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Yoshida T, Sakakibara N, Ura T, Minamiki T, Shiraki K. Cationic polyelectrolytes prevent the aggregation of l-lactate dehydrogenase under unstable conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128549. [PMID: 38043662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Unstructured biological macromolecules have attracted attention as protein aggregation inhibitors in living cells. Some are characterized by their free structural configuration, highly charged, and water-soluble. However, the importance of these properties in inhibiting protein aggregation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of charged poly (amino acids), which mimic these properties, on aggregation of l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and compared their effects to monomeric amino acids and folded proteins. LDH was stable and active at a neutral pH (~7) but formed inactive aggregates at acidic pH (< 6). Adding cationic polyelectrolytes of poly-l-lysine and poly-l-arginine suppressed the acid-induced aggregation and inactivation of LDH under acidic pH values. Adding monomeric amino acids and cationic folded proteins also prevented LDH aggregation but with lower efficacy than cationic polyelectrolytes. These results indicate that unstructured polyelectrolytes effectively stabilize unstable enzymes because they interact flexibly and multivalently with them. Our findings provide a simple method for stabilizing enzymes under unstable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Yoshida
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Nanako Sakakibara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoto Ura
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Minamiki
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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2
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Rossi M, Tomaselli F, Hochkoeppler A. The four subunits of rabbit skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase do not exert their catalytic action additively. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149294. [PMID: 38011772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric enzymes containing multiple active sites are usually considered to perform their catalytic action at higher rates when compared with their monomeric counterparts. This implies, in turn, that the activity performed by different holoenzyme subunits features additivity. Nevertheless, the extent of this additivity occurring in holoenzymes is far from being adequately understood. To tackle this point, we used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase (rbLDH) as a model system to assay the reduction of pyruvate catalysed by this enzyme at the expense of β-NADH under pre-steady-state conditions. In particular, we observed the kinetics of reactions triggered by concentrations of β-NADH equimolar to 1, 2, 3, or all 4 subunits of the rbLDH holoenzyme, in the presence of an excess of pyruvate. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single holoenzyme subunit, we observed a sharp slowdown of the enzyme conformational rearrangements associated to the generation and the release of l-lactate. Furthermore, using a model to interpret the complex kinetics observed under the highest concentration of the limiting reactant, we estimated the diversity of the rates describing the action of the different rbLDH subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Tomaselli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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3
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Bertrand Q, Coquille S, Iorio A, Sterpone F, Madern D. Biochemical, structural and dynamical characterizations of the lactate dehydrogenase from Selenomonas ruminantium provide information about an intermediate evolutionary step prior to complete allosteric regulation acquisition in the super family of lactate and malate dehydrogenases. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:108039. [PMID: 37884067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Selenomonas ruminantium (S. rum), an enzyme that differs at key amino acid positions from canonical allosteric LDHs. The wild type (Wt) of this enzyme recognises pyuvate as all LDHs. However, introducing a single point mutation in the active site loop (I85R) allows S. Rum LDH to recognize the oxaloacetate substrate as a typical malate dehydrogenase (MalDH), whilst maintaining homotropic activation as an LDH. We report the tertiary structure of the Wt and I85RLDH mutant. The Wt S. rum enzyme structure binds NADH and malonate, whilst also resembling the typical compact R-active state of canonical LDHs. The structure of the mutant with I85R was solved in the Apo State (without ligand), and shows no large conformational reorganization such as that observed with canonical allosteric LDHs in Apo state. This is due to a local structural feature typical of S. rum LDH that prevents large-scale conformational reorganization. The S. rum LDH was also studied using Molecular Dynamics simulations, probing specific local deformations of the active site that allow the S. rum LDH to sample the T-inactive state. We propose that, with respect to the LDH/MalDH superfamily, the S. rum enzyme possesses a specificstructural and dynamical way to ensure homotropic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bertrand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Biology and Chemistry Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Iorio
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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4
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Daverio Z, Kolkman M, Perrier J, Brunet L, Bendridi N, Sanglar C, Berger MA, Panthu B, Rautureau GJP. Warburg-associated acidification represses lactic fermentation independently of lactate, contribution from real-time NMR on cell-free systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17733. [PMID: 37853114 PMCID: PMC10584866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate accumulation and acidification in tumours are a cancer hallmark associated with the Warburg effect. Lactic acidosis correlates with cancer malignancy, and the benefit it offers to tumours has been the subject of numerous hypotheses. Strikingly, lactic acidosis enhances cancer cell survival to environmental glucose depletion by repressing high-rate glycolysis and lactic fermentation, and promoting an oxidative metabolism involving reactivated respiration. We used real-time NMR to evaluate how cytosolic lactate accumulation up to 40 mM and acidification up to pH 6.5 individually impact glucose consumption, lactate production and pyruvate evolution in isolated cytosols. We used a reductive cell-free system (CFS) to specifically study cytosolic metabolism independently of other Warburg-regulatory mechanisms found in the cell. We assessed the impact of lactate and acidification on the Warburg metabolism of cancer cytosols, and whether this effect extended to different cytosolic phenotypes of lactic fermentation and cancer. We observed that moderate acidification, independently of lactate concentration, drastically reduces the glucose consumption rate and halts lactate production in different lactic fermentation phenotypes. In parallel, for Warburg-type CFS lactate supplementation induces pyruvate accumulation at control pH, and can maintain a higher cytosolic pyruvate pool at low pH. Altogether, we demonstrate that intracellular acidification accounts for the direct repression of lactic fermentation by the Warburg-associated lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Daverio
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Maxime Kolkman
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Perrier
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Lexane Brunet
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Corinne Sanglar
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Berger
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Gilles J P Rautureau
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.
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Robin AY, Brochier-Armanet C, Bertrand Q, Barette C, Girard E, Madern D. Deciphering Evolutionary Trajectories of Lactate Dehydrogenases Provides New Insights into Allostery. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad223. [PMID: 37797308 PMCID: PMC10583557 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC.1.1.127) is an important enzyme engaged in the anaerobic metabolism of cells, catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+. LDH is a relevant enzyme to investigate structure-function relationships. The present work provides the missing link in our understanding of the evolution of LDHs. This allows to explain (i) the various evolutionary origins of LDHs in eukaryotic cells and their further diversification and (ii) subtle phenotypic modifications with respect to their regulation capacity. We identified a group of cyanobacterial LDHs displaying eukaryotic-like LDH sequence features. The biochemical and structural characterization of Cyanobacterium aponinum LDH, taken as representative, unexpectedly revealed that it displays homotropic and heterotropic activation, typical of an allosteric enzyme, whereas it harbors a long N-terminal extension, a structural feature considered responsible for the lack of allosteric capacity in eukaryotic LDHs. Its crystallographic structure was solved in 2 different configurations typical of the R-active and T-inactive states encountered in allosteric LDHs. Structural comparisons coupled with our evolutionary analyses helped to identify 2 amino acid positions that could have had a major role in the attenuation and extinction of the allosteric activation in eukaryotic LDHs rather than the presence of the N-terminal extension. We tested this hypothesis by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting C. aponinum LDH mutants displayed reduced allosteric capacity mimicking those encountered in plants and human LDHs. This study provides a new evolutionary scenario of LDHs that unifies descriptions of regulatory properties with structural and mutational patterns of these important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Y Robin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Quentin Bertrand
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Biology and Chemistry Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barette
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric Girard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Madern
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Li Y, Ye Y, Li W, Liu X, Zhao Y, Jiang Q, Che X. Effects of Salinity Stress on Histological Changes, Glucose Metabolism Index and Transcriptomic Profile in Freshwater Shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2884. [PMID: 37760284 PMCID: PMC10525465 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an important factor in the aquatic environment and affects the ion homeostasis and physiological activities of crustaceans. Macrobrachium nipponense is a shrimp that mainly lives in fresh and low-salt waters and plays a huge economic role in China's shrimp market. Currently, there are only a few studies on the effects of salinity on M. nipponense. Therefore, it is of particular importance to study the molecular responses of M. nipponense to salinity fluctuations. In this study, M. nipponense was set at salinities of 0, 8, 14 and 22‱ for 6 weeks. The gills from the control (0‱) and isotonic groups (14‱) were used for RNA extraction and transcriptome analysis. In total, 593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 282 were up-regulated and 311 were down-regulated. The most abundant gill transcripts responding to different salinity levels based on GO classification were organelle membrane (cellular component), creatine transmembrane transporter activity (molecular function) and creatine transmembrane transport (biological function). KEGG analysis showed that the most enriched and significantly affected pathways included AMPK signaling, lysosome and cytochrome P450. In addition, 15 DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, which were mainly related to ion homeostasis, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. The results showed that the expression patterns of these genes were similar to the high-throughput data. Compared with the control group, high salinity caused obvious injury to gill tissue, mainly manifested as contraction and relaxation of gill filament, cavity vacuolation and severe epithelial disintegration. Glucose-metabolism-related enzyme activities (e.g., pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, 6-phosphate fructose kinase) and related-gene expression (e.g., hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphate fructose kinase) in the gills were significantly higher at a salinity of 14‱. This study showed that salinity stress activated ion transport channels and promoted an up-regulated level of glucose metabolism. High salinity levels caused damage to the gill tissue of M. nipponense. Overall, these results improved our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China;
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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Simongini M, Puglisi A, Genovese F, Hochkoeppler A. Trehalose counteracts the dissociation of tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase induced by acidic pH conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 740:109584. [PMID: 37001749 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle (rbLDH) is a tetrameric enzyme, known to undergo dissociation when exposed to acidic pH conditions. Moreover, it should be mentioned that this dissociation translates into a pronounced loss of enzyme activity. Notably, among the compounds able to stabilize proteins and enzymes, the disaccharide trehalose represents an outperformer. In particular, trehalose was shown to efficiently counteract quite a number of physical and chemical agents inducing protein denaturation. However, no information is available on the effect, if any, exerted by trehalose against the dissociation of protein oligomers. Accordingly, we thought it of interest to investigate whether this disaccharide is competent in preventing the dissociation of rbLDH induced by acidic pH conditions. Further, we compared the action of trehalose with the effects triggered by maltose and cellobiose. Surprisingly, both these disaccharides enhanced the dissociation of rbLDH, with maltose being responsible for a major effect when compared to cellobiose. On the contrary, trehalose was effective in preventing enzyme dissociation, as revealed by activity assays and by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments. Moreover, we detected a significant decrease of both K0.5 and Vmax when the rbLDH activity was tested (at pH 7.5 and 6.5) as a function of pyruvate concentration in the presence of trehalose. Further, we found that trehalose induces a remarkable increase of Vmax when the enzyme is exposed to pH 5. Overall, our observations suggest that trehalose triggers conformational rearrangements of tetrameric rbLDH mirrored by resistance to dissociation and peculiar catalytic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Simongini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Puglisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Genovese
- CIGS, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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8
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Osman KA, Shaaban MMI, Ahmed NS. Biomarkers of imidacloprid toxicity in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5662-5676. [PMID: 35980528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo effect of the oral sublethal doses of 3.014 mg kg-1 of IMI (1/25 LD50) for 1, 7, 14, and 28 days every other day on Japanese quail was investigated. The results revealed that certain biomarkers in the selected tissues of the quail such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), aminotransaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, and aspartate aminotransaminase, AST), phosphatases (acid phosphatase, ACP, and alkaline phosphatase, ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and blood glucose showed significant inductions, while significant reductions in the levels of glutathione-reduced (GSH), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were noticed. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects of imidacloprid on quails were elucidated regarding neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and genotoxicity. Because IMI induced alterations in the levels of these biomarkers in Japanese quail; therefore, Japanese quail as a wild avian can be used as a suite bioindicator to detect imidacloprid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M I Shaaban
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Ahmed
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
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Liu M, Dai Y, Song C, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Structural Characterization of a Pleurotus sajor-caju Polysaccharide and Its Neuroprotection Related to the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194047. [PMID: 36235700 PMCID: PMC9573675 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide PSP2-1 was isolated and purified from Pleurotus sajor-caju. The structural characterization data displayed that the molecular weight of PSP2-1 was 44.9 kDa, and PSP2-1 consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose. The methylation results showed that the glycosidic bonds of PSP2-1 included T-Fuc, 1,6-Gal, T-Glc, 1,6-Glc, 1,3,6-Glc, 1,3-Man, 1,2,6-Man, and T-Man. Neuroprotective studies indicated that PSP2-1 significantly improved the cell viability of the H2O2-induced oxidatively damaged neuronal cell HT22, reduced the release of LDH, inhibited apoptosis and release of cytochrome c, and alleviated the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, PSP2-1 decreased the phosphorylation levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the ratio of bcl-2/bax. Additionally, PSP2-1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPK family members including JNK, p38, and Erk. Finally, animal experiments showed that PSP2-1 could improve the oxidative stress injury and the learning and memory ability of mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our results confirmed that PSP2-1 significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress injury, inhibited the apoptosis in H2O2-induced neuronal cells via MAPK pathway, and also improved cognition in mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our research gives the foundation for the functional food application of P. sajor-caju polysaccharides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingdi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chengming Song
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Respiratory Department, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84532989 (Y.L.); +86-431-84533269 (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84532989 (Y.L.); +86-431-84533269 (Q.W.)
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10
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Iorio A, Brochier-Armanet C, Mas C, Sterpone F, Madern D. Protein Conformational Space at the Edge of Allostery: Turning a Non-allosteric Malate Dehydrogenase into an "Allosterized" Enzyme using Evolution Guided Punctual Mutations. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6691310. [PMID: 36056899 PMCID: PMC9486893 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We unveil the intimate relationship between protein dynamics and allostery by following the trajectories of model proteins in their conformational and sequence spaces. Starting from a nonallosteric hyperthermophilic malate dehydrogenase, we have tracked the role of protein dynamics in the evolution of the allosteric capacity. Based on a large phylogenetic analysis of the malate (MalDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) superfamily, we identified two amino acid positions that could have had a major role for the emergence of allostery in LDHs, which we targeted for investigation by site-directed mutagenesis. Wild-type MalDH and the single and double mutants were tested with respect to their substrate recognition profiles. The double mutant displayed a sigmoid-shaped profile typical of homotropic activation in LDH. By using molecular dynamics simulations, we showed that the mutations induce a drastic change in the protein sampling of its conformational landscape, making transiently T-like (inactive) conformers, typical of allosteric LDHs, accessible. Our data fit well with the seminal key concept linking protein dynamics and evolvability. We showed that the selection of a new phenotype can be achieved by a few key dynamics-enhancing mutations causing the enrichment of low-populated conformational substates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iorio
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Caroline Mas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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