1
|
Zhang XQ, Xiang YN, Qin T, Zou JP, Guo QW, Han ST, Zhang ZY, Liu WW, Ding G, Dong JQ, Shi DH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bakuchiol derivatives as multi-target agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105867. [PMID: 38382891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The concept of multi-target-directed ligands offers fresh perspectives for the creation of brand-new Alzheimer's disease medications. To explore their potential as multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's drugs, eighteen new bakuchiol derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR, and HRMS. Eighteen compounds were assayed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in vitro using Ellman's method. It was shown that most of the compounds inhibited AChE and BuChE to varying degrees, but the inhibitory effect on AChE was relatively strong, with fourteen compounds showing inhibition of >50% at the concentration of 200 μM. Among them, compound 3g (IC50 = 32.07 ± 2.00 μM) and compound 3n (IC50 = 34.78 ± 0.34 μM) showed potent AChE inhibitory activities. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation showed that compound 3g interacts with key amino acids at the catalytically active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase and binds stably to acetylcholinesterase. On the other hand, compounds 3n and 3q significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 released from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 3n possessed both anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, an in-depth study of compound 3n is expected to be a multi-targeted anti-AD drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Nan Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Pei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian-Wen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu-Tong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Quan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Hua Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen H, Nguyen HL, Lan PD, Thai NQ, Sikora M, Li MS. Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells and antibodies: experiment and simulation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6497-6553. [PMID: 37650302 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020. Through unprecedented scientific effort, several vaccines, drugs and antibodies have been developed, saving millions of lives, but the fight against COVID-19 continues as immune escape variants of concern such as Delta and Omicron emerge. To develop more effective treatments and to elucidate the side effects caused by vaccines and therapeutic agents, a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with them and human cells is required. With special interest in computational approaches, we will focus on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of its spike protein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as a prime entry point of the virus into host cells. In addition, other possible viral receptors will be considered. The fusion of viral and human membranes and the interaction of the spike protein with antibodies and nanobodies will be discussed, as well as the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on protein synthesis in host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hoang Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Dang Lan
- Life Science Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, 729110 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227, Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, 749000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Dong Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui X, Wang Y, Zhai J, Xue M, Zheng C, Yu L. Future trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Constant spillover back and forth between humans and animals. Virus Res 2023; 328:199075. [PMID: 36805410 PMCID: PMC9972147 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is causing a massive global public health dilemma. In particular, the outbreak of the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in several countries has aroused the great attention of the World Health Organization (WHO). As of February 1st, 2023, the WHO had counted 671,016,135 confirmed cases and 6,835,595 deaths worldwide. Despite effective vaccines and drug treatments, there is currently no way to completely and directly eliminate SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, frequent cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals have also been reported. In this review, we suggest that SARS-CoV-2, as a zoonotic virus, may be frequently transmitted between animals and humans in the future, which provides a reference and warning for rational prevention and control of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Triveri A, Casali E, Frasnetti E, Doria F, Frigerio F, Cinquini F, Pavoni S, Moroni E, Marchetti F, Serapian SA, Colombo G. Conformational Behavior of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Variants: Evolutionary Jumps in Sequence Reverberate in Structural Dynamic Differences. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2120-2134. [PMID: 36926878 PMCID: PMC10029694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved rapidly in the first 3 years of pandemic diffusion. The initial evolution of the virus appeared to proceed through big jumps in sequence changes rather than through the stepwise accumulation of point mutations on already established variants. Here, we examine whether this nonlinear mutational process reverberates in variations of the conformational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S-protein), the first point of contact between the virus and the human host. We run extensive microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations of seven distinct variants of the protein in their fully glycosylated state and set out to elucidate possible links between the mutational spectrum of the S-protein and the structural dynamics of the respective variant, at global and local levels. The results reveal that mutation-dependent structural and dynamic modulations mostly consist of increased coordinated motions in variants that acquire stability and in an increased internal flexibility in variants that are less stable. Importantly, a limited number of functionally important substructures (the receptor binding domain, in particular) share the same time of movements in all variants, indicating efficient preorganization for functional regions dedicated to host interactions. Our results support a model in which the internal dynamics of the S-proteins from different strains varies in a way that reflects the observed random and non-stepwise jumps in sequence evolution, while conserving the functionally oriented traits of conformational dynamics necessary to support productive interactions with host receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Triveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Emanuele Casali
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Elena Frasnetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Filippo Doria
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Francesco Frigerio
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R&D
Eni SpA, via Maritano 27, 20097 San Donato Milanese (Mi),
Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cinquini
- Upstream & Technical
Services—TECS/STES—Eni Spa, via Emilia 1, 20097 San Donato
Milanese (Mi), Italy
| | - Silvia Pavoni
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R&D
Eni SpA, via Maritano 27, 20097 San Donato Milanese (Mi),
Italy
| | | | - Filippo Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Stefano A. Serapian
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica,
Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhuang Z, Chen Q, Zhong X, Chen H, Yu R, Tang Y. Ginsenoside Rg3, a promising agent for NSCLC patients in the pandemic: a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:291-301. [PMID: 36249948 PMCID: PMC9553969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are particularly vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no anti-NSCLC/COVID-19 treatment options are available. As ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial to NSCLC patients and has been identified as an entry inhibitor of the virus, this study aims to explore underlying pharmacological mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 for the treatment of NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Methods Based on a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis, this study investigated target genes, biological processes, pharmacological mechanisms, and underlying immune implications of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Results An important gene set containing 26 target genes was built. Target genes with significant prognostic value were identified, including baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), glucagon receptor (GCGR), interleukin 2 (IL2), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1). The expression of target genes was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of macrophages, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes. Ginsenoside Rg3 may benefit NSCLC patients with COVID-19 by regulating signaling pathways primarily involved in anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, cell cycle, cell fate, carcinogenesis, and hemodynamics. Conclusions This study provided a comprehensive strategy for drug discovery in NSCLC and COVID-19 based on systemic biology approaches. Ginsenoside Rg3 may be a prospective drug for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the value of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runjia Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding author. Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, Ji Chang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, and cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of 2-Phenylthiazole Derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
|
7
|
Ma S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xie H, Tong Q, Yu K, Yang J. Dynamic Interactions Between Brilliant Green and MscL Investigated by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202106. [PMID: 36251739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanosensitive ion channel of large conductance (MscL) is a promising template for the development of new antibiotics due to its high conservation and uniqueness to microbes. Brilliant green (BG), a triarylmethane dye, has been identified as a new antibiotic targeted MscL. However, the detailed binding sites to MscL and the dynamic pathway of BG through the MscL channel remain unknown. Here, the dynamic interactions between BG and MscL were investigated using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecule dynamics (MD) simulations. Residue site-specific binding sites of BG to the MscL channel were identified by solid-state NMR. In addition, MD simulations revealed that BG conducts through the MscL channel via residues along the inner surface of the pore sequentially, in which the strong hydrophobic interactions between BG and hydrophobic residues F23 and I27 in the hydrophobic gate region of the MscL channel are major restrictions. Particularly, it was demonstrated that BG activates the MscL channel by reducing the hydrophobicity of the F23 in the gate region by water molecules that are bound to BG. Taken together, these simulations and experimental data provide novel insights into the dynamic interactions between BG and MscL, based on which new hydrophobic antibiotics and adjuvants targeting MscL can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ma
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Huayong Xie
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Tong
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Lester D, Rosengarten G, Aboltins C, Patel M, Cole I. A spatiotemporally resolved infection risk model for airborne transmission of COVID-19 variants in indoor spaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152592. [PMID: 34954184 PMCID: PMC8695516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The classic Wells-Riley model is widely used for estimation of the transmission risk of airborne pathogens in indoor spaces. However, the predictive capability of this zero-dimensional model is limited as it does not resolve the highly heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution of airborne pathogens, and the infection risk is poorly quantified for many pathogens. In this study we address these shortcomings by developing a novel spatiotemporally resolved Wells-Riley model for prediction of the transmission risk of different COVID-19 variants in indoor environments. This modelling framework properly accounts for airborne infection risk by incorporating the latest clinical data regarding viral shedding by COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infecting human cells. The spatiotemporal distribution of airborne pathogens is determined via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow and aerosol transport, leading to an integrated model of infection risk associated with the exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which can produce quantitative 3D infection risk map for a specific SARS-CoV-2 variant in a given indoor space. Application of this model to airborne COVID-19 transmission within a hospital ward demonstrates the impact of different virus variants and respiratory PPE upon transmission risk. With the emergence of highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants such as the Delta and Omicron strains, respiratory PPE alone may not provide effective protection. These findings suggest a combination of optimal ventilation and respiratory PPE must be developed to effectively control the transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare settings and indoor spaces in general. This generalised risk estimation framework has the flexibility to incorporate further clinical data as such becomes available, and can be readily applied to consider a wide range of factors that impact transmission risk, including location and movement of infectious persons, virus variant and stage of infection, level of PPE and vaccination of infectious and susceptible individuals, impacts of coughing, sneezing, talking and breathing, and natural and mechanised ventilation and filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel Lester
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Gary Rosengarten
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Craig Aboltins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Northern Health, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia
| | - Milan Patel
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ivan Cole
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Augustine R, S A, Nayeem A, Salam SA, Augustine P, Dan P, Maureira P, Mraiche F, Gentile C, Hansbro PM, McClements L, Hasan A. Increased complications of COVID-19 in people with cardiovascular disease: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109738. [PMID: 34740598 PMCID: PMC8563522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a dramatic negative impact on public health and economies worldwide. Recent studies on COVID-19 complications and mortality rates suggest that there is a higher prevalence in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients. Past investigations on the associations between pre-existing CVDs and susceptibility to coronavirus infections including SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have demonstrated similar results. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This has impeded adequate risk stratification and treatment strategies for CVD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Generally, dysregulation of the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the counter regulator, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a hallmark of cardiovascular risk and CVD. ACE2 is the main host receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Although further studies are required, dysfunction of ACE2 after virus binding and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling may worsen the outcomes of people affected by COVID-19 and with preexisting CVD. Here, we review the current knowledge and outline the gaps related to the relationship between CVD and COVID-19 with a focus on the RAAS. Improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral entry and the role of RAAS may direct future research with the potential to improve the prevention and management of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abhilash S
- Department of Microbiology, Majlis Arts and Science College, Puramannur, Malappuram, Kerala, 676552, India
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheen Abdul Salam
- Department of Biosciences, MES College Marampally, Aluva, Ernakulam, 683107, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Augustine
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheik Amamuddy O, Afriyie Boateng R, Barozi V, Wavinya Nyamai D, Tastan Bishop Ö. Novel dynamic residue network analysis approaches to study allosteric modulation: SARS-CoV-2 M pro and its evolutionary mutations as a case study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6431-6455. [PMID: 34849191 PMCID: PMC8613987 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rational search for allosteric modulators and the allosteric mechanisms of these modulators in the presence of mutations is a relatively unexplored field. Here, we established novel in silico approaches and applied them to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as a case study. First, we identified six potential allosteric modulators. Then, we focused on understanding the allosteric effects of these modulators on each of its protomers. We introduced a new combinatorial approach and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis algorithms to examine patterns of change and conservation of critical nodes, according to five independent criteria of network centrality. We observed highly conserved network hubs for each averaged DRN metric on the basis of their existence in both protomers in the absence and presence of all ligands (persistent hubs). We also detected ligand specific signal changes. Using eigencentrality (EC) persistent hubs and ligand introduced hubs we identified a residue communication path connecting the allosteric binding site to the catalytic site. Finally, we examined the effects of the mutations on the behavior of the protein in the presence of selected potential allosteric modulators and investigated the ligand stability. One crucial outcome was to show that EC centrality hubs form an allosteric communication path between the allosteric ligand binding site to the active site going through the interface residues of domains I and II; and this path was either weakened or lost in the presence of some of the mutations. Overall, the results revealed crucial aspects that need to be considered in rational computational drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Barozi
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Dorothy Wavinya Nyamai
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheik Amamuddy O, Glenister M, Tshabalala T, Tastan Bishop Ö. MDM-TASK-web: MD-TASK and MODE-TASK web server for analyzing protein dynamics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5059-5071. [PMID: 34589183 PMCID: PMC8455658 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The web server, MDM-TASK-web, combines the MD-TASK and MODE-TASK software suites, which are aimed at the coarse-grained analysis of static and all-atom MD-simulated proteins, using a variety of non-conventional approaches, such as dynamic residue network analysis, perturbation-response scanning, dynamic cross-correlation, essential dynamics and normal mode analysis. Altogether, these tools allow for the exploration of protein dynamics at various levels of detail, spanning single residue perturbations and weighted contact network representations, to global residue centrality measurements and the investigation of global protein motion. Typically, following molecular dynamic simulations designed to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic protein perturbations (for instance induced by allosteric and orthosteric ligands, protein binding, temperature, pH and mutations), this selection of tools can be used to further describe protein dynamics. This may lead to the discovery of key residues involved in biological processes, such as drug resistance. The server simplifies the set-up required for running these tools and visualizing their results. Several scripts from the tool suites were updated and new ones were also added and integrated with 2D/3D visualization via the web interface. An embedded work-flow, integrated documentation and visualization tools shorten the number of steps to follow, starting from calculations to result visualization. The Django-powered web server (available at https://mdmtaskweb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) is compatible with all major web browsers. All scripts implemented in the web platform are freely available at https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MD-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web and https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MODE-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sheik Amamuddy
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Michael Glenister
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharun K, Saied AA, Tiwari R, Dhama K. SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and feral cats: current evidence and implications. Vet Q 2021; 41:228-231. [PMID: 34319851 PMCID: PMC8381979 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1962576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that cats play a limited role in COVID-19 epidemiology, and pets are probably dead-end hosts of SARS-CoV-2 and pose negligible risks of transmission to humans. Still, one health concept is to be adopted widely as a component of mitigation strategies to tackle the ongoing pandemic. Therefore, in terms of the magnitude of infection and potential to transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans, our surveillance efforts should mainly focus on mustelids (especially minks, ferrets, and others) for early detection and control of infection. This will ensure that SARS-CoV-2 will not get established in the wild animal population of these susceptible species. We agree with Dr. Passarella Teixeira on the possibility of domestic and feral cats acting as an urban reservoir, subsequently transmitting the virus to human beings. However, it is less likely that such a phenomenon will be reported even if it has occurred due to the efficient and extensive human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, Egypt.,Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bonilla-Aldana DK, García-Barco A, Jimenez-Diaz SD, Bonilla-Aldana JL, Cardona-Trujillo MC, Muñoz-Lara F, Zambrano LI, Salas-Matta LA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series. Vet Q 2021; 41:250-267. [PMID: 34406913 PMCID: PMC8428274 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1970280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is essentially a zoonotic disease. In this context, early in 2020, transmission from humans to certain animals began reporting; the number of studies has grown since. To estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals and to determine differences in prevalence between countries, years, animal types and diagnostic methods (RT-PCR or serological tests). A systematic literature review with meta-analysis using eight databases. Observational studies were included but analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for prevalence studies and case series. After the screening, 65 reports were selected for full-text assessment and included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 24 reports assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, combining a total of 321,785 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 11.6%–13.0%). Also, a total of 17 studies additionally assessed serological response against SARS-CoV-2, including nine by ELISA, four by PRTN, one by MIA, one by immunochromatography (rest, two studies, the method was not specified), combining a total of 5319 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 29.4% (95% CI 22.9%–35.9%). A considerable proportion of animals resulted infected by SARS-CoV-2, ranking minks among the highest value, followed by dogs and cats. Further studies in other animals are required to define the extent and importance of natural infection due to SARS-CoV-2. These findings have multiple implications for public human and animal health. One Health approach in this context is critical for prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alejandra García-Barco
- Grupo Colaborativo de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por vectores, Zoonóticas y tropicales de Risaralda, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - S Daniela Jimenez-Diaz
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Maria C Cardona-Trujillo
- Grupo Colaborativo de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por vectores, Zoonóticas y tropicales de Risaralda, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Fausto Muñoz-Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lysien I Zambrano
- Unit of Scientific Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| |
Collapse
|