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Shinozaki K, Kirinoki M, Atcharaphan W, Watanabe KI, Ohari Y, Suguta S, Ona KAL, Ushio N, Macalanda AMC, Suganuma K, Inoue N, Kawazu SI. Expression profile analysis of the transient receptor potential (TRPM) channel, a possible target of praziquantel in Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Int 2024; 99:102833. [PMID: 38061487 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The WHO considers schistosomiasis, which is controlled by the mass administration of the drug praziquantel (PZQ), to be a neglected tropical disease. Despite its clinical use for over four decades, PZQ remains the only choice of chemotherapy against this disease. Regarding the previous studies that demonstrated that PZQ activates the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in Schistosoma mansoni (Sm.TRPMPZQ), the expression profile of the ortholog of this channel gene (Smp_246790.5) in S. japonicum (EWB00_008853) (Sj.TRPMPZQ) was analyzed. The relative expression of this gene in various stages of the parasite lifecycle was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the expression of Sj.TRPMPZQ was observed by immunohistochemical staining using anti-serum against the recombinant Sj.TRPMPZQ protein. qRT-PCR revealed the significantly lower mRNA expression in the snail stage in comparison to other stages (p < 0.01). The relative quantity of the Sj.TRPMPZQ expression for paired females, unpaired males, and eggs was 60%, 56%, and 68%, respectively, in comparison to paired males that showed the highest expression (p < 0.05). Interestingly, immunostaining demonstrated that Sj.TRPMPZQ is expressed in the parenchyma which contains muscle cells, neuronal cells and tegument cells in adult worms. This may support the two major effects of PZQ-worm paralysis and tegument disruption-induced by channel activation. Moreover, the channel was expressed in both the eggshell and the miracidia inside, but could not be observed in sporocyst. These results suggest that the expression of Sj.TRPMPQZ corresponds to the known sensitivity of S. japonicum to PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Shinozaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Wanlop Atcharaphan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Saki Suguta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kevin Austin L Ona
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Nanako Ushio
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Adrian Miki C Macalanda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Gao J, Li H, Lv H, Cheng X. Mutation of TRPML1 Channel and Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Haimeria. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03874-y. [PMID: 38157120 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, a group of debilitating disorders, have garnered increasing attention due to their escalating prevalence, particularly among aging populations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) reigns as a prominent exemplar within this category, distinguished by its relentless progression of cognitive impairment and the accumulation of aberrant protein aggregates within the intricate landscape of the brain. While the intricate pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has been the subject of extensive investigation, recent scientific inquiry has unveiled a novel player in this complex scenario-transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channels. This comprehensive review embarks on an exploration of the intricate interplay between TRPML1 channels and neurodegenerative diseases, with an explicit spotlight on Alzheimer's disease. It immerses itself in the intricate molecular mechanisms governing TRPML1 channel functionality and elucidates their profound implications for the well-being of neurons. Furthermore, the review ventures into the realm of therapeutic potential, pondering the possibilities and challenges associated with targeting TRPML1 channels as a promising avenue for the amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders. As we traverse this multifaceted terrain of neurodegeneration and the enigmatic role of TRPML1 channels, we embark on a journey that not only broadens our understanding of the intricate machinery governing neuronal health but also holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions in the relentless battle against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hua Lv
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xiansong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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Chulkov EG, Isaeva E, Stucky CL, Marchant JS. Use the force, fluke: Ligand-independent gating of Schistosoma mansoni ion channel TRPM PZQ. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:427-434. [PMID: 36610555 PMCID: PMC10258140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic flatworm ion channel, TRPMPZQ, is a non-selective cation channel that mediates Ca2+ entry and membrane depolarization when activated by the anthelmintic drug, praziquantel (PZQ). TRPMPZQ is conserved in all platyhelminth genomes scrutinized to date, with the sensitivity of TRPMPZQ in any particular flatworm correlating with the overall sensitivity of the worm to PZQ. Conservation of this channel suggests it plays a role in flatworm physiology, but the nature of the endogenous cues that activate this channel are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TRPMPZQ is activated in a ligand-independent manner by membrane stretch, with the electrophysiological signature of channel opening events being identical whether evoked by negative pressure, or by PZQ. TRPMPZQ is therefore a multimodal ion channel gated by both physical and chemical cues. The mechanosensitivity of TRPMPZQ is one route for endogenous activation of this ion channel that holds relevance for schistosome physiology given the persistent pressures and mechanical cues experienced throughout the parasite life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Chulkov
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA.
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