sites of their synthesis to distant plant parts. As demonstrated for mRNAs and small RNAs such as miRNA and siRNA, their phloem transport is largely involved in responses to environmental cues including stresses and pathogen attacks. RNA molecules are believed to be transported in the phloem in the form of complexes with RNA-binding proteins; however, proteins forming such complexes are generally poorly studied. Here, we demonstrate that the Cucurbita maxima phloem serpin-1 (CmPS1), which has been previously described as a functional protease inhibitor capable of long-distance transport via the phloem, is able to bind RNA in vitro. Among different RNAs tested, CmPS1 exhibits a preference for imperfect RNA duplexes and the highest affinity to tRNA. A characteristic complex formed by CmPS1 with tRNA is not observed upon CmPS1 binding to tRNA-like structures of plant viruses. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the CmPS1 N-terminal region is not involved in RNA binding. Since antithrombin-III, the human protease inhibitor of serpin family most closely sequence-related to CmPS1, is found to be unable to bind RNA, one can suggest that, in its evolution, CmPS1 has gained the RNA binding capability as an additional function likely relevant to its specific activities in the plant phloem.
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Lezzhov AA, Atabekova AK, Tolstyko EA, Lazareva EA, Solovyev AG. RNA phloem transport mediated by pre-miRNA and viral tRNA-like structures. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:99-107. [PMID: 31084885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phloem-mobile mRNAs are assumed to contain sequence elements directing RNA to the phloem translocation pathway. One of such elements is represented by tRNA sequences embedded in untranslated regions of many mRNAs, including those proved to be mobile. Genomic RNAs of a number of plant viruses possess a 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures (TLSs) only distantly related to genuine tRNAs, but nevertheless aminoacylated and capable of interaction with some tRNA-binding proteins. Here, we elaborated an experimental system for analysis of RNA phloem transport based on an engineered RNA of Potato virus X capable of replication, but not encapsidation and movement in plants. The TLSs of Brome mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip yellow mosaic virus were demonstrated to enable the phloem transport of foreign RNA. A miRNA precursor, pre-miR390b, was also found to render RNA competent for the phloem transport. In line with this, sequences of miRNA precursors were identified in a Cucurbita maxima phloem transcriptome, supporting the hypothesis that, at least in some cases, miRNA phloem signaling can involve miRNA precursors. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that RNA molecules can be directed into the phloem translocation pathway by structured RNA elements such as those of viral TLSs and miRNA precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Lezzhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Eugeny A Tolstyko
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Emergence of Intronless Evolutionary Forms of Stress Response Genes: Possible Relation to Terrestrial Adaptation of Green Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30792726 PMCID: PMC6374339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Sergey Y. Morozov
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Atabekova AK, Lazareva EA, Strelkova OS, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY. Mechanical stress-induced subcellular re-localization of N-terminally truncated tobacco Nt-4/1 protein. Biochimie 2018; 144:98-107. [PMID: 29097279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Nicotiana tabacum 4/1 protein (Nt-4/1) of unknown function expressed in plant vasculature has been shown to localize to cytoplasmic bodies associated with endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we analyzed molecular interactions of an Nt-4/1 mutant with a deletion of 90 N-terminal amino acid residues (Nt-4/1d90) having a diffuse GFP-like localization. Upon transient co-expression with VAP27, a membrane protein known to localize to the ER, ER-plasma membrane contact sites and plasmodesmata, Nt-4/1d90 was concentrated around the cortical ER tubules, forming a network matching the shape of the cortical ER. Additionally, in response to mechanical stress, Nt-4/1d90 was re-localized to small spherical bodies, whereas the subcellular localization of VAP27 remained essentially unaffected. The Nt-4/1d90-containing bodies associated with microtubules, which underwent noticeable bundling under the conditions of mechanical stress. The Nt-4/1d90 re-localization to spherical bodies could also be induced by incubation at an elevated temperature, although under heat shock conditions the re-localization was less efficient and incomplete. An Nt-4/1d90 mutant, which had phosphorylation-mimicking mutations in a predicted cluster of four potentially phosphorylated residues, was found to both inefficiently re-localize to spherical bodies and tend to revert back to the initial diffuse localization. The presented data show that Nt-4/1 has a potential for response to stresses that is manifested by its deletion mutant Nt-4/1d90, and this response can be mediated by protein dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga S Strelkova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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13
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Lazareva EA, Lezzhov AA, Golyshev SA, Morozov SY, Heinlein M, Solovyev AG. Similarities in intracellular transport of plant viral movement proteins BMB2 and TGB3. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2379-2391. [PMID: 28869000 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-to-cell transport of many plant viruses through plasmodesmata requires viral movement proteins (MPs) encoded by a 'triple gene block' (TGB) and termed TGB1, TGB2 and TGB3. TGB3 is a small integral membrane protein that contains subcellular targeting signals and directs both TGB2 and the helicase domain-containing TGB1 protein to plasmodesmata-associated structures. Recently, we described a 'binary movement block' (BMB) coding for two MPs, BMB1 and BMB2. The BMB2 protein associates with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, accumulates at plasmodesmata-associated membrane bodies and directs the BMB1 helicase to these structures. TGB3 transport to cell peripheral bodies was previously shown to bypass the secretory pathway and involve a non-conventional mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that the intracellular transport of both poa semilatent virus TGB3 and hibiscus green spot virus BMB2 to plasmodesmata-associated sites can occur via lateral translocation along the ER membranes. Agrobacterium-mediated transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused actin-binding domains of Arabidopsis fimbrin (ABD2-GFP) and mouse talin (TAL-GFP) inhibited the subcellular targeting of TGB3 and BMB2 to plasmodesmata-associated bodies, which resulted in TGB3 and BMB2 accumulation in the cytoplasm in association with aberrant ER structures. Inhibition of COPII budding complex formation by the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the small GTPase Sar1 had no detectable effect on BMB2 subcellular targeting, which therefore could occur without exit from the ER in COPII transport vesicles. Collectively, the presented data support the current view that plant viral MPs exploit the ER:actin network for their intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lezzhov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Golyshev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Lazareva EA, Lezzhov AA, Komarova TV, Morozov SY, Heinlein M, Solovyev AG. A novel block of plant virus movement genes. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:611-624. [PMID: 27118327 PMCID: PMC6638293 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus green spot virus (HGSV) is a recently discovered and so far poorly characterized bacilliform plant virus with a positive-stranded RNA genome consisting of three RNA species. Here, we demonstrate that the proteins encoded by the ORF2 and ORF3 in HGSV RNA2 are necessary and sufficient to mediate cell-to-cell movement of transport-deficient Potato virus X in Nicotiana benthamiana. These two genes represent a specialized transport module called a 'binary movement block' (BMB), and ORF2 and ORF3 are termed BMB1 and BMB2 genes. In agroinfiltrated epidermal cells of N. benthamiana, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-BMB1 fusion protein was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, in the presence of BMB2, GFP-BMB1 was directed to cell wall-adjacent elongated bodies at the cell periphery, to cell wall-embedded punctate structures co-localizing with callose deposits at plasmodesmata, and to cells adjacent to the initially transformed cell. Thus, BMB2 can mediate the transport of BMB1 to and through plasmodesmata. In general, our observations support the idea that cell-to-cell trafficking of movement proteins involves an initial delivery to membrane compartments adjacent to plasmodesmata, subsequent entry of the plasmodesmata cavity and, finally, transport to adjacent cells. This process, as an alternative to tubule-based transport, has most likely evolved independently in triple gene block (TGB), double gene block (DGB), BMB and the single gene-coded transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander A. Lezzhov
- Department of Virology, Biological FacultyMoscow State UniversityMoscow119234Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow119992Russia
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of ScienceMoscow119991Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological FacultyMoscow State UniversityMoscow119234Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow119992Russia
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Strasbourg67084France
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow119992Russia
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15
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Gushchin VA, Karlin DG, Makhotenko AV, Khromov AV, Erokhina TN, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY, Agranovsky AA. A conserved region in the Closterovirus 1a polyprotein drives extensive remodeling of endoplasmic reticulum membranes and induces motile globules in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Virology 2017; 502:106-113. [PMID: 28027478 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In infected plant cells, closterovirus replicative polyproteins 1a and 1ab drive membrane remodeling and formation of multivesicular replication platforms. Polyprotein 1a contains a variable Central Region (CR) between the methyltransferase and helicase domains. In a previous study, we have found that transient expression of the Beet yellows virus CR-2 segment (aa 1305-1494) in Nicotiana benthamiana induces the formation of ~1µm mobile globules originating from the ER membranes. In the present study, sequence analysis has shown that a part of the CR named the "Zemlya region" (overlapping the CR-2), is conserved in all members of the Closterovirus genus and contains a predicted amphipathic helix (aa 1368-1385). By deletion analysis, the CR-2 region responsible for the induction of 1-μm globules has been mapped to aa 1368-1432. We suggest that the conserved membrane-modifying region of the BYV 1a may be involved in the biogenesis of closterovirus replication platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Gushchin
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia
| | - D G Karlin
- 25, rue de Cassis, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - A V Makhotenko
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Khromov
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - T N Erokhina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - A G Solovyev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Yu Morozov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - A A Agranovsky
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Pankratenko AV, Atabekova AK, Lazareva EA, Baksheeva VE, Zhironkina OA, Zernii EY, Owens RA, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY. Plant-specific 4/1 polypeptide interacts with an endoplasmic reticulum protein related to human BAP31. PLANTA 2017; 245:193-205. [PMID: 27714454 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The plant-specific 4/1 protein interacts, both in yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro, and co-localizes in plant cells with plant BAP-like protein, the orthologue of human protein BAP31. In yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a number of Nicotiana benthamiana protein interactors of Nt-4/1, the protein known to affect systemic transport of potato spindle tuber viroid. For one of these interactors, an orthologue of human B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) termed plant BAP-like protein (PBL), the ability to interact with Nt-4/1 was studied in greater detail. Analyses of purified proteins expressed in bacterial cells carried out in vitro with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy revealed that the N. tabacum PBL (NtPBL) was able to interact with Nt-4/1 with high-affinity, and that their complex can form at physiologically relevant concentrations of both proteins. Subcellular localization studies of 4/1-GFP and NtPBL-mRFP transiently co-expressed in plant cells revealed the co-localization of the two fusion proteins in endoplasmic reticulum-associated bodies, suggesting their interaction in vivo. The N-terminal region of the Nt-4/1 protein was found to be required for the specific subcellular targeting of the protein, presumably due to a predicted amphipathic helix mediating association of the Nt-4/1 protein with cell membranes. Additionally, this region was found to contain a trans-activator domain responsible for the Nt-4/1 ability to activate transcription of a reporter gene in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Pankratenko
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Oxana A Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Robert A Owens
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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17
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Morozov SY, Milyutina IA, Bobrova VK, Ryazantsev DY, Erokhina TN, Zavriev SK, Agranovsky AA, Solovyev AG, Troitsky AV. Structural evolution of the 4/1 genes and proteins in non-vascular and lower vascular plants. Biochimie 2015; 119:125-36. [PMID: 26542289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 4/1 protein of unknown function is encoded by a single-copy gene in most higher plants. The 4/1 protein of Nicotiana tabacum (Nt-4/1 protein) has been shown to be alpha-helical and predominantly expressed in conductive tissues. Here, we report the analysis of 4/1 genes and the encoded proteins of lower land plants. Sequences of a number of 4/1 genes from liverworts, lycophytes, ferns and gymnosperms were determined and analyzed together with sequences available in databases. Most of the vascular plants were found to encode Magnoliophyta-like 4/1 proteins exhibiting previously described gene structure and protein properties. Identification of the 4/1-like proteins in hornworts, liverworts and charophyte algae (sister lineage to all land plants) but not in mosses suggests that 4/1 proteins are likely important for plant development but not required for a primary metabolic function of plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina A Milyutina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera K Bobrova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Y Ryazantsev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Erokhina
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey K Zavriev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey A Agranovsky
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Troitsky
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Lezzhov AA, Gushchin VA, Lazareva EA, Vishnichenko VK, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Translation of the shallot virus X TGB3 gene depends on non-AUG initiation and leaky scanning. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3159-3164. [PMID: 26296665 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple gene block (TGB), a conserved gene module found in the genomes of many filamentous and rod-shaped plant viruses, encodes three proteins, TGB1, TGB2 and TGB3, required for viral cell-to-cell movement through plasmodesmata and systemic transport via the phloem. The genome of Shallot virus X, the type species of the genus Allexivirus, includes TGB1 and TGB2 genes, but contains no canonical ORF for TGB3 protein. However, a TGB3-like protein-encoding sequence lacking an AUG initiator codon has been found in the shallot virus X (ShVX) genome in a position typical for TGB3 genes. This putative TGB3 gene is conserved in all allexiviruses. Here, we carried out sequence analysis to predict possible non-AUG initiator codons in the ShVX TGB3-encoding sequence. We further used an agroinfiltration assay in Nicotiana benthamiana to confirm this prediction. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to demonstrate that the ShVX TGB3 could be translated on a bicistronic mRNA template via a leaky scanning mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Lezzhov
- Department of Genetics, Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Genetic Department, Russian Center of Forest Health, Pushkino 141207, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Valery K Vishnichenko
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow 127550, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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19
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Makarova SS, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY. RNA-binding properties of the plant protein Nt-4/1. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2014; 79:717-26. [PMID: 25108334 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791407013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco α-helical protein Nt-4/1 with unknown function forms ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes in vitro. Results obtained by retardation of RNP complexes in agarose gel were confirmed by Western-Northern hybridization. Several deletion and point mutants of Nt-4/1 were constructed, and the RNA-binding site was mapped in a positively charged region of the C-terminal domain of the protein. The results of this study and those described earlier support our hypothesis of the participation of Nt-4/1 protein in spreading RNA-containing pathogens in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Makarova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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20
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Morozov SY, Makarova SS, Erokhina TN, Kopertekh L, Schiemann J, Owens RA, Solovyev AG. Plant 4/1 protein: potential player in intracellular, cell-to-cell and long-distance signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:26. [PMID: 24611067 PMCID: PMC3933784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Originally isolated as a result of its ability to interact with the movement protein of Tomato spotted wilt virus in a yeast two-hybrid system, the 4/1 protein is proving to be an excellent tool for studying intracellular protein trafficking and intercellular communication. Expression of 4/1 in vivo is tightly regulated, first appearing in the veins of the cotyledon and later in the vasculature of the leaf and stem in association with the xylem parenchyma and phloem parenchyma. Structural studies indicate that 4/1 proteins contain as many as five coiled-coil (CC) domains; indeed, the highest level of sequence identity among 4/1 proteins involves their C-terminal CC domains, suggesting that protein-protein interaction is important for biological function. Recent data predict that the tertiary structure of this C-terminal CC domain is strikingly similar to that of yeast protein She2p; furthermore, like She2p, 4/1 protein exhibits RNA-binding activity, and mutational analysis has shown that the C-terminal CC domain is responsible for RNA binding. The 4/1 protein contains a nuclear export signal. Additional microscopy studies involving leptomycin and computer prediction suggest the presence of a nuclear localization signal as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Sergey Y. Morozov, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia e-mail:
| | - Svetlana S. Makarova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Erokhina
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Lilya Kopertekh
- Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsQuedlinburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schiemann
- Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsQuedlinburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
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21
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Solovyev AG, Makarova SS, Remizowa MV, Lim HS, Hammond J, Owens RA, Kopertekh L, Schiemann J, Morozov SY. Possible role of the Nt-4/1 protein in macromolecular transport in vascular tissue. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25784. [PMID: 23887490 PMCID: PMC4091084 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana 4/1 (At-4/1) protein has a highly α-helical structure with potential to interact both with itself and other protein ligands, including the movement proteins of some plant viruses; the Nicotiana tabacum ortholog (Nt-4/1) has similar structure. Here we describe localization of GUS expression in transgenic N. tabacum seedlings under control of the Nt-4/1 promoter, which indicates that transcription is associated with the veins at certain developmental stages, and especially in the hypocotyl. Viroid accumulation and movement was altered in plants in which 4/1 expression was reduced by virus-induced gene silencing. These localization studies support a role of 4/1 in signaling in the vasculature,including mobility of pathogen-related and cellular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory; USDA/ARS; Beltsville, MD USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit; USDA/ARS; Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Robert A Owens
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory; USDA/ARS; Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Lilya Kopertekh
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI); Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants; Institute for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Plants; Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schiemann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI); Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants; Institute for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Plants; Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- Department of Virology; Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
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22
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Solovieva AD, Frolova OY, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY, Zamyatnin AA. Effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on programmed cell death induced by viral proteins in tobacco plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2013; 78:1006-12. [PMID: 24228922 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791309006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the main defense mechanism in plants to fight various pathogens including viruses. The best-studied example of virus-induced PCD in plants is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-elicited hypersensitive response in tobacco plants containing the N resistance gene. It was previously reported that the animal mitochondrial protein Bcl-xL, which lacks a homolog in plants, effectively suppresses plant PCD induced by TMV p50 - the elicitor of hypersensitive response in Nicotiana tabacum carrying the N gene. Our studies show that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 effectively suppresses p50-induced PCD in tobacco plants. On the other hand, SkQ1 did not affect Poa semilatent virus TGB3-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is followed by PCD, in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be used to study molecular mechanisms of PCD suppression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Solovieva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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